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Escarcega-Bordagaray JA, Torres-Martinez M, Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE, Ramírez-Díaz M, Fàbregues F, Carmona F. Basal characteristics of patients who responded to Ovarian Fragmentation for Follicular Act ivation (OFFA) or In Vitro Activation (IVA): a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024; 41:989-998. [PMID: 38315420 PMCID: PMC11052944 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to identify if there is a subset of patients with POI who are more likely to show follicular growth after ovarian fragmentation for follicular activation (OFFA) or in vitro activation (IVA). Five studies met inclusion criteria for meta-analysis with a total of 164 patients. Forty-three patients showed follicle development (26.21%). Of those, the pregnancy rate was 35.58% (11/43) and the live birth rate was 20.93% (9/43). Our meta-analysis showed that age was not associated with follicle growth. However, lower baseline FSH, lower duration of amenorrhea/diagnosis, and presence of follicles remaining in biopsy were statistically significant for follicle development. Patients with basal characteristics mentioned before may have more chances to show follicle growth after OFFA or IVA. Taking into account that approximately 20% of patients with follicle growth had live birth, these results are very promising. Given the overall certainty of evidence, future studies are needed to confirm said results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauricio Torres-Martinez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - David Eugenio Hinojosa-Gonzalez
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mónica Ramírez-Díaz
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Francesc Fàbregues
- Department of Gynecology, Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Carmona
- Department of Gynecology, Institut Clinic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Carrer de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Chang CL. Facilitation of Ovarian Response by Mechanical Force-Latest Insight on Fertility Improvement in Women with Poor Ovarian Response or Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14751. [PMID: 37834198 PMCID: PMC10573075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in fertility in aging women, especially those with poor ovarian response (POR) or primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), is a major concern for modern IVF centers. Fertility treatments have traditionally relied on gonadotropin- and steroid-hormone-based IVF practices, but these methods have limitations, especially for women with aging ovaries. Researchers have been motivated to explore alternative approaches. Ovarian aging is a complicated process, and the deterioration of oocytes, follicular cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and the stromal compartment can all contribute to declining fertility. Adjunct interventions that involve the use of hormones, steroids, and cofactors and gamete engineering are two major research areas aimed to improve fertility in aging women. Additionally, mechanical procedures including the In Vitro Activation (IVA) procedure, which combines pharmacological activators and fragmentation of ovarian strips, and the Whole Ovary Laparoscopic Incision (WOLI) procedure that solely relies on mechanical manipulation in vivo have shown promising results in improving follicle growth and fertility in women with POR and POI. Advances in the use of mechanical procedures have brought exciting opportunities to improve fertility outcomes in aging women with POR or POI. While the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that lead to fertility decline in aging women remains a major challenge for further improvement of mechanical-manipulation-based approaches, recent progress has provided a better view of how these procedures promote folliculogenesis in the fibrotic and avascular aging ovaries. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of the potential mechanisms that contribute to ovarian aging in POI and POR patients, followed by a discussion of measures that aim to improve ovarian folliculogenesis in aging women. At last, we discuss the likely mechanisms that contribute to the outcomes of IVA and WOLI procedures and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Lin Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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Li X, Adali T, Silva R, Calhoun V. Multimodal subspace independent vector analysis captures latent subspace structures in large multimodal neuroimaging studies. bioRxiv 2023:2023.09.17.558092. [PMID: 37745533 PMCID: PMC10516023 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.17.558092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
We present Multimodal Subspace Independent Vector Analysis (MSIVA), a methodology to capture both joint and unique vector sources across multiple data modalities by defining linked and modality-specific subspaces. In particular, MSIVA enables the estimation of independent subspaces of various sizes within modalities and their one-to-one linkage to corresponding subspaces across modalities. We compare MSIVA to a fully unimodal initialization baseline and a fully multimodal initialization baseline, and evaluate all three approaches with five distinct subspace structures on synthetic and neuroimaging datasets. We first demonstrate that MSIVA and the unimodal baseline can identify the correct ground-truth subspace structures from the incorrect ones in multiple synthetic datasets, while the multimodal baseline fails at detecting high-dimensional subspace structures. We then show that MSIVA can better capture the latent subspace structure with the minimum loss value in two large multimodal neuroimaging datasets compared to the unimodal baseline. Our results from subsequent per-subspace canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and brain-phenotype modeling demonstrate that the sources from the optimal subspace structure are strongly associated with phenotype measures, including age, sex and schizophrenia-related effects. Our proposed methodology MSIVA can be applied to capture linked and unique biomarkers from multimodal neuroimaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tulay Adali
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rogers Silva
