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Park J, Nah Y, Kim WJ. IDO-triggered swellable polymeric micelles for IDO inhibition and targeted cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2023; 363:496-506. [PMID: 37788761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been studied as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. IDO catalyzes the oxidation of tryptophan into kynurenine, which subsequently activates regulatory T cells, thereby promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumor tissue. Due to its overexpression in tumor cells, IDO itself could be a tumor-specific stimulus for targeted cancer therapy. Toward this objective, we developed IDO-triggered swellable micelles for targeted cancer immunotherapy. The micelles are prepared by the self-assembly of amphiphilic polymers containing polymerized tryptophan as a hydrophobic block. The micelles exhibited IDO-responsive behavior via solubility conversion of the hydrophobic core triggered by the oxidation of tryptophan residues into kynurenine. The micelles were internalized into tumor cells and disassembled by overexpressed IDO. Loaded with IDO inhibitor, the micelle presented enhanced therapeutic antitumor effect, and effector T-cells were recruited into the tumor tissue. We demonstrated that overexpressed IDO in cancer cells could be utilized as a tumor-specific stimulus, and utilizing an IDO-responsive drug delivery system holds great promise for targeted cancer therapy and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Park
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea.
| | - Yunyoung Nah
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
| | - Won Jong Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, POSTECH-CATHOLIC Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
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2
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Luan Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Duan X, Su P, Li Q, Pang Y, Gou M. Identification and characterization of tryptophan-kynurenine pathway-related genes involving lamprey (Lampetra japonica) innate immunity. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 140:108967. [PMID: 37488041 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) pathway is involved in several biological functions, including immunosuppression, inflammatory response, and tumor suppression. Six TRP-KYN pathway-related genes, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), aminoadipate aminotransferase (AADAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 2 (GOT2), kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO), and kynureninase (KYNU) have been identified and cloned from the jawless vertebrate lamprey (Lampetra japonica) to gain insights into their evolution and characterization. Expression distribution showed that the key gene Lj-TDO was highly expressed in the oral gland. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that TRP-KYN pathway-related genes were significantly overexpressed after multi-stimulation. RNA interference showed that Lj-IDO2 knockdown regulated the expression of inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our study successfully clarified the ancestral features and functions of the TRP-KYN pathway, while providing valuable insights into the involvement of this pathway in the immune responses of a jawless vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimu Luan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Wentong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xuyuan Duan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Ciapała K, Pawlik K, Ciechanowska A, Mika J, Rojewska E. Effect of pharmacological modulation of the kynurenine pathway on pain-related behavior and opioid analgesia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 461:116382. [PMID: 36681127 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the central nervous system are accompanied by changes in tryptophan metabolism, with the kynurenine pathway (KP) being the main route of its catabolism. Recently, KP metabolites, which are collectively called kynurenines, have become an area of intense research due to their ability to directly and indirectly affect a variety of classic neurotransmitter systems. However, the significance of KP in neuropathic pain is still poorly understood. Therefore, we designed several experiments to verify changes in the mRNA levels of KP enzymes in parallel with other factors related to this metabolic route after chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve (CCI model) in mice. The analysis revealed an increase in, Kmo, Kynu and Haoo mRNA levels in the spinal cord on the 7th day after CCI, while Kat1, Kat2, Tdo2, Ido2 and Qprt mRNA levels remain unchanged. Subsequent pharmacological studies provided evidence that modulation of KP by single intrathecal administration of 1-D-MT, UPF468 or L-kynurenine attenuates mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and increases the effectiveness of selected opioids in mice as measured on day 7 after CCI. Moreover, our results provide the first evidence that the injection of L-kynurenine preceded by UPF468 (KMO inhibitor) is more effective at reducing hypersensitivity in animals with neuropathic pain. Importantly, L-kynurenine also exerts an analgesic effect after intravenous injections, which is enhanced by the administration of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglial activation. Additionally, L-kynurenine administered intrathecally and intravenously enhances analgesia evoked by all tested opioids (morphine, buprenorphine and oxycodone). Overall, our results indicate that the modulation of KP at different levels might be a new pharmacological tool in neuropathy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ciapała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pawlik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Ciechanowska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Mika
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Rojewska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Pain Pharmacology, Krakow, Poland.
