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Li YP, Pan ZW, Jiang YJ, Peng YY, Cai T, Hong H, Wang XF. Zirconium-containing nanoscale coordination polymers for positron emission tomography and fluorescence-guided cargo delivery to triple-negative breast tumors. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00123-5. [PMID: 38490483 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) is a class of hybrid materials formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands through coordination. The applications of NCP in biomedicine are quite extensive due to the diversity choice of metal ions and organic ligands. Here we designed Zr-P1 NCP based on Zr4+ selected as metal ion nodes and tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) ethylene as bridging ligands. Zr-P1 NCP was modified with functionalized pyrene derived polyethylene glycol (Py-PAA-PEG-Mal) on the surface and further conjugated with cRGD for active targeting of integrin αvβ3 overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer. Doxorubicin was loaded on Zr-P1 NCP with encapsulation efficiency up to 22 % for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer. 89Zr-P1 NCP can be used for in vivo tumor imaging due to the fluorescence properties resulting from the enhanced aggregation-induced Emission (AIE) behavior of P1 ligands and its positron emission tomography (PET) capability. Cellular evaluation indicated that the functionalized Zr-P1@PEG-RGD presented a good function for tumor cell targeting imaging and doxorubicin could be targeted to triple negative breast cancer when it was loaded onto Zr-P1@PEG-RGD, which corroborated with the in vivo results. In summary, 89Zr-P1@PEG-RGD can serve as a biocompatible nanoplatform for fluorescence and PET image-guided cargo delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) is a class of hybrid materials formed by self-assembly of metal ions and organic ligands through coordination. The diversity of available metals and ligand structures upon NCP synthesis plays an advantage in establishing multimodal imaging platforms. Here we designed 89Zr-P1@PEG-RGD NCP based on Zr4+ selected as metal ion nodes and tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) ethylene as bridging ligands. 89Zr-P1@PEG-RGD nanomaterials have positron emission tomography (PET) capability due to the incorporation of zirconium-89, which can be used for in vivo tumor imaging with high sensitivity. The chemotherapeutic drug DOX was loaded on Zr-P1 NCP for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer, and dual modality imaging can provide visual guidance for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zi-Wen Pan
- Excellent Science and Technology innovation Group of Jiangsu Province, College of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Yan-Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ya-Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- Excellent Science and Technology innovation Group of Jiangsu Province, College of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
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Thangavel K, Lakshmikuttyamma A, Thangavel C, Shoyele SA. CD44-targeted, indocyanine green-paclitaxel-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles for potential image-guided drug delivery. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112162. [PMID: 34752986 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of multifunctional nanomedicines for image-guided drug delivery is currently being universally evaluated as a means of efficiently managing cancers and other diseases. In this study we evaluated the potential of an indocyanine green (ICG) and paclitaxel (PTX) loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles that was conjugated with hyaluronic acid for use in image-guided drug delivery targeted to CD44-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Series of NSCLC cell lines were evaluated for the expression of CD44 using both western blot analysis and qRT-PCR and compared to a normal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). Using Fluorescence microscopy and photoacoustic imaging (PA), we explored the ability of these targeted nanoparticles to selectively accumulate in NSCLC cell lines in comparison to MRC-5 and their potential for biomedical imaging towards their use for theranostic application. Results obtained suggest that these targeted nanoparticles have potential for application in both imaging and treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Thangavel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, USA; Department of Dermatology, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, USA
| | - Asha Lakshmikuttyamma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, USA; Department of Dermatology, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, USA
| | | | - Sunday A Shoyele
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, USA; Department of Dermatology, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, USA.
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Zhang W, Dang G, Dong J, Li Y, Jiao P, Yang M, Zou X, Cao Y, Ji H, Dong L. A multifunctional nanoplatform based on graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots for imaging-guided and tumor-targeted chemo-photodynamic combination therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 199:111549. [PMID: 33388720 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots (g-CNQDs) have shown great potential in imaging, drug delivery and photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, relevant research on g-CNQDs for PDT or drug delivery has been conducted separately. Herein, we develop a g-CNQDs-based nanoplatform (g-CPFD) to achieve simultaneously imaging and chemo-photodynamic combination therapy in one system. A g-CNQDs-based nanocarrier (g-CPF) is first prepared by successively introducing carboxyamino-terminated oligomeric polyethylene glycol and folic acid onto the surface of g-CNQDs via two-step amidation. The resultant g-CPF possesses good physiological stability, strong blue fluorescence, desirable biocompatibility, and visible light-stimulated reactive oxygen species generating ability. Further non-covalently loaded doxorubicin enables the system with chemotherapy function. Compared with free doxorubicin, g-CPFD expresses more efficient chemotherapy to HeLa cells due to improved folate receptor-mediated cellular uptake and intracellular pH-triggered drug release. Furthermore, g-CPFD under visible light irradiation shows enhanced inhibition on the growth of cancer cells compared to sole chemotherapy or PDT. Thus, g-CPFD exhibits exceptional anti-tumor efficiency due to folate receptor-mediated targeting ability, intracellular pH-triggered drug release and a combined treatment effect arising from PDT and chemotherapy. Moreover, this nanoplatform benefits imaging-guided drug delivery because of inherent fluorescent properties of doxorubicin and g-CPF, hence achieving the goal of imaging-guided chemo-photodynamic combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Zhang
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Guangyao Dang
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Jian Dong
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Life Science Research Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cerebral Microcirculation in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Xianwen Zou
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Yutao Cao
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Haiwei Ji
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China
| | - Lifeng Dong
- Institute of Optical Functional Materials for Biomedical Imaging, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Taian, Shandong, 271016, PR China.
