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Ullah S, Ali Z, Khan AS, Nasrullah A, Javed F, Adalat B, Sher N, Ahmed M, Alshgari RA, Saleh Mushab MS, Majeed S. Hydrophobic ammonium based ionic liquids for efficient extraction of textile dyes from aqueous media: Extraction study and antibacterial evaluation. Chemosphere 2023; 321:138008. [PMID: 36731664 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alizarin red S (ARS) extraction from aqueous medium was carried out using hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) containing trioctylammonium cation paired with 4-tert-butylbenzoate ([TOA][Butbenz] (IL1), 4-phenylbutanoate ([TOA][PheBut] (IL2), 3-4-dimethylbenzoate ([TOA][DMbenz] (IL3), naphthoate, ([TOA][Naph]) (IL4), salicylate ([TOA][Sali]) (IL5) and nonanedioate ([TOA]2[Nona]) (IL6). The findings demonstrated that all of the tested ILs were efficient for extracting ARS, however, [TOA]2[Nona] was more effective than others. For the extraction of ARS from the aqueous phase, the effects of various parameters including the initial pH of the dye solution, contact time, ILs to dye volume ratio (VIL:VW), dye concentration, temperature, and salt effect were investigated. The spontaneity of the liquid-liquid extraction of ARS from the aqueous phase to the IL phase was confirmed by thermodynamic parameters. More than 90% of the ARS was extracted from the aqueous phase to the IL phase throughout all experiments. Interaction of selected IL with dyes were confirmed using FTIR analysis. The standard bacterial strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC BAA-2471 (gram negative) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 (gram positive) were used for evaluating antibacterial activity. The lower dose (250 ppm), the ILs1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 inhibited 0.40, 1.50, 6.50, 1.50, 2.50, and 0.50 mm growth of E. coli, and 4.0, 2.0, 16.50, 0.40, 5.0, and 3.50 mm growth of MRSA, respectively. The experimental findings confirmed that the present ILs can be utilized as an effective solvent for ARS and other dyes extraction from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadat Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Zarshad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amir Sada Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Nasrullah
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Adalat
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Naila Sher
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu-28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu-28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Razan A Alshgari
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saadat Majeed
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
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Bilgili H, Bürger M, Stubenrauch C, Porada JH. About the nanostructure of the ternary system water - [BMIm]PF 6 - TX-100. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 484:237-48. [PMID: 27619383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Many efforts have been made to formulate water-IL microemulsions. One of the most intensely studied systems is H2O - 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm]PF6) - 4-octylphenol polyethoxylate (TX-100) and it is not questioned that this system forms microemulsions. The nanostructures observed for traditional microemulsions are postulated with the surfactant being adsorbed at the interface such that the hydrophilic EO sides intrude into the water domains, while the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains are immersed into [BMIm]PF6. However, the high polarity of [BMIm]PF6 and the observation that [BMIm]PF6 mixes well with oligoethylene oxides but hardly with non-polar solvents like toluene or alkanes are not in line with this picture. EXPERIMENTS We re-studied the ternary system H2O - [BMIm]PF6 - TX-100 by measuring phase diagrams, determining tie-lines, and carrying out ROESY NMR and PFG NMR measurements. FINDINGS We found that the hydrophobic part of the surfactant interacts neither with water nor with [BMIm]PF6, while both solvents interact with the hydrophilic part of the surfactant. We suggest that the surfactant is not adsorbed at the interface between water and the IL, but forms normal spherical or elongated micelles or even continuous aggregates with the hydrocarbon chains forming the interior of the aggregates.
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