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Li H, Yuan Y, Chen H, Dai H, Li J. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase mediates the therapeutic effects of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in experimental periodontitis by modulating macrophages through the kynurenine-AhR-NRF2 pathway. Mol Metab 2022; 66:101617. [PMID: 36270612 PMCID: PMC9627099 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has become a promising approach to periodontal tissue repair. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), compared with other dental or non-dental MSCs, serve as promising candidates for MSC therapy due to non-invasive acquisition and abundant sources. This study aimed to explore the effects of ASC therapy in experimental periodontitis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Micro-CT was performed to evaluate the alveolar bone parameters following local injection of ASCs. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expression of IL-1β, osteocalcin (OCN), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), and surface markers of macrophage polarization. Afterward, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based targeted tryptophan metabolomic analysis was used to examine the ASC metabolites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assay was performed to investigate the direct binding of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and NRF2. RESULTS Alveolar bone loss was reduced, and the ratio of iNOS+/CD206+ macrophages was significantly decreased after ASC injection in the rat models of periodontitis. ASCs promoted NRF2 expression and activation in macrophages, while NRF2 silencing in macrophages blocked the regulation of ASCs on macrophages. Furthermore, the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) of ASCs in the inflammatory condition was high. The inhibitor of IDO, 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT), impaired the therapeutic effects of ASCs in experimental periodontitis and regulation of macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, kynurenine (Kyn), a metabolite of ASCs catalyzed by IDO, activated AhR and enhanced its binding to the promoter of NRF2, which stimulated M2 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that ASCs can alleviate ligature-induced periodontitis through modulating macrophage polarization by the IDO-dependent Kyn-AhR-NRF2 pathway, uncovering a novel mechanism and providing a scientific basis for ASC-based therapy in experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyue Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hongying Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Corresponding author. College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, PR China. Fax: +86 23 8886 0222.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China,Corresponding author. College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426# Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing, 401147, PR China. Fax: +86 23 8886 0222.
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Obata T, Shiratani S, Nada T, Kasaya Y, Arisawa M, Shuto S, Tanaka M. Structure-activity Relationship of Indomethacin Derivatives as IDO1 Inhibitors. Anticancer Res 2021; 41:2287-2296. [PMID: 33952454 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is regarded as an important molecular target for cancer immune therapy. This study aimed to examine the IDO1 inhibitory activity of newly synthesized indomethacin derivatives to develop an IDO1 inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS The inhibitory effects of indole-containing compounds against recombinant human IDO1 (rhIDO1) were evaluated. RESULTS While some drugs including those with an indole scaffold could inhibit rhIDO1, simple indole compounds were inactive. A total of 27 indomethacin derivatives, including 18 newly synthesized derivatives, were evaluated. Numerous derivatives showed enhanced IDO1 inhibitory activity. The functional group at the 3-position had a strong effect on IDO1 inhibitory activity. The IDO1 inhibitory activity was not directly correlated with tumor cell cytotoxicity. CONCLUSION We report the finding of novel IDO1 inhibitors and the structure-activity relationship based on indomethacin derivatives. Our findings will be beneficial for the development of IDO1 inhibitors for cancer immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Obata
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan;
| | - Sara Shiratani
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomomi Nada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kasaya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Zhou Q, Shi Y, Chen C, Wu F, Chen Z. A narrative review of the roles of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase in liver diseases. Ann Transl Med 2021; 9:174. [PMID: 33569476 PMCID: PMC7867903 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are induced by several immune factors, such as interferon-γ, and act as intracellular enzymes that catabolize essential amino acid tryptophan into kynurenine and other downstream metabolites, including kynurenic acid (KYNA), xanthurenic acid (XA) and so on. IDO and TDO work as a double-edge sword. On one hand, they exert the immunomodulatory effects, especially immunosuppressive effects on the microenvironment including infections, pregnancy, tumor cells escape and transplantation. TDO plays the major role under basal conditions, while IDO comes into play under different circumstances of immune activation, thus IDO has a wider spectrum of immune regulation. On the other hand, these enzymes also inhibit pathogens such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Toxoplasma gondii and so on. Moreover, IDO regulates metabolic health through shaping intestinal microbiota. Recently, these enzymes have attracted more and more attention in liver diseases. Several studies have indicated that IDO and TDO can modulate viral hepatitis, autoimmune liver diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis, liver cancer even liver transplantation. Targeting them or their antagonists may provide novel therapeutic treatments for liver diseases. In this review, we will discuss the exact roles that IDO and TDO play in diverse hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengtian Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Kumar S, Jaipuri FA, Waldo JP, Potturi H, Marcinowicz A, Adams J, Van Allen C, Zhuang H, Vahanian N, Link C, Brincks EL, Mautino MR. Discovery of indoximod prodrugs and characterization of clinical candidate NLG802. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 198:112373. [PMID: 32422549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of different prodrugs of indoximod, including estesrs and peptide amides were synthesized with the aim of improving its oral bioavailability in humans. The pharmacokinetics of prodrugs that were stable in buffers, plasma and simulated gastric and intestinal fluids was first assessed in rats after oral dosing in solution or in capsule formulation. Two prodrugs that produced the highest exposure to indoximod in rats were further tested in Cynomolgus monkeys, a species in which indoximod has oral bioavailability of 6-10% and an equivalent dose-dependent exposure profile as humans. NLG802 was selected as the clinical development candidate after increasing oral bioavailability (>5-fold), Cmax (6.1-3.6 fold) and AUC (2.9-5.2 fold) in monkeys, compared to equivalent molar oral doses of indoximod. NLG802 is extensively absorbed and rapidly metabolized to indoximod in all species tested and shows a safe toxicological profile at the anticipated therapeutic doses. NLG802 markedly enhanced the anti-tumor responses of tumor-specific pmel-1 T cells in a melanoma tumor model. In conclusion, NLG802 is a prodrug of indoximod expected to increase clinical drug exposure to indoximod above the current achievable levels, thus increasing the possibility of therapeutic effects in a larger fraction of the target patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hima Potturi
- NewLink Genetics, Ames, IA, 50010, United States
| | | | - James Adams
- NewLink Genetics, Ames, IA, 50010, United States
| | | | - Hong Zhuang
- NewLink Genetics, Ames, IA, 50010, United States
| | | | - Charles Link
- NewLink Genetics, Ames, IA, 50010, United States
| | - Erik L Brincks
- NewLink Genetics, Ames, IA, 50010, United States; Lumos Pharma, Inc., Ames, IA, 50010, United States.
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Kudo Y, Koh I, Yamazaki T, Oomori Y, Mukai Y, Sugimoto J. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and trophoblast invasion in caesarean scar pregnancy: Implications for the aetiopathogenesis of placenta accreta spectrum. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 138:103099. [PMID: 32050141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunohistochemical localisation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was studied in order to better understand the pathophysiology of placenta accreta spectrum. In the decidua staining for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was found in the glandular epithelium with some additional positive cells. Extravillous cytotrophoblast invasion was present in the myometrium which was not covered by the decidual tissue whereas myometrial invasion of cytotrophoblasts was absent where this tissue lay deep to decidua. These results suggest that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in the decidua may normally control trophoblast invasion and absence of its expression where decidua is absent may be involved in the pathogenesis of the over-invaded placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Iemasa Koh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuriko Oomori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yurika Mukai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Sugimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sudowe S, Höhn Y, Renzing A, Maxeiner J, Montermann E, Habermeier A, Closs E, Bros M, Reske-Kunz AB. Inhibition of antigen-specific immune responses by co-application of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-encoding vector requires antigen transgene expression focused on dendritic cells. Amino Acids 2020; 52:411-24. [PMID: 32008091 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that particle-mediated epidermal delivery (PMED) of plasmids encoding β-galactosidase (βGal) under control of the fascin-1 promoter (pFascin-βGal) yielded selective production of the protein in skin dendritic cells (DCs), and suppressed Th2 responses in a mouse model of type I allergy by inducing Th1/Tc1 cells. However, intranasal challenge of mice immunized with pFascin-βGal induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and neutrophilic inflammation in the lung. The tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been implicated in immune suppression and tolerance induction. Here we investigated the consequences of co-application of an IDO-encoding vector on the modulatory effect of DNA vaccination by PMED using pFascin-βGal in models of eosinophilic allergic and non-eosinophilic intrinsic airway inflammation. IDO-encoding plasmids and pFascin-βGal or pCMV-βGal were co-applied to abdominal skin of BALB/c mice without, before or after sensitization with βGal protein. Immune responses in the lung were analysed after intranasal provocation and airway reactivity was determined by whole body plethysmography. Co-application of pCMV-IDO with pFascin-βGal, but not pCMV-βGal inhibited the Th1/Tc1 immune response after PMED. Moreover, AHR in those mice was attenuated following intranasal challenge. Therapeutic vaccination of βGal-sensitized mice with pFascin-βGal plus pCMV-IDO slightly suppressed airway inflammation and AHR after provocation with βGal protein, while prophylactic vaccination was not effective. Altogether, our data suggest that only the combination of DC-restricted antigen and ubiquitous IDO expression attenuated asthma responses in mice, most probably by forming a tryptophan-depleted and kynurenine-enriched micromilieu known to affect neutrophils and T cells.