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vince Calhoun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Goralski JL, Hoppe JE, Mall MA, McColley SA, McKone E, Ramsey B, Rayment JH, Robinson P, Stehling F, Taylor-Cousar JL, Tullis E, Ahluwalia N, Chin A, Chu C, Lu M, Niu T, Weinstock T, Ratjen F, Rosenfeld M. Phase 3 Open-Label Clinical Trial of Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/ Ivacaftor in Children Aged 2-5 Years with Cystic Fibrosis and at Least One F508del Allele. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:59-67. [PMID: 36921081 PMCID: PMC10870849 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202301-0084oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) has been shown to be safe and effective in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged ⩾6 years with at least one F508del-CFTR allele but has not been studied in younger children. Objectives: To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of ELX/TEZ/IVA in children with CF aged 2-5 years. Methods: In this phase 3, open-label, two-part study (parts A and B), children weighing <14 kg (on Day 1) received ELX 80 mg once daily (qd), TEZ 40 mg qd, and IVA 60 mg each morning and 59.5 mg each evening; children weighing ⩾14 kg received ELX 100 mg qd, TEZ 50 mg qd, and IVA 75 mg every 12 hours. Measurements and Main Results: The primary endpoints for part A (15-d treatment period) were pharmacokinetics and safety and tolerability. For part B (24-wk treatment period), the primary endpoint was safety and tolerability; secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics and absolute changes from baseline in sweat chloride concentration and lung clearance index2.5 (LCI2.5, defined as the number of lung turnovers required to reduce the end tidal N2 concentration to 2.5% of its starting value) through Week 24. Analysis of pharmacokinetic data from 18 children enrolled in part A confirmed the appropriateness of the part B dosing regimen. In part B, 75 children (F508del/minimal function genotypes, n = 52; F508del/F508del genotype, n = 23) were enrolled and dosed. Seventy-four children (98.7%) had adverse events, which were all mild (62.7%) or moderate (36.0%) in severity. The most common adverse events were cough, fever, and rhinorrhea. Decreases in sweat chloride concentration (-57.9 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], -61.3 to -54.6; n = 69) and LCI2.5 (-0.83 U; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.66; n = 50) were observed from baseline through Week 24. Mean body mass index was within the normal range at baseline and remained stable at Week 24. Conclusions: In this open-label study in children 2-5 years of age, ELX/TEZ/IVA treatment was generally safe and well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with that observed in older age groups, and led to clinically meaningful reductions in sweat chloride concentration and LCI2.5. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04537793).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordana E. Hoppe
- University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Associated Partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna A. McColley
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Bonnie Ramsey
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan H. Rayment
- University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Phil Robinson
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Florian Stehling
- Children’s Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Elizabeth Tullis
- St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Anna Chin
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Chenghao Chu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Mengdi Lu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Tao Niu
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | - Margaret Rosenfeld
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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Poormohammad A, Pourrahimi AM, Fathi M, Sardari S, Razavi MS, Bahrasemani MK, Mozaffary AM, Mazhari S. EEG-biomarker theta/beta ratio and attentional quotients in adults who stutter: An electrophysiological and behavioral study. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2812. [PMID: 36458625 PMCID: PMC9847594 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is increasing evidence that connects developmental stuttering to attention. However, findings have represented contradiction. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possible relationship between stuttering and attention in resting and undertask conditions. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, 26 right-handed AWS (adults who stutter) and 25 matched fluent speakers were enrolled. Demographic data were collected, and the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was filled out for all participants. Then, QEEG was conducted, followed by IVA2. CPT test for all subjects. Finally, data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16. RESULTS AWS indicated significantly weaker auditory focus attention in the task (p = .02) than the control group, while a similar resting-state EEG marker of attention was found between groups (p > .05). Moreover, attention was not correlated between the two conditions (p > .05). CONCLUSION The EEG marker of attention did not necessarily designate the attentional performance of AWS under the task. Furthermore, attentional skills could be considered in the assessment and therapeutic programs of at least some groups of AWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Poormohammad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Pourrahimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mazyar Fathi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Sardari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdiye Sarrafe Razavi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Anusheh Mosanen Mozaffary
- Department of Speech Therapy, Ibn-e-Sina Psychiatric Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Mazhari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Murko S, Aseman AD, Reinhardt F, Gramer G, Okun JG, Mütze U, Santer R. Neonatal screening for isovaleric aciduria: Reducing the increasingly high false-positive rate in Germany. JIMD Rep 2023; 64:114-120. [PMID: 36636590 PMCID: PMC9830014 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) for isovaleric acidemia (IVA) is performed by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry quantifying C5 carnitines (C5). Isovalerylcarnitine, however, is isomeric with pivaloylcarnitine which can be present in blood due to maternal use of pivaloylester-containing antibiotics, available in Germany since late 2016. During a 36-month period (January 19-December 21), all newborns screened in Hamburg with a C5 above cutoff (NeoGram®: 0.50 μmol/L or Neobase®2: 0.45 μmol/L) were included in the study. As a second-tier test, a simple ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to differentiate the C5 isomers pivaloyl-, 2-methylbutyryl-, isovaleryl-, and valerylcarnitine. Out of 156 772 newborns tested, one turned out to have genetically proven IVA while 99 were false positive (C5: 0.5-8.2 μmol/L) due to the presence of pivaloylcarnitine. These cases have increased year by year and show local clusters. Retrospective analysis of another 39 cases from 287 206 neonates tested at the NBS center in Heidelberg with C5 elevation (0.9-10.6 μmol/L) but clinical and biochemical exclusion of IVA yielded evidence of pivaloylcarnitine in all cases. Inclusion of a second-tier test into NBS significantly reduces the high and increasing false-positive rate of IVA screening. This avoids further diagnostic steps, prevents unnecessary stress and anxiety of parents in a remarkably high number of cases. If Hamburg data of 2021 are extrapolated to all of Germany, one can assume around 800 (1‰) false-positive cases in comparison to an average of two classic IVA cases per year. Unless licensing of pivaloylester-containing drugs for use during pregnancy is reconsidered, a second-tier test for C5 determination is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Murko
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Laboratory, Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Asra Dadkhah Aseman
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Laboratory, Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Friederike Reinhardt
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Laboratory, Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Gwendolyn Gramer
