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Miao S, Hu J, Wan W, Xia S, Han B, Zhou Y, Dong X, Sun L. Effects of graded levels of starch on the non-specific immune responses, antioxidant capacities and intestinal health in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir inensis. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104:402-409. [PMID: 32562867 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of graded levels of dietary starch (12%, 17%, 22%, 27% and 32%) on growth, non-specific immune responses, antioxidant capacities, immunity genes expression levels and pathogen resistance in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir inensis (initial body weight: 10.5 ± 0.5 g). Results showed that the highest weight gain rate of crabs was obtained in group containing 22% dietary starch. The highest activity of acid phosphatase, phenoloxidase and lysozyme in blood was found in crabs fed with 22-27% dietary starch. Additionally, 17%-27% dietary starch significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, reduced malondinaldehyde content and then increased the total antioxidant capacities in hepatopancreas of crabs. The highest activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was found in crabs fed with 32% dietary starch, indicating that excess starch had a negative effect on the liver function of crabs. With the dietary starch level increased, the transcription factors gene expression of the pro-inflammatory factors were significantly up-regulated, and the highest ILF2, IL-16, Relish and ADAM10 was found in crabs fed with dietary 32% starch, which may potentially promote the inflammatory response in intestines. Moreover, with the dietary starch increased, the activity of phenoloxidase and lysozyme, as well as the gene expression of crustin, were all increased in crabs after challenge against Citrobacter freundii, which demonstrated that additional dietary starch could provide immune-protection and help crabs improve their resistance against pathogens. In conclusion, these results suggest that adequate dietary starch can increase growth, enhance innate immune responses and promote disease resistance, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in E. inensis. Taken together, 22-27% dietary starch (25.9-30.8% dietary carbohydrate) was suggested as a digestible energy source in crabs feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Miao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Juntao Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenlong Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sudong Xia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Aquaculture, Fisheries College of Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Bei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Longsheng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui east Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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Dawood MAO, Zommara M, Eweedah NM, Helal AI, Aboel-Darag MA. The potential role of nano-selenium and vitamin C on the performances of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:9843-9852. [PMID: 31925699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Functional trace elements and vitamins can boost immunity and antioxidative response in aquatic animals without creating environmental hazards. While nano-selenium (Nano-Se) and vitamin C (VC) have been used as immunomodulators and antioxidants in animal and poultry feed, there is little data on Nano-Se and/or VC supplementation in aquatic animals. Thus, the current study evaluated the impact of adding Nano-Se and VC to the diets of Nile tilapia for 8 weeks. Four diets were formulated and offered to the fish: no supplementation (control), 1 mg Nano-Se/kg, 500 mg VC/kg, and 1 mg Nano-Se + 500 mg VC/kg of food. Growth-related parameters (final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate) were significantly increased in tilapia fed Nano-Se and VC, with a reduced feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). Intestinal villus length and width as well as the number of goblet cells were increased in tilapia fed Nano-Se and/or VC (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary Nano-Se and/or VC significantly increased nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) level, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, the phagocytic index, and lysozyme and phagocytic activities (P < 0.05). However, significantly reduced levels of malonaldehyde were observed in fish fed Nano-Se and/or VC (P < 0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β gene expressions in the liver and spleen of the fish were significantly upregulated by Nano-Se and/or VC (P < 0.05). The results revealed the potential role of Nano-Se and/or VC in enhancing growth, intestinal morphometry, and immune and antioxidative responses in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Mohsen Zommara
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Eweedah
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Azmy I Helal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Aboel-Darag
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
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