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Rich MC, Sherwood J, Bartley AF, Whitsitt QA, Lee M, Willoughby WR, Dobrunz LE, Bao Y, Lubin FD, Bolding M. Focused ultrasound blood brain barrier opening mediated delivery of MRI-visible albumin nanoclusters to the rat brain for localized drug delivery with temporal control. J Control Release 2020; 324:172-180. [PMID: 32376461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing need for noninvasive tools to manipulate brain activity with molecular, spatial and temporal specificity. Here we have investigated the use of MRI-visible, albumin-based nanoclusters for noninvasive, localized and temporally specific drug delivery to the rat brain. We demonstrated that IV injected nanoclusters could be deposited into target brain regions via focused ultrasound facilitated blood brain barrier opening. We showed that nanocluster location could be confirmed in vivo with MRI. Additionally, following confirmation of nanocluster delivery, release of the nanocluster payload into brain tissue can be triggered by a second focused ultrasound treatment performed without circulating microbubbles. Release of glutamate from nanoclusters in vivo caused enhanced c-Fos expression, indicating that the loading capacity of the nanoclusters is sufficient to induce neuronal activation. This novel technique for noninvasive stereotactic drug delivery to the brain with temporal specificity could provide a new way to study brain circuits in vivo preclinically with high relevance for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Rich
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Jennifer Sherwood
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Aundrea F Bartley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Quentin A Whitsitt
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Magdelene Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - W R Willoughby
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Lynn E Dobrunz
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Yuping Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Mark Bolding
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Ye D, Sultan D, Zhang X, Yue Y, Heo GS, Kothapalli SVVN, Luehmann H, Tai YC, Rubin JB, Liu Y, Chen H. Focused ultrasound-enabled delivery of radiolabeled nanoclusters to the pons. J Control Release 2018; 283:143-150. [PMID: 29864474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to establish the feasibility of integrating focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated delivery of 64Cu-integrated gold nanoclusters (64Cu-AuNCs) to the pons for in vivo quantification of the nanocluster brain uptake using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FUS was targeted at the pons for the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in the presence of systemically injected microbubbles, followed by the intravenous injection of 64Cu-AuNCs. The spatiotemporal distribution of the 64Cu-AuNCs in the brain was quantified using in vivo microPET/CT imaging at different time points post injection. Following PET imaging, the accumulation of radioactivity in the pons was further confirmed using autoradiography and gamma counting, and the gold concentration was quantified using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found that the noninvasive and localized BBB opening by the FUS successfully delivered the 64Cu-AuNCs to the pons. We also demonstrated that in vivo real-time microPET/CT imaging was a reliable method for monitoring and quantifying the brain uptake of 64Cu-AuNCs delivered by the FUS. This drug delivery platform that integrates FUS, radiolabeled nanoclusters, and PET imaging provides a new strategy for noninvasive and localized nanoparticle delivery to the pons with concurrent in vivo quantitative imaging to evaluate delivery efficiency. The long-term goal is to apply this drug delivery platform to the treatment of pontine gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Deborah Sultan
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yimei Yue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gyu Seong Heo
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Satya V V N Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Hannah Luehmann
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yuan-Chuan Tai
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Yang D, Feng L, Dougherty CA, Luker KE, Chen D, Cauble MA, Banaszak Holl MM, Luker GD, Ross BD, Liu Z, Hong H. In vivo targeting of metastatic breast cancer via tumor vasculature-specific nano-graphene oxide. Biomaterials 2016; 104:361-71. [PMID: 27490486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, i.e. the formation of neovasculatures, is a critical process during cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Targeting of angiogenic markers on the tumor vasculature can result in more efficient delivery of nanomaterials into tumor since no extravasation is required. Herein we demonstrated efficient targeting of breast cancer metastasis in an experimental murine model with nano-graphene oxide (GO), which was conjugated to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). FSHR has been confirmed to be a highly selective tumor vasculature marker, which is abundant in both primary and metastatic tumors. These functionalized GO nano-conjugates had diameters of ∼120 nm based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), TEM, and dynamic laser scattering (DLS) measurement. (64)Cu was incorporated as a radiolabel which enabled the visualization of these GO conjugates by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Breast cancer lung metastasis model was established by intravenous injection of click beetle green luciferase-transfected MDA-MB-231 (denoted as cbgLuc-MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells into female nude mice and the tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Systematic in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to investigate the stability, targeting efficacy and specificity, and tissue distribution of GO conjugates. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy examination confirmed the targeting specificity of FSHR-mAb attached GO conjugates against cellular FSHR. More potent and persistent uptake of (64)Cu-NOTA-GO-FSHR-mAb in cbgLuc-MDA-MB-231 nodules inside the lung was witnessed when compared with that of non-targeted GO conjugates ((64)Cu-NOTA-GO). Histology evaluation also confirmed the vasculature accumulation of GO-FSHR-mAb conjugates in tumor at early time points while they were non-specifically captured in liver and spleen. In addition, these GO conjugates can serve as good drug carriers with satisfactory drug loading capacity (e.g. for doxorubicin [DOX], 756 mg/g). Enhanced drug delivery efficiency in cbgLuc-MDA-MB-231 metastatic sites was demonstrated in DOX-loaded GO-FSHR-mAb by fluorescence imaging. This FSHR-targeted, GO-based nanoplatform can serve as a useful tool for early metastasis detection and targeted delivery of therapeutics.