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Laboratory, Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jürgen Günther Okun
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Dietmar Hopp Metabolic Center, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine HeidelbergUniversity HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Ulrike Mütze
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Dietmar Hopp Metabolic Center, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine HeidelbergUniversity HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - René Santer
- Newborn Screening and Metabolic Laboratory, Department of PediatricsUniversity Medical Center EppendorfHamburgGermany
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Kagoné TS, Paré PG, Dembélé A, Kania D, Zida S, Bonané/Thiéba B, Ouédraogo A, Testa J, Simporé J, Méda N. Cervical cancer in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso: Results of a screening campaign by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA screening in Burkina Faso). Afr J Reprod Health 2022; 26:97-103. [PMID: 37585062 DOI: 10.29063/ajrh2022/v26i6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to describe the distribution of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix uteri, enumerated during a mass screening in Burkina Faso. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 577 women aged 18 to 60 years, carried out from November 23 to December 19, 2013, in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso and in the rural commune of Bama. Regarding the screening results, 89 participants (15.4%) were positive for pre-malignant cervical lesions. Chi-square testing and logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the likelihood of cervical pre-cancer lesion in the women. Participants less than 29 years old were approximately 3 times more likely to have cervical lesions than participants >39 years. Participants who were parous (1-3 deliveries) and multiparous (four or more deliveries) were approximately 4 times more likely to present with cervical lesions than nulliparous women. Access to screening services is low in the Bobo-Dioulasso region. Further research should be conducted to understand the incidence and distribution of cervical precancerous and cancerous lesions in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paton G Paré
- Ministry of Health, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Dembélé
- Polytechnic University of Bobo-Dioulasso, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Ali Ouédraogo
- University of Ouaga I Pr JOSEPH KY ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Akhonda MABS, Gabrielson B, Bhinge S, Calhoun VD, Adali T. Disjoint subspaces for common and distinct component analysis: Application to the fusion of multi-task FMRI data. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 358:109214. [PMID: 33957159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data-driven methods such as independent component analysis (ICA) makes very few assumptions on the data and the relationships of multiple datasets, and hence, are attractive for the fusion of medical imaging data. Two important extensions of ICA for multiset fusion are the joint ICA (jICA) and the multiset canonical correlation analysis and joint ICA (MCCA-jICA) techniques. Both approaches assume identical mixing matrices, emphasizing components that are common across the multiple datasets. However, in general, one would expect to have components that are both common across the datasets and distinct to each dataset. NEW METHOD We propose a general framework, disjoint subspace analysis using ICA (DS-ICA), which identifies and extracts not only the common but also the distinct components across multiple datasets. A key component of the method is the identification of these subspaces and their separation before subsequent analyses, which helps establish better model match and provides flexibility in algorithm and order choice. COMPARISON We compare DS-ICA with jICA and MCCA-jICA through both simulations and application to multiset functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) task data collected from healthy controls as well as patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS The results show DS-ICA estimates more components discriminative between healthy controls and patients than jICA and MCCA-jICA, and with higher discriminatory power showing activation differences in meaningful regions. When applied to a classification framework, components estimated by DS-ICA results in higher classification performance for different dataset combinations than the other two methods. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that DS-ICA is an effective method for fusion of multiple datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A B S Akhonda
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, 21250 MD, USA.
| | - Ben Gabrielson
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, 21250 MD, USA
| | - Suchita Bhinge
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, 21250 MD, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science, Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University, Atlanta, 30303 GA, USA
| | - Tülay Adali
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, 21250 MD, USA
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Sakanishi Y, Yasuda K, Morita S, Mashimo K, Tamaki K, Sakuma T, Ebihara N. Twenty-four-month results of intravitreal aflibercept for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2020; 65:63-68. [PMID: 33179193 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-020-00785-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate 24-month results of intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) for macular edema due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO-ME). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. METHODS Subjects were treatment-naïve BRVO-ME patients at the Ophthalmology Department of Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital from November 2015 to March 2017 who received IVA treatment for 24 months. After the first injection, reinjection was performed as needed when ME had recurred or was prolonged beyond 300 μm. Data included changes in best corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness, total number of injections, and the case background factors that required reinjection after 12 months. ME remission was defined as patients without additional injections for 6 months. RESULTS Forty eyes of 40 patients (64.5 ± 11.5 years), 21 men and 19 women, were included. Average best corrected visual acuity and central foveal thickness at baseline were logMAR 0.42 ± 0.21, 601.4 ± 181.3 μm, logMAR 0.08 ± 0.25, 214.6 ± 62.7 μm at 12 months, logMAR 0.02 ± 0.16, 216.6 ± 97.8 μm at 24 months, all significantly improved from baseline. The average number of injections was 2.2 ± 1.0 times in the first year and 0.4 ± 0.8 times in the second year. The rate of ME remission was 60.0% at 12 months and 87.5% at 24 months. Period between onset and injections was significantly associated with reinjection after 12 months (p =.030). CONCLUSIONS IVA was effective over 24 months for ME due to BRVO in many cases. Early injection treatment may reduce the need for later injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Sakanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Japan.