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Poletti S, Melloni E, Aggio V, Colombo C, Valtorta F, Benedetti F, Comai S. Grey and white matter structure associates with the activation of the tryptophan to kynurenine pathway in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2019; 259:404-412. [PMID: 31610997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness characterised by reduced grey matter (GM) volumes and cortical thickness, and disrupted white matter (WM) microstructure. Activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase following a pro-inflammatory state could increase the amount of tryptophan (Trp) converted to kynurenine (Kyn) possibly leading to the production of detrimental catabolites of the Kyn pathway with neurotoxic effects. We investigated if peripheral levels of Trp-and Kyn and the breakdown of Trp-into Kyn (Kyn/Trp-ratio) are related to WM and GM integrity in BD. METHODS Peripheral levels of Trp-and Kyn were analysed in 72 patients with BD and 33 controls. Patients also underwent MRI in a Philips 3T scanner. RESULTS Patients showed higher Kyn levels and Kyn/Trp-ratio compared to controls. MRI analyses performed in patients with BD showed a negative association between the Kyn/Trp-ratio and the integrity of corpus callosum microstructure, the volume of the amygdala and cortical thickness in fronto-parietal regions. LIMITATION The lack of information on the levels of downstream metabolites of Kyn prevent us to confirm the possible unbalance between quinolinic and kynurenic acids as well as their possible relationship with changes in GM and WM markers. The activation of the Kyn pathway as suggested by the increased Kyn/Trp-ratio may lead to an imbalance of the neurotoxic vs the neuroprotective arm of the biochemical pathway, resulting in significant changes in GM and WM regions of brain areas strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of BD, such as amygdala and corpus callosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Poletti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elisa Melloni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Aggio
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Comai
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Turro, Via Stamira d'Ancona 20, Milan, Italy
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11
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Zahm CD, Johnson LE, McNeel DG. Increased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and expression in prostate cancer following targeted immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 68:1661-1669. [PMID: 31606777 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that PD-L1 expression is increased on tumor cells following vaccination treatments that lead to increased tumor-specific T cells that secrete IFNγ. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is another IFNγ inducible gene that has potent immunosuppressive effects. There have been reports of IDO expression in prostate cancer; however, it is unknown whether IDO expression might similarly increase in prostate tumors following T-cell-based immunotherapy. METHODS Blood samples from normal male blood donors (n = 12) and patients with different stages of prostate cancer (n = 89), including patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with a DNA vaccine and/or pembrolizumab, were evaluated for IDO activity by kynurenine and tryptophan levels. Metastatic tissue biopsies obtained pre- and post-treatments were evaluated for IDO expression. IDO suppression of vaccine-induced T-cell function was assessed by ELISPOT. RESULTS Overall, IDO activity was increased in patients with more advanced prostate cancer. This activity, and IDO expression as detected immunohistochemically, increased following treatment with either a DNA vaccine encoding the prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) tumor antigen or PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab. Increased IDO activity after treatment was associated with the absence of clinical effect, as assessed by lack of PSA decline following treatment. Increased antigen-specific T-cell response, as measured by IFNγ release, to the vaccine target antigen was detected following in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood cells with 1-methyltryptophan. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IDO expression is a mechanism of immune evasion used by prostate cancer and that future clinical trials using T-cell-based immune strategies might best include IDO inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/immunology
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Zahm
- 7007 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Laura E Johnson
- 7007 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- 7007 Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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12
