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Guidi J, Brakemeier EL, Bockting CLH, Cosci F, Cuijpers P, Jarrett RB, Linden M, Marks I, Peretti CS, Rafanelli C, Rief W, Schneider S, Schnyder U, Sensky T, Tomba E, Vazquez C, Vieta E, Zipfel S, Wright JH, Fava GA. Methodological Recommendations for Trials of Psychological Interventions. Psychother Psychosom 2018; 87:276-284. [PMID: 30007961 DOI: 10.1159/000490574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen major developments in psychotherapy research that suggest the need to address critical methodological issues. These recommendations, developed by an international group of researchers, do not replace those for randomized controlled trials, but rather supplement strategies that need to be taken into account when considering psychological treatments. The limitations of traditional taxonomy and assessment methods are outlined, with suggestions for consideration of staging methods. Active psychotherapy control groups are recommended, and adaptive and dismantling study designs offer important opportunities. The treatments that are used, and particularly their specific ingredients, need to be described in detail for both the experimental and the control groups. Assessment should be performed blind before and after treatment and at long-term follow-up. A combination of observer- and self-rated measures is recommended. Side effects of psychotherapy should be evaluated using appropriate methods. Finally, the number of participants who deteriorate after treatment should be noted according to the methods that were used to define response or remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Guidi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva-Lotta Brakemeier
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Academia Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin B Jarrett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Linden
- Department of Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaac Marks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Imperial College London and Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S Peretti
- Department of Adult Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, APHP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Winfried Rief
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatments, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Schneider
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Center (MHRTC), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schnyder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tom Sensky
- Centre for Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Tomba
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmelo Vazquez
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jesse H Wright
- Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Fava GA, Tomba E, Bech P. Clinical Pharmacopsychology: Conceptual Foundations and Emerging Tasks. Psychother Psychosom 2018; 86:134-140. [PMID: 28490035 DOI: 10.1159/000458458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this critical review was to outline emerging trends and perspectives of clinical pharmacopsychology, an area of clinical psychology that is concerned with the psychological effects of medications. The historical development of clinical pharmacopsychology is outlined, with discussion of its most representative expressions and reference to current challenges of clinical research, with particular reference to clinimetrics. The domains of clinical pharmacopsychology encompass the clinical benefits of psychotropic drugs, the characteristics that predict responsiveness to treatment, the vulnerabilities induced by treatment (side effects, behavioral toxicity, iatrogenic comorbidity), and the interactions between drug treatment and psychological variables. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the clinical important changes that are concerned with (a) wanted and expected treatment effects, (b) treatment-induced unwanted side effects, and (c) the patient's own personal experience of a change in terms of well-being and/or quality of life. Clinical pharmacopsychology offers a unifying framework for the understanding of clinical phenomena in medical and psychiatric settings. Research in this area deserves high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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