| | - Koichi Yasuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Syu Morita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Keitaro Mashimo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tamaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sakuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Japan
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10
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Borde D, Joshi P, Joshi S, Asegaonkar B, Apsingekar P, Khade S, Pande S, Agrawal A, Puranik M. Changes in Right Ventricular Function After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 35:811-819. [PMID: 32739088 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with poor outcomes after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to assess RV systolic and diastolic function in the perioperative period after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTINGS Tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS Thirty adult patients undergoing OPCAB. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Transthoracic echocardiography was performed twice: first preoperatively and second postoperatively, when patients were moved to wards. The following five parameters of RV systolic function were used: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), systolic tissue Doppler imaging of lateral tricuspid annulus (S'), fractional area change (FAC), RV myocardial performance index (RIMP), and isovolumic acceleration (IVA). Grading of RV diastolic function (RVDD) was done as per guidelines. Paired t test was used for comparing means and χ2 test was used for categorical and ordinal data. The parameters of RV longitudinal function (TAPSE and S') reduced significantly (preoperative 21.93 ± 2.80 mm and 13.24 ± 2.24 cm/s to postoperative 11.67 ± 1.91 mm and 10.31 ± 1.56 cm/s, respectively, p < 0.001), whereas parameters of RV global function (FAC, RIMP, and IVA) remained preserved (preoperative 46.75 ± 6.80%, 0.34 ± 0.06, and 4.66 ± 0.87 m/s2 to postoperative 46.21 ± 6.44%, 0.36 ± 0.06, and 4.37 ± 0.83 m/s2; p values of 0.76, 0.13, and 0.11, respectively). The median grade of RVDD worsened from normal in the preoperative period to pseudo-normal in the postoperative period (p < 0.001). The changes in both RV systolic and diastolic function were similar in patients with normal and reduced left ventricular systolic function. CONCLUSIONS RV function can be assessed in perioperative settings with two-dimensional and tissue Doppler imaging. For systolic function assessment, exclusive measurement of longitudinal parameters might be inadequate; use of complementary global parameters like FAC, RIMP, and IVA is essential to complete the RV assessment after OPCAB. RVDD worsened significantly after OPCABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Borde
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ozone Anesthesia Group, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Pooja Joshi
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ozone Anesthesia Group, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreedhar Joshi
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences, Narayana Hospitals, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Balaji Asegaonkar
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ozone Anesthesia Group, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pramod Apsingekar
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ozone Anesthesia Group, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sujeet Khade
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ozone Anesthesia Group, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swati Pande
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesia, Ozone Anesthesia Group, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashish Agrawal
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Seth Nandlal Dhoot Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Puranik
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Seth Nandlal Dhoot Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
Resting state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (rsfcMRI) has become a key component of investigations of neurocognitive and psychiatric behaviors. Over the past two decades, several methods and paradigms have been adopted to utilize and interpret data from resting-state fluctuations in the brain. These findings have increased our understanding of changes in many disease states. As the amount of resting state data available for research increases with big datasets and data-sharing projects, it is important to review the established traditional analysis methods and recognize areas where research methodology can be adapted to better accommodate the scale and complexity of rsfcMRI analysis. In this paper, we review established methods of analysis as well as areas that have been receiving increasing attention such as dynamic rsfcMRI, independent vector analysis, multiband rsfcMRI and network of networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Yang
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1(st) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Suril Gohel
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers University School of Health Professions, 65 Bergen Street, Newark, NJ 07107, USA
| | - Behroze Vachha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Rajabi S, Pakize A, Moradi N. Effect of combined neurofeedback and game-based cognitive training on the treatment of ADHD: A randomized controlled study. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2019; 9:193-205. [PMID: 30734583 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2018.1556101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) is referred to as a "possibly efficacious" treatment in the current evidence-based reviews; therefore, more research is needed to determine its effects especially in combination with other treatments. The present study examines the effect of NF and game-based cognitive training on children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thirty-two male students with ADHD were assigned to NF (N = 16; Mage=10.20; SD = 1.03) and waiting list control (N = 16; Mage = 10.05; SD = 0.83) in a randomized double-blind trial. The children in the NF group based on quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) attended 30 three times-weekly sessions. The children were examined in pretest and post-test with EEG, Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance (IVA), and Conners Parent, and Teacher Rating Scales-Revised. The treatment was found significant all the symptom variables except for attention deficit (AD) and auditory response control (ARC). Normalization of the atypical EEG features with reduced [Formula: see text] wave and increased sensory motor (SMR) activity in central zero (Cz) was recorded in the NF condition participants. However, except for SMR activity there were no significant changes in the waves of frontocentral zero (FCz). It is concluded that technology developments provide an interesting vehicle for interposing interventions and that combined NF and game-based cognitive training can produce positive therapeutic effects on brainwaves and ADHD symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soran Rajabi
- General Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Pakize
- General Psychology, Persian Gulf University, Boushehr, Iran
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13
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Bhat KA, Kakaji M, Awasthi A, Shukla M, Dubey M, Srivastava R, Singh U, Gupta SK. High Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Morphometric Vertebral Fractures in Indian Males Aged 60 Years and Above: Should Age for Screening Be Lowered? J Clin Densitom 2018; 21:517-523. [PMID: 27914693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current guidelines recommend bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in asymptomatic men above age 70 years and vertebral fracture (VF) assessment above 80 years with T-score <-1.0 with risk factors. We studied the prevalence of osteoporosis and morphometric VF in asymptomatic males aged 60 years and above in North India. Free-living community-dwelling men (n = 241, age: mean ± standard deviation 68.0 ± 6.2 years) underwent a detailed history, physical examination, biochemical evaluation, and BMD measurements at 3 sites: lumbar spine, total hip (TH), and femoral neck (FN). Morphometric VF were assessed by instant vertebral assessment using Genant et al's semiquantitative method. We observed osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal BMD in 19%, 56%, and 25% of subjects, respectively. The decade wise prevalence of osteoporosis in the age groups 60-70 years, 71-80 years, and >80 years was 16.9%, 17%, and 50%, respectively. Mean serum 25OHD levels were 17.2 ± 10.3 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (plasma intact parathyroid hormone >65 ng/mL) were present in 68.8% and 45.4%, respectively. VF were present in 29.6% subjects (grade I: 58%, grade II: 32.4%, and grade III: 8.8%). Age and iPTH had significant negative correlation with BMD at FN and TH. Serum 25OHD had no correlation with BMD at any site. The prevalence of VF was positively associated with age (p = 0.018) and negatively associated with BMD at FN (p = 0.002) and TH (p = 0.013). Osteoporosis and VF are common in asymptomatic Indian males aged 60 years and above. Screening for osteoporosis and instant vertebral assessment may be recommended earlier than currently existing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid A Bhat
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Manisha Kakaji
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ashish Awasthi
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Manoj Shukla
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Manoj Dubey
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Rajesh Srivastava
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Uttam Singh
- Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sushil K Gupta
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India.
