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Bai D, Chen S, Feng H, Yin A, Lu J, Ma Y, Sugiyama H. Integrated analysis of immune-related gene subtype and immune index for immunotherapy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 225:153557. [PMID: 34329838 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with high immunogenicity. Research on immune-related gene (IRG) is of great significance in ccRCC in identifying new therapeutic targets and improving patient prognosis. In this study, the IRG patterns of ccRCC were investigated and correlated these patterns with tumor microenvironment infiltrating characteristics in immunotherapy. Moreover, an IRG score was constructed to quantify the pattern of individual tumors through the principal component analysis algorithm. Two distinct molecular subtypes (C1 and C2) were identified based on the IRGs expression profile. Subtype C1 was characterized with significantly high level of immune-checkpoint, immune score, stromal score, showed high drug sensitivity in Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Cisplatin, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine, Vorinostat, and Gemcitabine. Cytokine-cytokine receptor pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and JAK signaling pathways were found enriched in the subtype C1 account for the poor prognosis. Subtype C2 was linked to a better survival outcome. By using the Connective Map database, subtype specific small molecular drugs identified that could facilitate the treatment of ccRCC patients. In addition, A immune index that used to evaluated the immune modification patterns and further validated in the other types RCC dataset, such as papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (chRCC). Together, this study identified two distinct molecular subtypes with immune index, aid to the treatment of ccRCC and enhancing our cognition of the tumor microenvironment infiltration characterization in ccRCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bai
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 710072; Research and Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 518057; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 710129; Research institute of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Zhejiang), Hangzhou, China 311215.
| | - Suna Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 710072
| | - Huhu Feng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 710072
| | - Aiping Yin
- The Division of Nephrology, The 1st Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China 710065
| | - Juncheng Lu
- School of Material Science and Engineering (MSE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 710072
| | - Yiran Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China 710072
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 606-8502; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 606-8502.
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