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Cui ZW, Zhang XY, Zhang XJ, Wu N, Lu LF, Li S, Chen DD, Zhang YA. Molecular and functional characterization of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 89:301-308. [PMID: 30965085 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a kind of dioxygenase that can catalyze the degradation of levo-tryptophan (L-Trp) and plays key roles in immune tolerance. In this study, the IDO gene was cloned and functionally characterized from grass carp (gcIDO). The results showed that gcIDO overexpressed in GCO cells could catalyze the degradation of L-Trp through the L-Trp - kynurenine pathway, and this activity could be promoted by δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) while inhibited by levo-1-methyl tryptophan (L-1MT). Moreover, gcIDO was constitutively expressed in various tissues, and its expression could be significantly up-regulated by LPS and Poly (I:C) in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Furthermore, recombinant TGF-β1 of grass carp could up-regulate the expression of IDO, TGF-β1, CD25, and Foxp3 in PBLs, indicating that the TGF-β1/IDO pathway is present in fish. In the soybean meal induced enteritis (SBMIE) model, the expression of gcIDO in the intestine was up-regulated significantly, demonstrating that gcIDO may play an immunoregulatory role in SBMIE. Taken together, these data suggest that the IDO plays multiple roles in the immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wei Cui
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shun Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Sthoeger Z, Sharabi A, Zinger H, Asher I, Mozes E. Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in murine and human systemic lupus erythematosus: Down-regulation by the tolerogeneic peptide hCDR1. Clin Immunol 2018; 197:34-39. [PMID: 30170030 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
וֹndoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) plays a role in immune regulation. Increased IDO activity was reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We investigated the effects of the tolerogenic peptide hCDR1, shown to ameliorate lupus manifestations, on IDO gene expression. mRNA was prepared from splenocytes of hCDR1- treated SLE-afflicted (NZBxNZW)F1 mice, from blood samples of lupus patients, collected before and after their in vivo treatment with hCDR1 and from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients incubated with hCDR1. IDO gene expression was determined by real-time RT-PCR. hCDR1 significantly down-regulated IDO expression in SLE-affected mice and in lupus patients (treated in vivo and in vitro). No effects were observed in healthy donors or following treatment with a control peptide. Diminished IDO gene expression was associated with hCDR1 beneficial effects. Our results suggest that the hCDR1-induced FOXP3 expressing regulatory T cells in lupus are not driven by IDO but rather by other hCDR1 regulated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zev Sthoeger
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Heidy Zinger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilan Asher
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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14
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Luo Q, Yan L, Xu P, Xiong C, Yang Z, Hu P, Hu H, Hong R. Discovery of a polysaccharide from the fruiting bodies of Lepista sordida as potent inhibitors of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in HepG2 cells via blocking of STAT1-mediated JAK-PKC-δ signaling pathways. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 197:540-547. [PMID: 30007645 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the role of a polysaccharide (LSP, 25 and 100 μg/ml) from the fruiting bodies of Lepista sordid on the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in HepG2 cells, and the possible mechanism of action. IDO expression and kynurenine production from LSP-treated HepG2 cells following IFN-γ stimulation were dramatically inhibited by LSP treatment. In line with this, the medium of HepG2 cells pretreated with LSP improved the survival rate of primary CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as compared with IFN-γ-treated control cells. Moreover, tyrosine 701 and serine 727 phosphorylation of STAT1 were dramatically reduced by LSP pretreatment in IFN-γ-stimulated HepG2 cells. Furthermore phosphorylation of JAK-1 and JAK-2 was also inhibited by LSP. Additionally, two IDO promoters (GAS and ISRE) were inhibited in cells pretreated with LSP prior to IFN-γ exposure. These findings suggest that LSP exerts antitumor effects on HepG2 cells by inhibiting IDO via JAK-PKC-δ-STAT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Pan Xu
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Chuan Xiong
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, China
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Nature Resources Microbiology and Technique, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Huidong Hu
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ren Hong
- Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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15