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Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and chemical engineering have led to the development of many different drug delivery systems. These 1-100(0) nm-sized carrier materials aim to increase drug concentrations at the pathological site, while avoiding their accumulation in healthy non-target tissues, thereby improving the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of systemic (chemo-) therapeutic interventions. An important advantage of such nanocarrier materials is the ease of incorporating both diagnostic and therapeutic entities within a single formulation, enabling them to be used for theranostic purposes. We here describe the basic principles of using nanomaterials for targeting therapeutic and diagnostic agents to pathological sites, and we discuss how nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery can be used to personalize nanomedicine treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Theek
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Josef Ehling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH - Aachen University, Aachen, Germany ; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands ; Department of Controlled Drug Delivery, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Hijnen NM, Elevelt A, Pikkemaat J, Bos C, Bartels LW, Grüll H. The magnetic susceptibility effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents on PRFS-based MR thermometry during thermal interventions. J Ther Ultrasound 2013; 1:8. [PMID: 25516799 PMCID: PMC4265976 DOI: 10.1186/2050-5736-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry exploits the local magnetic field changes induced by the temperature dependence of the electron screening constant of water protons. Any other local magnetic field changes will therefore translate into incorrect temperature readings and need to be considered accordingly. Here, we investigated the susceptibility changes induced by the inflow and presence of a paramagnetic MR contrast agent and their implications on PRFS thermometry. Methods Phantom measurements were performed to demonstrate the effect of sudden gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) inflow on the phase shift measured using a PRFS thermometry sequence on a clinical 3 T magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) system. By proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the temperature dependence of the Gd-DTPA susceptibility was measured, as well as the effect of liposomal encapsulation and release on the bulk magnetic susceptibility of Gd-DTPA. In vivo studies were carried out to measure the temperature error induced in a rat hind leg muscle upon intravenous Gd-DTPA injection. Results The phantom study showed a significant phase shift inside the phantom of 0.6 ± 0.2 radians (mean ± standard deviation) upon Gd-DTPA injection (1.0 mM, clinically relevant amount). A Gd-DTPA-induced magnetic susceptibility shift of ΔχGd-DTPA = 0.109 ppm/mM was measured in a cylinder parallel to the main magnetic field at 37°C. The temperature dependence of the susceptibility shift showed dΔχGd-DTPA/dT = -0.00038 ± 0.00008 ppm/mM/°C. No additional susceptibility effect was measured upon Gd release from paramagnetic liposomes. In vivo, intravenous Gd-DTPA injection resulted in a perceived temperature change of 2.0°C ± 0.1°C at the center of the hind leg muscle. Conclusions The use of a paramagnetic MR contrast agent prior to MR-HIFU treatment may influence the accuracy of the PRFS MR thermometry. Depending on the treatment workflow, Gd-induced temperature errors ranging between -4°C and +3°C can be expected. Longer waiting time between contrast agent injection and treatment, as well as shortening the ablation duration by increasing the sonication power, will minimize the Gd influence. Compensation for the phase changes induced by the changing Gd presence is difficult as the magnetic field changes are arising nonlocally in the surroundings of the susceptibility change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Hijnen
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11.p 261, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Aaldert Elevelt
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Pikkemaat
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens Bos
- Image Sciences Institute, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus W Bartels
- Image Sciences Institute, Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Holger Grüll
- Biomedical NMR, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, High Tech Campus 11.p 261, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, the Netherlands.,Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, 5656 AE, the Netherlands
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