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Pradhan SK, Devi R, Khan MIR, Kamilya D, Gon Choudhury T, Parhi J. Isolation of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida from aquaculture environment in India: Polyphasic identification, virulence characterization, and antibiotic susceptibility. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106100. [PMID: 37028687 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the polyphasic identification, characterization of virulence potential, and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida COFCAU_AS, isolated from an aquaculture system in India. The physiological, biochemical, 16s rRNA gene sequencing and PAAS PCR test identified the strain as Aeromonas salmonicida. The MIY PCR tests established the subspecies as 'salmonicida'. The in vitro tests showed the isolated bacterium as haemolytic with casein, lipid, starch, and gelatin hydrolysis activity, indicating its pathogenic attributes. It also showed the ability to produce slime and biofilm, and additionally, it possessed an A-layer surface protein. In vivo pathogenicity test was performed to determine the LD50 dose of the bacterium in Labeo rohita fingerlings (14.42 ± 1.01 g), which was found to be 106.9 cells fish-1. The bacteria-challenged fingerlings showed skin lesions, erythema at the base of the fins, dropsy, and ulcer. Almost identical clinical signs and mortalities were observed when the same LD50 dose was injected into other Indian major carp species, L. catla and Cirrhinus mrigala. Out of the twelve virulent genes screened, the presence of nine genes viz., aerA, act, ast, alt, hlyA, vapA, exsA, fstA, and lip were detected, whereas ascV, ascC, and ela genes were absent. The A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida COFCAU_AS was resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin G, rifampicin, ampicillin, and vancomycin while highly sensitive to amoxiclav, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. In summary, we have isolated a virulent A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida from a tropical aquaculture pond which can cause significant mortality and morbidity in Indian major carp species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Kumar Pradhan
- Dept. of Aquatic Health & Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Rajashree Devi
- Dept. of Aquatic Health & Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
| | - Md Idrish Raja Khan
- Dept. of Aquatic Health & Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India; Late Shri Punaram Nishad College of Fisheries, DSVCKU, Kawardha, 491995, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Dibyendu Kamilya
- Dept. of Aquatic Health & Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India; Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Tanmoy Gon Choudhury
- Dept. of Aquatic Health & Environment, College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India.
| | - Janmejay Parhi
- Dept. of Fish Genetics & Reproduction, College of Fisheries, CAU, Lembucherra, Tripura, 799210, India
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Borges KA, Furian TQ, de Souza SN, Menezes R, de Lima DA, Fortes FBB, Salle CTP, Moraes HLS, Nascimento VP. Biofilm formation by Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from avian sources is partially related with their in vivo pathogenicity. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:238-241. [PMID: 29578065 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium are among the most prevalent serotypes isolated from salmonellosis outbreaks and poultry. Salmonella spp. have the capacity to form biofilms on several surfaces, which can favour survival in hostile environments, such as slaughterhouses. Salmonella strains present differences in pathogenicity. However, there is little information regarding the pathogenicity of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolated from avian sources and their relationship to biofilm production. The aim of this study was to use a novel pathogenicity index and a biofilm production assay to evaluate their relationships within these serotypes. In addition, we detected the presence of the spiA and agfA genes in these strains. Biofilm formation was investigated at two temperatures (37 °C and 28 °C) using microtiter plate assay, and the results were compared with the individual pathogenicity index of each strain. PCR was used to detect spiA and agfA, virulence genes associated with biofilm production. S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium strains were capable of producing biofilm at 37 °C and 28 °C. Sixty-two percent and 59.5% of S. Enteritidis and 73.8% and 46.2% of S. Typhimurium produced biofilm at 37 °C and 28 °C, respectively. Biofilm production at 37 °C was significantly higher in both serotypes. Only S. Enteritidis was capable of adhering strongly at both temperatures. Biofilm production was related to pathogenicity index only at 28 °C for S. Enteritidis. spiA and agfA were found in almost all strains and were not statistically associated with biofilm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Apellanis Borges
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Thales Quedi Furian
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Neves de Souza
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Menezes
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diane Alves de Lima
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávia Bornancini Borges Fortes
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation of Rio Grande do Sul (SEAPI-RS), Av. Getúlio Vargas 1384, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Luiz Souza Moraes
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Pinheiro Nascimento
- Center for Diagnosis and Research in Avian Pathology (CDPA)(1), Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 8824, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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