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Schmid PM, Bouazzaoui A, Schmid K, Birner CM, Schach C, Maier LS, Holler E, Endemann DH. Vascular Alterations in a Murine Model of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease Are Associated with Decreased Serum Levels of Adiponectin and an Increased Activity and Vascular Expression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2051-2062. [PMID: 27196361 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the limiting complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and its pathophysiology seems to be highly influenced by vascular factors. Our study aimed at elucidating possible mechanisms involved in vascular GVHD. For this purpose, we used a fully MHC-mismatched model of BALB/c mice conditioned according to two different intensity protocols with total body irradiation and transplantation of allogeneic (C57BL/6) or syngeneic bone marrow cells and splenocytes. Mesenteric resistance arteries were studied in a pressurized myograph. We also quantified the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), endothelial (eNOS), and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), as well as several pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. We measured the serum levels of tryptophan (trp) and kynurenine (kyn), the kyn/trp ratio (KTR) as a marker of IDO activity, and adiponectin (APN). The myographic study showed a correlation of GVHD severity after allogeneic BMT with functional vessel alterations that started with increased vessel stress and ended in eccentric vessel remodeling, increased vessel strain, and endothelial dysfunction. These alterations were accompanied by increasing IDO activity and decreasing APN levels in the serum of allogeneic animals. The mRNA expression showed significantly elevated IDO, decreased eNOS, and elevation of most studied pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our study provides further data supporting the importance of vessel alterations in GVHD and is the first to show an association of vascular GVHD with hypoadiponectinemia and an increased activity and vascular expression of IDO. Whether there is also a causative involvement of these two factors in the development of GVHD needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph M Birner
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schach
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dierk H Endemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 2-Cardiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Balti M, Plas A, Meinguet C, Haufroid M, Thémans Q, Efrit ML, Wouters J, Lanners S. Synthesis of 4- and 5-arylthiazolinethiones as inhibitors of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3607-3610. [PMID: 28651980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Docking studies of 4-phenylthiazolinethione on human IDO1 suggest complexation of the heme iron by the exocyclic sulfur atom further reinforced by hydrophobic interactions of the phenyl ring within pocket A of the enzyme. On this basis, chemical modifications were proposed to increase inhibition activity. Synthetic routes had to be adapted and optimized to yield the desired substituted 4- and 5-arylthiazolinethiones. Their biological evaluation shows that 5-aryl regioisomers are systematically less potent than the corresponding 4-aryl analogs. Substitution on the phenyl ring does not significantly increase inhibition potency, except for 4-Br and 4-Cl derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monaem Balti
- NAMEDIC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium; Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences at Tunis, El Manar University, Campus, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aurélie Plas
- NAMEDIC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Meinguet
- NAMEDIC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Marie Haufroid
- NAMEDIC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Quentin Thémans
- NAMEDIC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lotfi Efrit
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences at Tunis, El Manar University, Campus, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Johan Wouters
- NAMEDIC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Steve Lanners
- NAMEDIC-NARILIS, University of Namur, 61 Rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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17
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Li R, Li H, Sun Q, Liu L, Zhang C, Ren X. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates T cell activity through Vav1/Rac pathway. Mol Immunol 2016; 81:102-107. [PMID: 27930920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immunoregulatory enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) suppresses T-cell responses and promotes immune tolerance in tumor resistance. A previous study determined that IDO inhibits Vav1 mRNA expression and the activation of Vav1 and its downstream targets in T cells in the guanine exchange factor (GEF)-independent pathway. The current study aims to determine whether IDO induces T-cell immunosuppression through Vav1/Rac signaling pathway, which is a GEF-dependent pathway. The correlation between Vav1 mRNA expressions in T cells of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and the levels of IDO expression in lung cancer tissues from lung cancer patients was detected. HEK293 cells were stably transfected with human IDO (HEK293-IDO). T cells were isolated from human blood. HEK293-IDO cells were co-incubated with T cells in the presence or absence of an anti-CD3 antibody to activate T cell receptor (TCR) and/or 1-methyl-l-tryptophan (1-MT) to inhibit IDO activity. The early signaling proteins in T-cytoskeleton regulation through Vav1/Rac pathway of T cell