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Chen X, Liu A, Chen Q, Liu Y, Zou L, McKeown MJ. Simultaneous ocular and muscle artifact removal from EEG data by exploiting diverse statistics. Comput Biol Med 2017; 88:1-10. [PMID: 28658649 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings are frequently contaminated by both ocular and muscle artifacts. These are normally dealt with separately, by employing blind source separation (BSS) techniques relying on either second-order or higher-order statistics (SOS & HOS respectively). When HOS-based methods are used, it is usually in the setting of assuming artifacts are statistically independent to the EEG. When SOS-based methods are used, it is assumed that artifacts have autocorrelation characteristics distinct from the EEG. In reality, ocular and muscle artifacts do not completely follow the assumptions of strict temporal independence to the EEG nor completely unique autocorrelation characteristics, suggesting that exploiting HOS or SOS alone may be insufficient to remove these artifacts. Here we employ a novel BSS technique, independent vector analysis (IVA), to jointly employ HOS and SOS simultaneously to remove ocular and muscle artifacts. Numerical simulations and application to real EEG recordings were used to explore the utility of the IVA approach. IVA was superior in isolating both ocular and muscle artifacts, especially for raw EEG data with low signal-to-noise ratio, and also integrated usually separate SOS and HOS steps into a single unified step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Department of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China.
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Pacific Parkinsons Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
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15
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Sakanishi Y, Usui-Ouchi A, Tamaki K, Mashimo K, Ito R, Ebihara N. Short-term outcomes in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion who received intravitreal aflibercept with or without intravitreal ranibizumab. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:829-834. [PMID: 28496301 PMCID: PMC5422553 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s133594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the short-term outcomes for patients who received intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) with or without intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) for macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Patients and methods Patients received IVA for ME due to BRVO. Patients who initially received IVA were defined as the treatment-naïve group and those who were switched from IVR to IVA after ME recurrence were defined as the switching group. Patient outcomes were examined at 1 week and 1 month postinjection. Results Both groups comprised 27 eyes from 27 patients. There was a significant decrease in central macular thickness (CMT) at 1 week and 1 month postinjection in both groups. There was also a significant improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 week and 1 month postinjection in the treatment-naïve group and 1 month in the switching group. Younger age was associated with a good BCVA at 1 month postinjection in the switching group, and the absence of epiretinal membrane was associated with a reduction in CMT at 1 month postinjection in the switching group. Conclusion IVA is temporarily effective for treating ME due to BRVO regardless of a history of IVR use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Sakanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Usui-Ouchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tamaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keitaro Mashimo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Rei Ito
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu City, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Gopal S, Miller RL, Baum SA, Calhoun VD. Approaches to Capture Variance Differences in Rest fMRI Networks in the Spatial Geometric Features: Application to Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:85. [PMID: 27013947 PMCID: PMC4779907 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of functionally connected regions while at rest has been at the forefront of research focusing on understanding interactions between different brain regions. Studies have utilized a variety of approaches including seed based as well as data-driven approaches to identifying such networks. Most such techniques involve differentiating groups based on group mean measures. There has been little work focused on differences in spatial characteristics of resting fMRI data. We present a method to identify between group differences in the variability in the cluster characteristics of network regions within components estimated via independent vector analysis (IVA). IVA is a blind source separation approach shown to perform well in capturing individual subject variability within a group model. We evaluate performance of the approach using simulations and then apply to a relatively large schizophrenia data set (82 schizophrenia patients and 89 healthy controls). We postulate, that group differences in the intra-network distributional characteristics of resting state network voxel intensities might indirectly capture important distinctions between the brain function of healthy and clinical populations. Results demonstrate that specific areas of the brain, superior, and middle temporal gyrus that are involved in language and recognition of emotions, show greater component level variance in amplitude weights for schizophrenia patients than healthy controls. Statistically significant correlation between component level spatial variance and component volume was observed in 19 of the 27 non-artifactual components implying an evident relationship between the two parameters. Additionally, the greater spread in the distance of the cluster peak of a component from the centroid in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls was observed for seven components. These results indicate that there is hidden potential in exploring variance and possibly higher-order measures in resting state networks to better understand diseases such as schizophrenia. It furthers comprehension of how spatial characteristics can highlight previously unexplored differences between populations such as schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gopal
