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Deconinck E, Raimondo M, Borioni A, Grange Y, Rebière H, Mihailova A, Bøyum O, Maurin JK, Pioruńska-Sędłak K, Olsen LS, Acevska J, Brezovska K, Rundlöf T, Portela MJ, Meieranz S, Miquel M, Bertrand M. Clustering of Tadalafil API Samples According to their Manufacturer in the Context of API Falsification Detection. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2834-2842. [PMID: 37220827 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) fingerprint study, organised by the General European Official Medicines Control Laboratory Network (GEON), on tadalafil. A classical market surveillance study, evaluating compliance to the European Pharmacopoeia, was combined with a fingerprint study, the latter to obtain characteristic data for the different manufacturers, allowing the network laboratories to conduct authenticity tests for future samples, as well as to detect substandard and falsified samples. In total, 46 tadalafil API samples from 13 different manufacturers were collected. For all samples fingerprint data was collected through analysis of impurities and residual solvents, mass spectrometric screening, X-ray powder diffraction and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Chemometric analysis revealed that all manufacturers could be characterised based on the impurity, residual solvent and 1H-NMR data. Future suspicious samples in the network will therefore be analysed with these techniques in order to attribute the sample to one of the manufacturers. If the sample cannot be attributed, a more profound investigation will be necessary to reveal the origin of the sample. In cases where the suspect sample is claimed to be from one of the manufacturers included in this study, analysis can be limited to the test distinguishing that manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Deconinck
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - M Raimondo
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A Borioni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Y Grange
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), Laboratory Controls Division, 635 Rue de la Garenne, F-34740, Vendargues, France
| | - H Rebière
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), Laboratory Controls Division, 635 Rue de la Garenne, F-34740, Vendargues, France
| | - A Mihailova
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Norwegian Medicines Agency, Grensesvingen 26, NO-0663, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Bøyum
- Norwegian Medicines Agency, Grensesvingen 26, NO-0663, Oslo, Norway
| | - J K Maurin
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska str., 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Pioruńska-Sędłak
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska str., 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Stengelshøj Olsen
- Danish Medicines Agency, Medicines Control and Inspection Division, Axel Heides Gade 1, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - J Acevska
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Center for Drug Quality Control, Institute of applied chemistry and pharmaceutical analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Majka Tereza 47, POB 36, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - K Brezovska
- Center for Drug Quality Control, Institute of applied chemistry and pharmaceutical analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Majka Tereza 47, POB 36, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - T Rundlöf
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Swedish Medical Products Agency, Laboratory, Box 26, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 42, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M J Portela
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; INFARMED - Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, I.P. Parque de Saúde de Lisboa - Avenida do Brasil, 53, 1749-004, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Meieranz
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg - Institut für Lebensmittel, Arzneimittel, Tierseuchen und Umwelt, Rudower Chaussee 39, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Miquel
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - M Bertrand
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
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Deconinck E, Courselle P, Raimondo M, Grange Y, Rebière H, Mihailova A, Bøyum O, Maurin JK, Pioruńska-Sędłak K, Olsen LS, Acevska J, Brezovska K, Rundlöf T, Portela MJ, Bertrand M. GEONs API fingerprint project: Selection of analytical techniques for clustering of sildenafil citrate API samples. Talanta 2021; 239:123123. [PMID: 34942486 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Through its Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Working Group (API-WG) the General European Official Medicines Control Laboratory (OMCL) Network (GEON), co-ordinated by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), regularly organises market surveillance studies for specific APIs for conformity to their monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia. During the past years some studies were combined with a fingerprint study of the APIs. The idea is to obtain a fingerprint for each manufacturer of the API under investigation, allowing the OMCL network to identify future samples as well as to detect substandard and falsified APIs. This paper reports the results of the latest fingerprint study, organised on sildenafil citrate API samples. Seventy-nine samples from 14 different manufacturers were collected throughout the Network. Fingerprint data was collected through Mid-Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, liquid chromatography for related substances, gas chromatography for residual solvents, X-ray diffraction and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chemometrics applied to the collected data showed that all manufacturers could be discriminated based on the data of only three of these tests, i.e. gas chromatography for residual solvents, X-ray diffraction and proton NMR. Suspicious API samples for sildenafil citrate will therefore be analysed in the future with the selected techniques in order to link the sample to a manufacturer or demonstrate the absence of such link. If the sample cannot be attributed to one of the manufacturers, further analysis and research on provenance and identity will be required. Of course, if the suspected sample claims to originate from one of the manufacturers included in the study, analysis can be limited to the test distinguishing this manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Deconinck
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - P Courselle
- Scientific Direction Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Service of Medicines and Health Products, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Raimondo
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Istituto Superiore di Sanità, National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Chemical Medicines Unit, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Y Grange
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, Laboratory Controls Division, 635 Rue de la Garenne, 34740, Vendargues, France
| | - H Rebière
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety, Laboratory Controls Division, 635 Rue de la Garenne, 34740, Vendargues, France
| | - A Mihailova
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Norwegian Medicines Agency, Grensesvingen 26, NO-0663, Oslo, Norway
| | - O Bøyum
- Norwegian Medicines Agency, Grensesvingen 26, NO-0663, Oslo, Norway
| | - J K Maurin
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Pioruńska-Sędłak
- National Medicines Institute, 30/34 Chelmska Str., 00-725, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Stengelshøj Olsen
- Danish Medicines Agency, Medicines Control and Inspection Division, Axel Heides Gade 1, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - J Acevska
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Center for Drug Quality Control, Institute of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss.Cyril and Methodius, Majka Tereza 47, POB 36, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North-Macedonia
| | - K Brezovska
- Center for Drug Quality Control, Institute of Applied Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Ss.Cyril and Methodius, Majka Tereza 47, POB 36, 1000, Skopje, Republic of North-Macedonia
| | - T Rundlöf
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; Swedish Medical Products Agency, Laboratory, Box 26, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 42, SE-751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M J Portela
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France; INFARMED, Autoridade Nacional Do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, I.P. Parque de Saúde de Lisboa, Avenida Do Brasil, 531749-004, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Bertrand
- OMCL Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Working Group, GEON Network, EDQM - Council of Europe, 7 Allée Kastner, CS 30026, F-67081, Strasbourg, France
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