were determined. A significant and negative correlation was observed between IDO and Vav1 expression in the tumor microenvironment. IDO, which was produced by HEK293-IDO cells, significantly inhibited the expression of Vav1, which resulted in defective F-actin reorganization. Thus, TCR signaling initiation was damaged. The effects on T-cells induced by the co-culture of HEK293-IDO cells with T cells were attenuated by 1-MT. Results indicate that the inhibitory effects of IDO on T cell immune responses may occur through the down-regulation of Vav1 protein expression and the suppression of Vav1/Rac cascade. These studies provide insight into the mechanisms of immune escape induced by IDO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Chung YR, Kim HJ, Jang MH, Park SY. Prognostic value of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte subsets in breast cancer depends on hormone receptor status. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 161:409-20. [PMID: 27913931 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interaction between immune-regulatory proteins and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is complex, and their associations may have significant clinical implications. This study was designed to evaluate the relationships between immunomodulatory proteins and TIL subsets and their impact on prognosis in breast cancer. METHODS 377 invasive breast cancer cases were selected, and immunohistochemistry was performed for HLA-A, HLA-ABC, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO); CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ T cells were counted in intratumoral and stromal areas for both absolute numbers as well as their ratios. RESULTS While HLA-ABC and HLA-A expressions showed a positive correlation with CD8+ and FOXP3+ TIL infiltration, IDO expression showed a negative correlation with FOXP3+/CD4+ and FOXP3+/CD8+ T cell ratios. Expressions of HLA-ABC, HLA-A, and IDO shared an association with negative estrogen receptor status. Infiltration of CD4+, CD8+, and FOXP3+ TILs was significantly higher in tumors with high histologic grade, negative hormone receptor status, HER2 amplification, high Ki-67 index, and p53 overexpression. In survival analyses, increased CD4+ TIL infiltration was associated with better prognosis of the patients while other TIL subset infiltration and expression of immunomodulatory proteins had no prognostic significance. In subgroup analyses, high CD4+ TIL infiltration was revealed as an independent good prognostic factor in hormone receptor-negative subgroup while high FOXP3+/CD8+ T cell ratio was found to be an independent adverse prognostic factor in hormone receptor-positive subgroup, especially in luminal A subtype. CONCLUSION CD4+ TIL subset and FOXP3+/CD8+ T cell ratio have different prognostic significance in breast cancer according to hormone receptor status.
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Maeda A, Eguchi H, Nakahata K, Lo PC, Yamanaka K, Kawamura T, Matsuura R, Sakai R, Asada M, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. Monocytic MDSCs regulate macrophage-mediated xenogenic cytotoxicity. Transpl Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26209355 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenotransplantation is considered to be one of the most attractive strategies for overcoming the worldwide shortage of organs. However, many obstructions need to be overcome before it will achieve clinical use in patients. One such obstacle is the development of an effective immunosuppressive strategy. We previously reported that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a heterogeneous population of progenitor and immature myeloid cells, suppress xenogenic CTL-mediated cytotoxicity. Because of their heterogeneous nature, MDSC can function via several suppressive mechanisms that disrupt both innate and adaptive immunity. Since macrophages play a pivotal role in the rejection of a xenograft, in this study, we evaluated the suppressive effects of MDSC against macrophage-mediated xenogenic rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the effect of monocyte-derived MDSCs on xenogenic immune reactions, a CFSE(carboxyfluorescein diacetate, succinimidyl ester)assay was employed to assess cytotoxicity. RESULTS While, in the absence of activation, primed MDSCs had no detectable effect on macrophage-induced cytotoxicity against SEC cells, LPS-activated MDSCs were found to significantly suppress xenogenic cytotoxicity. A CFSE cytotoxicity assay revealed that MDSCs significantly suppressed macrophage-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, an indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, 1-methyl tryptophan (1-MT), abolished the MDSC-induced suppression of macrophage-mediated xeno-rejection, indicating that MDSCs may suppress macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in an IDO-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that MDSCs have great potential for immunosuppressing macrophage-mediated xeno-rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kengo Nakahata
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pei-Chi Lo
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yamanaka