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochester, NY, USA; The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Stefi A Baum
- Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochester, NY, USA; Faculty of Science, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New MexicoAlbuquerque, NM, USA
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17
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Gopal S, Miller RL, Michael A, Adali T, Cetin M, Rachakonda S, Bustillo JR, Cahill N, Baum SA, Calhoun VD. Spatial Variance in Resting fMRI Networks of Schizophrenia Patients: An Independent Vector Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:152-60. [PMID: 26106217 PMCID: PMC4681547 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Spatial variability in resting functional MRI (fMRI) brain networks has not been well studied in schizophrenia, a disease known for both neurodevelopmental and widespread anatomic changes. Motivated by abundant evidence of neuroanatomical variability from previous studies of schizophrenia, we draw upon a relatively new approach called independent vector analysis (IVA) to assess this variability in resting fMRI networks. IVA is a blind-source separation algorithm, which segregates fMRI data into temporally coherent but spatially independent networks and has been shown to be especially good at capturing spatial variability among subjects in the extracted networks. We introduce several new ways to quantify differences in variability of IVA-derived networks between schizophrenia patients (SZs = 82) and healthy controls (HCs = 89). Voxelwise amplitude analyses showed significant group differences in the spatial maps of auditory cortex, the basal ganglia, the sensorimotor network, and visual cortex. Tests for differences (HC-SZ) in the spatial variability maps suggest, that at rest, SZs exhibit more activity within externally focused sensory and integrative network and less activity in the default mode network thought to be related to internal reflection. Additionally, tests for difference of variance between groups further emphasize that SZs exhibit greater network variability. These results, consistent with our prediction of increased spatial variability within SZs, enhance our understanding of the disease and suggest that it is not just the amplitude of connectivity that is different in schizophrenia, but also the consistency in spatial connectivity patterns across subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Gopal
- Chester F. Carlson Center of Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY; The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM;
| | | | | | - Tulay Adali
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mustafa Cetin
- Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Juan R. Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Nathan Cahill
- Center for Applied and Computational Mathematics in the School of Mathematical Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY
| | - Stefi A. Baum
- Chester F. Carlson Center of Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Computer Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM;,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
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18
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Laney J, Adalı T, McCombe Waller S, Westlake KP. Quantifying motor recovery after stroke using independent vector analysis and graph-theoretical analysis. Neuroimage Clin 2015; 8:298-304. [PMID: 26106554 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of neuroplasticity after stroke through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis is a developing field where the objective is to better understand the neural process of recovery and to better target rehabilitation interventions. The challenge in this population stems from the large amount of individual spatial variability and the need to summarize entire brain maps by generating simple, yet discriminating features to highlight differences in functional connectivity. Independent vector analysis (IVA) has been shown to provide superior performance in preserving subject variability when compared with widely used methods such as group independent component analysis. Hence, in this paper, graph-theoretical (GT) analysis is applied to IVA-generated components to effectively exploit the individual subjects' connectivity to produce discriminative features. The analysis is performed on fMRI data collected from individuals with chronic stroke both before and after a 6-week arm and hand rehabilitation intervention. Resulting GT features are shown to capture connectivity changes that are not evident through direct comparison of the group t-maps. The GT features revealed increased small worldness across components and greater centrality in key motor networks as a result of the intervention, suggesting improved efficiency in neural communication. Clinically, these results bring forth new possibilities as a means to observe the neural processes underlying improvements in motor function. IVA is used to capture subject variability, which is considerable in stroke data. We quantify post-rehabilitation improvements using graph-theoretical features. Motor recovery shown through centrality calculations and task correlation Graph theory is shown to discriminate between groups better than t-maps.
