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Cheng B, Hassan MJ, Peng D, Huang T, Peng Y, Li Z. Spermidine or spermine pretreatment regulates organic metabolites and ions homeostasis in favor of white clover seed germination against salt toxicity. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 207:108379. [PMID: 38266560 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
White clover is widely cultivated as a leguminous forage or ground cover plant worldwide. However, soil salinization decreases its yield and quality. Aims of the present experiment were to elucidate the impact of seed pretreatment with spermidine (Spd) or spermine (Spm) on amylolysis, Na+/K+ accumulation, and metabolic homeostasis during germination. Seed was soaked in distilled water (control), Spd or Spm solution and then germinated under optimal or salt stress conditions for 7 days. Results showed that germination vigor, germination percentage, or seed vigour index of seeds pretreatment with Spd increased by 7%, 11%, or 70% when compared with water-pretreated seeds under salt stress, respectively. Germination percentage or seed vigour index of seeds pretreatment with Spm increased by 17% or 78% than water-pretreated seeds under saline condition, respectively. In response to salt stress, accelerated amylolysis via activation of β-amylase activity was induced by Spd or Spm pretreatment. Spd or Spm pretreatment also significantly enhanced accumulation of diverse amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and other metabolites (putrescine, myo-inositol, sorbitol, daidzein etc.) associated with enhanced osmotic adjustment, antioxidant capacity, and energy supply during germination under salt stress. In addition, Spd or Spm pretreatment not only significantly reduced salt-induced K+ loss and overaccumulation of Na+, but also improved the ratio of K+ to Na+, contributing to Na+ and K+ balance in seedlings. In response to salt stress, seeds pretreatment with Spd or Spm up-regulated transcription level of NHX2 related to enhancement in compartmentation of Na+ from cytoplasm to vacuole, thus reducing Na+ toxicity in cytoplasm. Spm priming also uniquely up-regulated transcription levels of SKOR, HKT1, and HAL2 associated with K+ and Na + homeostasis and decline in cytotoxicity under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhen Cheng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dandan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Tian YZ, Chen JB, Zhang LL, Du X, Wei JJ, Fan H, Xu J, Wang HT, Guan L, Shi GL, Feng YC. Source profiles and contributions of biofuel combustion for PM 2.5, PM 10 and their compositions, in a city influenced by biofuel stoves. Chemosphere 2017; 189:255-264. [PMID: 28942251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Source and ambient samples were collected in a city in China that uses considerable biofuel, to assess influence of biofuel combustion and other sources on particulate matter (PM). Profiles and size distribution of biofuel combustion were investigated. Higher levels in source profiles, a significant increase in heavy-biomass ambient and stronger correlations of K+, Cl-, OC and EC suggest that they can be tracers of biofuel combustion. And char-EC/soot-EC (8.5 for PM2.5 and 15.8 for PM10 of source samples) can also be used to distinguish it. In source samples, water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were approximately 28.0%-68.8% (PM2.5) and 27.2%-43.8% (PM10) of OC. For size distribution, biofuel combustion mainly produces smaller particles. OC1, OC2, EC1 and EC2 abundances showed two peaks with one below 1 μm and one above 2 μm. An advanced three-way factory analysis model was applied to quantify source contributions to ambient PM2.5 and PM10. Higher contributions of coal combustion, vehicular emission, nitrate and biofuel combustion occurred during the heavy-biomass period, and higher contributions of sulfate and crustal dust were observed during the light-biomass period. Mass and percentage contributions of biofuel combustion were significantly higher in heavy-biomass period. The biofuel combustion attributed above 45% of K+ and Cl-, above 30% of EC and about 20% of OC. In addition, through analysis of source profiles and contributions, they were consistently evident that biofuel combustion and crustal dust contributed more to cation than to anion, while sulfate & SOC and nitrate showed stronger influence on anion than on cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ze Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jia-Bao Chen
- Nanning Environment Protection and Monitoring Station, Nanning, 530015, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xin Du
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin-Jin Wei
- Nanning Environment Protection and Monitoring Station, Nanning, 530015, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Nanning Environment Protection and Monitoring Station, Nanning, 530015, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hai-Ting Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Liao Guan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Guo-Liang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yin-Chang Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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