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuji Kawamura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rei Matsuura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Rieko Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Asada
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Okuyama
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuji Miyagawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Xie FT, Cao JS, Zhao J, Yu Y, Qi F, Dai XC. IDO expressing dendritic cells suppress allograft rejection of small bowel transplantation in mice by expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Transpl Immunol 2015; 33:69-77. [PMID: 26002283 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism, suppresses T-cell responses by tryptophan depletion and accumulation of kynurenine metabolites. IDO prevents allograft rejection in various transplantations. METHODS Dendritic cells (DC) highly expressing IDO (IDO(+) DC) were cultured through transduction of adenovirus vectors carrying the IDO sequence. IDO(+) DC were incubated with CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells to detect T cell proliferation. The effects of IDO(+) DC and 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) were verified in an allogeneic murine small bowel transplantation (SBT) model. Foxp3(+) Treg cells of recipient mice were detected by flow cytometry and cytokines in plasma were determined by ELISA. RESULTS IDO(+) DC effectively suppressed proliferation of CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells in vitro, and this effect could be enhanced by adding 3-HAA. In the SBT transplantation model, both 3-HAA (P < 0.05) and IDO(+) DC (P < 0.01) prolonged the survival time of transplanted mice. Mice treated with IDO(+) DC achieved longer mean survival time than 3-HAA administrated mice (11.5d vs. 18.5d). Grafts from IDO(+) DC, 3-HAA and combination treatment group showed reduced inflammation and minimal architectural distortion. IFN-γ production was significantly inhibited by IDO(+) DC and 3-HAA (P<0.05). The expression of IL-2 was slightly lower with 3-HAA or IDO(+) DC treatment. However, IL-10 was higher in 3-HAA, IDO(+) DC and combination treatment groups, while TGF-β was elevated in all non-control groups. CONCLUSIONS IDO(+) DC plus 3-HAA has an immunoprotective role and represents a potential strategy to suppress acute rejection and prolong survival of grafts in SBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tao Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ji Sen Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Chen Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Polyzos KA, Ovchinnikova O, Berg M, Baumgartner R, Agardh H, Pirault J, Gisterå A, Assinger A, Laguna-Fernandez A, Bäck M, Hansson GK, Ketelhuth DFJ. Inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes vascular inflammation and increases atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:295-302. [PMID: 25750192 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is initiated by the retention and accumulation of low-density lipoprotein in the artery, leading to maladaptive response of cells from the immune system and vessel wall. Strong evidence implicates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) degradation, with immune regulation and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in different diseases. However, the role of IDO and the endogenous degradation of Trp have never been directly examined in atherosclerosis development. We used the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-Trp (1-MT) to determine the role of IDO-mediated Trp metabolism in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Apoe(-/-) mice were treated with 1-MT in drinking water for 8 weeks. Systemic IDO inhibition led to a significant increase in atherosclerotic lesions that were ∼58 and 54% larger in the aortic arch and root, respectively. 1-MT treatment enhanced vascular inflammation, up-regulated VCAM-1 and CCL2, and increased CD68 macrophage accumulation into the plaque. Notably, the rise in VCAM-1 expression was not limited to the plaque but also found in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the tunica media. Furthermore, we found that IDO-dependent Trp metabolism by SMCs regulates VCAM-1 expression, and that 1-MT-induced acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation can be reversed by exogenous administration of the Trp metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). CONCLUSION IDO-mediated Trp metabolism regulates vascular inflammation and plaque formation in hypercholesterolaemic Apoe(-/-) mice. Our data establish that this pathway plays a major role in the pathological process of atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A Polyzos
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Olga Ovchinnikova
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Martin Berg
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Roland Baumgartner
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Hanna Agardh
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - John Pirault
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andres Laguna-Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Department of Medicine, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:03, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm S-17176, Sweden
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