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Laney J, Westlake KP, Ma S, Woytowicz E, Calhoun VD, Adalı T. Capturing subject variability in fMRI data: A graph-theoretical analysis of GICA vs. IVA. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 247:32-40. [PMID: 25797843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies using simulated functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data show that independent vector analysis (IVA) is a superior solution for capturing spatial subject variability when compared with the widely used group independent component analysis (GICA). Retaining such variability is of fundamental importance for identifying spatially localized group differences in intrinsic brain networks. NEW METHODS Few studies on capturing subject variability and order selection have evaluated real fMRI data. Comparison of multivariate components generated by multiple algorithms is not straightforward. The main difficulties are finding concise methods to extract meaningful features and comparing multiple components despite lack of a ground truth. In this paper, we present a graph-theoretical (GT) approach to effectively compare the ability of multiple multivariate algorithms to capture subject variability for real fMRI data for effective group comparisons. The GT approach is applied to components generated from fMRI data, collected from individuals with stroke, before and after a rehabilitation intervention. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD IVA is compared with widely used GICA for the purpose of group discrimination in terms of GT features. In addition, masks are applied for motor related components generated by both algorithms. CONCLUSIONS Results show that IVA better captures subject variability producing more activated voxels and generating components with less mutual information in the spatial domain than Group ICA. IVA-generated components result in smaller p-values and clearer trends in GT features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Laney
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
| | - Kelly P Westlake
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sai Ma
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | | | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Tülay Adalı
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
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20
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Arble E, Kuentzel J, Barnett D. Convergent validity of the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test ( IVA+Plus): associations with working memory, processing speed, and behavioral ratings. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2014; 29:300-12. [PMID: 24687587 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Though the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA + Plus) is commonly used by researchers and clinicians, few investigations have assessed its convergent and discriminant validity, especially with regard to its use with children. The present study details correlates of the IVA + Plus using measures of cognitive ability and ratings of child behavior (parent and teacher), drawing upon a sample of 90 psychoeducational evaluations. Scores from the IVA + Plus correlated significantly with the Working Memory and Processing Speed Indexes from the Fourth Edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV), though fewer and weaker significant correlations were seen with behavior ratings scales, and significant associations also occurred with WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Reasoning. The overall pattern of relations is supportive of the validity of the IVA + Plus; however, general cognitive ability was associated with better performance on most of the primary scores of the IVA + Plus, suggesting that interpretation should take intelligence into account.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and significance of myocardial dysfunction in children with septic shock. STUDY DESIGN Thirty patients with septic shock were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography within 24 hours of admission to a pediatric critical care unit. Transthoracic echocardiography evaluation included left ventricular (LV) size and function, mitral valve inflow velocities in early and late diastole, mitral valve annular velocities in systole and early and late diastole, and LV myocardial performance index. LV systolic dysfunction was defined as an ejection fraction or shortening fraction z-score <-2, and LV diastolic dysfunction was defined as a mitral valve inflow velocity/annular velocity in early diastole ratio z-score >2. Secondary outcomes included troponin I concentration, acute kidney injury, and 28-day mechanical ventilation-free duration. RESULTS Mortality for the 30 patients (mean age, 9.5 ± 7 years) was 7%. The prevalence of LV systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction was 53% (16 of 30). Eleven patients (37%) had systolic dysfunction, 10 (33%) had diastolic dysfunction, and 5 (17%) had both. Systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction was significantly associated with troponin I level (P = .007) and acute kidney injury (P = .02), but not with ventilation-free duration (P = .12). Kaplan-Meier analyses for pediatric critical care unit and hospital length of stay identified no differences between patients with and those without myocardial dysfunction. CONCLUSION Myocardial dysfunction occurs frequently in children with septic shock but might not affect hospital length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Raj
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.
| | - James S Killinger
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Jennifer A Gonzalez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Leo Lopez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
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Sase A, Brückner H, Höger H, Pollak A, Lubec G. Behavioral effects of alpha-alkylated amino acid analogs in the C57BL/6J mouse. Behav Brain Res 2013; 252:432-8. [PMID: 23756141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although a series of amino acid analogs have been shown to modulate brain function, information on the pharmacology of alpha-alkylated amino acids (AAAA) is limited. In particular there is no information on the effect of these amino acid analogs (AAA) on the elevated plus maze, the tail suspension test and the forced swim test. It was therefore the aim of the study to test a series of AAAA in these paradigms in order to explore behavioral activities of this compound class. 10 male mice per group aged between 10 and 14 weeks were used. Vehicle-treated controls were used in addition to intraperitoneal injections of 1, 10 and 100mg/kg body weight of each, alpha-amino-isobutyic acid (AIB), isovaline (IVA), alpha-propyl-alanine (APA), alpha-butyl-alanine (ABA), alpha-pentyl-alanine (APnA), alpha-ethylphenylglycine (AEPG) and alpha-methyl-valine (AMV). The elevated plus maze (EPM), the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swim test (FST) were used for behavioral testing. There were dose-dependent results: all compounds increased time and pathlength in the open arm of the EPM at least at one dose administered. In the TST and in the FST only the 100mg dose was showing an effect. The results show pharmacological activity modifying the EPM in low doses suggesting the use in treatment of behavioral traits and symptoms represented by or linked to the EPM including anxiety-related behavior including depression. Compounds acting at higher doses may be used to induce behavioral changes and thus serve as neurobiological-neuropharmacological tools.
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Van Calcar SC, Baker MW, Williams P, Jones SA, Xiong B, Thao MC, Lee S, Yang MK, Rice GM, Rhead W, Vockley J, Hoffman G, Durkin MS. Prevalence and mutation analysis of short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD) detected on newborn screening in Wisconsin. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:111-5. [PMID: 23712021 PMCID: PMC5006389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Short/branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SBCADD), also called 2-methylbutyryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (2-MBCDD), is a disorder of l-isoleucine metabolism of uncertain clinical significance. SBCADD is inadvertently detected on expanded newborn screening by elevated 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine (C5), which has the same mass to charge (m/s) on tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) as isovalerylcarnitine (C5), an analyte that is elevated in isovaleric acidemia (IVA), a disorder in leucine metabolism. SBCADD cases identified in the Hmong-American population have been found in association with the c.1165 A>G mutation in the ACADSB gene. The purposes of this study were to: (a) estimate the prevalence of SBCADD and carrier frequency of the c.1165 A>G mutation in the Hmong ethnic group; (b) determine whether the c.1165 A>G mutation is common to all Hmong newborns screening positive for SBCADD; and (c) evaluate C5 acylcarnitine cut-off values to detect and distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. During the first 10years of expanded newborn screening using MS/MS in Wisconsin (2001-2011), 97 infants had elevated C5 values (≥0.44μmol/L), of whom five were Caucasian infants confirmed to have IVA. Of the remaining 92 confirmed SBCADD cases, 90 were of Hmong descent. Mutation analysis was completed on an anonymous, random sample of newborn screening cards (n=1139) from Hmong infants. Fifteen infants, including nine who had screened positive for SBCADD based on a C5 acylcarnitine concentration ≥0.44μmol/L, were homozygous for the c.1165 A>G mutation. This corresponds to a prevalence in this ethnic group of being homozygous for the mutation of 1.3% (95% confidence interval 0.8-2.2%) and of being heterozygous for the mutation of 21.8% (95% confidence interval 19.4-24.3%), which is consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Detection of homozygous individuals who were not identified on newborn screening suggests that the C5 screening cut-off would need to be as low as 0.20μmol/L to detect all infants homozygous for the ACADSB c.1165 A>G mutation. However, lowering the screening cut-off to 0.20 would also result in five "false positive" (non-homozygous) screening results in the Hmong population for every c.1165 A>G homozygote detected. Increasing the cut-off to 0.60μmol/L and requiring elevated C5/C2 (acetylcarnitine) and C5/C3 (propionylcarnitine) ratios to flag a screen as abnormal would reduce the number of infants screening positive, but would still result in an estimated 5 infants with SBCADD per year who would require follow-up and additional biochemical testing to distinguish between SBCADD and IVA diagnoses. Further research is needed to determine the clinical outcomes of SBCADD detected on newborn screening and the c.1165 A>G mutation before knowing whether the optimal screening cut-off would minimize true positives or false negatives for SBCADD associated with this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Van Calcar
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mei W. Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phillip Williams
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan A. Jones
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Blia Xiong
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Choua Thao
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sheng Lee
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mai Khou Yang
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Greg M. Rice
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William Rhead
- Genetics Clinic, Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Hoffman
- Newborn Screening Program, Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maureen S. Durkin
- Biochemical Genetics Program, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Corresponding author at: Population Heath Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA., Fax: +1 608 263 2820., (M.S. Durkin)
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Silva Miguel L, Rocha E, Ferreira J. [Economic evaluation of dabigatran for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation]. Rev Port Cardiol 2013; 32:557-65. [PMID: 23890991 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To estimate the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of dabigatran in the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Portugal. METHODOLOGY A Markov model was used to simulate patients' clinical course, estimating the occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, and intra- and extracranial hemorrhage. The clinical parameters are based on the results of the RE-LY trial, which compared dabigatran with warfarin, and on a meta-analysis that estimated the risk of each event in patients treated with aspirin or with no antithrombotic therapy. RESULTS Dabigatran provides an increase of 0.331 life years and 0.354 quality-adjusted life years for each patient. From a societal perspective, these clinical gains entail an additional expenditure of 2978 euros. Thus, the incremental cost is 9006 euros per life year gained and 8409 euros per quality-adjusted life year. CONCLUSIONS The results show that dabigatran reduces the number of events, especially the most severe such as ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, as well as their long-term sequelae. The expense of dabigatran is partially offset by lower event-related costs and by the fact that INR monitoring is unnecessary. It can thus be concluded that the use of dabigatran in clinical practice in Portugal is cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Silva Miguel
- Centro de Investigação Sobre Economia Portuguesa, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Yaniv Y, Sirenko S, Ziman BD, Spurgeon HA, Maltsev VA, Lakatta EG. New evidence for coupled clock regulation of the normal automaticity of sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cells: bradycardic effects of ivabradine are linked to suppression of intracellular Ca²⁺ cycling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:80-9. [PMID: 23651631 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beneficial clinical bradycardic effects of ivabradine (IVA) have been interpreted solely on the basis of If inhibition, because IVA specifically inhibits If in sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cells (SANC). However, it has been recently hypothesized that SANC normal automaticity is regulated by crosstalk between an "M clock," the ensemble of surface membrane ion channels, and a "Ca(2+) clock," the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We tested the hypothesis that crosstalk between the two clocks regulates SANC automaticity, and that indirect suppression of the Ca(2+) clock further contributes to IVA-induced bradycardia. IVA (3 μM) not only reduced If amplitude by 45 ± 6% in isolated rabbit SANC, but the IVA-induced slowing of the action potential (AP) firing rate was accompanied by reduced SR Ca(2+) load, slowed intracellular Ca(2+) cycling kinetics, and prolonged the period of spontaneous local Ca(2+) releases (LCRs) occurring during diastolic depolarization. Direct and specific inhibition of SERCA2 by cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) had effects similar to IVA on LCR period and AP cycle length. Specifically, the LCR period and AP cycle length shift toward longer times almost equally by either direct perturbations of the M clock (IVA) or the Ca(2+) clock (CPA), indicating that the LCR period reports the crosstalk between the clocks. Our numerical model simulations predict that entrainment between the two clocks that involves a reduction in INCX during diastolic depolarization is required to explain the experimentally AP firing rate reduction by IVA. In summary, our study provides new evidence that a coupled-clock system regulates normal cardiac pacemaker cell automaticity. Thus, IVA-induced bradycardia includes a suppression of both clocks within this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Yaniv
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, NIH, 5600 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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