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Bizerra PFV, Itou da Silva FS, Gilglioni EH, Nanami LF, Klosowski EM, de Souza BTL, Raimundo AFG, Paulino Dos Santos KB, Mewes JM, Constantin RP, Mito MS, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Constantin J, Mingatto FE, Esquissato GNM, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, Constantin RP. The harmful acute effects of clomipramine in the rat liver: impairments in mitochondrial bioenergetics. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00184-4. [PMID: 37217012 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, has been linked to a few cases of acute hepatotoxicity. It is also recognized as a compound that hinders the functioning of mitochondria. Hence, the effects of clomipramine on mitochondria should endanger processes that are somewhat connected to energy metabolism in the liver. For this reason, the primary aim of this study was to examine how the effects of clomipramine on mitochondrial functions manifest in the intact liver. For this purpose, we used the isolated perfused rat liver, but also isolated hepatocytes and isolated mitochondria as experimental systems. According to the findings, clomipramine harmed metabolic processes and the cellular structure of the liver, especially the membrane structure. The considerable decrease in oxygen consumption in perfused livers strongly suggested that the mechanism of clomipramine toxicity involves the disruption of mitochondrial functions. Coherently, it could be observed that clomipramine inhibited both gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis, two processes that rely on ATP production within the mitochondria. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis ranged from 36.87μM to 59.64μM. The levels of ATP as well as the ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios were reduced, but distinctly, between the livers of fasted and fed rats. The results obtained from experiments conducted on isolated hepatocytes and isolated mitochondria unambiguously confirmed previous propositions about the effects of clomipramine on mitochondrial functions. These findings revealed at least three distinct mechanisms of action, including uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of the FoF1-ATP synthase complex, and inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow. The elevation in activity of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes detected in the effluent perfusate from perfused livers, coupled with the increase in aminotransferase release and trypan blue uptake observed in isolated hepatocytes, provided further evidence of the hepatotoxicity of clomipramine. It can be concluded that impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular damage are important factors underlying the hepatotoxicity of clomipramine and that taking excessive amounts of clomipramine can lead to several risks including decreased ATP production, severe hypoglycemia, and potentially fatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Francisco Veiga Bizerra
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Sayuri Itou da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Hideo Gilglioni
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Fernanda Nanami
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Makiyama Klosowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Byanca Thais Lima de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Gatto Raimundo
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Karina Borba Paulino Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Moraes Mewes
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Renato Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Shigueaki Mito
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Jorgete Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Ermínio Mingatto
- Laboratory of Metabolic and Toxicological Biochemistry, São Paulo State University, Dracena 17900-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Dantas Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo Ferrarese-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Polimeni Constantin
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil.
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Villalobos-García D, Ayhllon-Osorio CA, Hernández-Muñoz R. The fructose-dependent acceleration of ethanol metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114498. [PMID: 33675773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate how fructose is able to increase the rate of ethanol metabolism in the liver, an observation previously termed the fructose effect. Previous studies suggest that an increase in ATP consumption driven by glucose synthesis from fructose stimulates the oxidation of NADH in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, allowing faster oxidation of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase; however, this idea has been frequently challenged. We tested the effects of fructose, sorbose and tagatose both in vitro and in vivo. Both ethanol and each sugar were either added to isolated hepatocytes or injected intraperitoneally in the rat. In the in vitro experiments, samples were taken from the hepatocyte suspension in a time-dependent manner and deproteinized with perchloric acid. In the in vivo experiments, blood samples were taken every 15 min and the metabolites were determined in the plasma. These metabolites include ethanol, glucose, glycerol, sorbitol, lactate, fructose and sorbose. Ethanol oxidation by rat hepatocytes was increased by more than 50% with the addition of fructose. The stimulation was accompanied by increased glucose, glycerol, lactate and sorbitol production. A similar effect was observed with sorbose, while tagatose had no effect. The same pattern was observed in the in vivo experiments. This effect was abolished by inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase with 4-methylpyrazole, whereas inhibition of the respiratory chain with cyanide did not affect the fructose effect. In conclusion, present results provide evidence that, by reducing glyceraldehyde and glycerol and fructose to sorbitol, respectively, NADH is consumed, allowing an increase in the elimination of ethanol. Hence, this effect is not linked to a stimulation of mitochondrial re-oxidation of NADH driven by ATP consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Villalobos-García
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-243, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Ayhllon-Osorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-243, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70-243, Coyoacán, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.
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Dossymbekova R, Bgatova N, Tungushbayeva Z, Sharipov K, Taneyeva G, Kydyrbaeva A, Solovieva A. Effect of lithium carbonate on autophagy and proliferative activity of isolated hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:343-346. [PMID: 32209260 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The hepatocytes were cultivated in the presence of lithium carbonate (LC) for drugs testing or possible source for transplantation in the treatment of hereditary or terminal liver diseases. The LC, as an inducer of autophagy, is a promising drug for maintaining cell homeostasis and has a significant effect on the ultrastructural organization of hepatocyte cells. Within current investigation, new mechanisms of the biological effects of lithium and the ultrastructural analysis of the primary culture of hepatocytes were studied via flow cytofluorometry, light, and electron microscopy methods. Obtained results demonstrate the absence of the toxic effect of 5 mM of LC on the primary hepatocyte culture. In addition, LC does not block the cell cycle at the G0/G1 stage after 24 h of hepatocyte cultivation and promotes the preservation of their viability by 48 h of the experiment. Moreover, LC does not stimulate hepatocyte apoptosis, induces autophagy and the preserves the proliferative activity of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Dossymbekova
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan.
| | - Nataliya Bgatova
- Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology-Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - Zina Tungushbayeva
- Department of Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences and Geography, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan
| | - Kamalidin Sharipov
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulzhan Taneyeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan
| | - Asem Kydyrbaeva
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan
| | - Anastasiya Solovieva
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Active Compounds Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
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Vélez EJ, Perelló-Amorós M, Lutfi E, Azizi S, Capilla E, Navarro I, Pérez-Sánchez J, Calduch-Giner JA, Blasco J, Fernández-Borràs J, Gutiérrez J. A long-term growth hormone treatment stimulates growth and lipolysis in gilthead sea bream juveniles. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 232:67-78. [PMID: 30885833 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of the endocrine growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) system by the treatment with a sustained release formulation of a recombinant bovine GH (rBGH), is a good strategy to investigate growth optimization in aquaculture fish species. To further deepen into the knowledge of rBGH effects in fish and to estimate the growth potential of juveniles of gilthead sea bream, the present work evaluated rBGH injection on growth, GH/IGF-I axis and lipid metabolism modulation, and explored the conservation of GH effects provoked by the in vivo treatment using in vitro models of different tissues. The rBGH treatment increased body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) in juveniles and potentiated hyperplastic muscle growth while reducing circulating triglyceride levels. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the in vivo treatment enhanced also lipolysis in both isolated hepatocytes and adipocytes, as well as in day 4 cultured myocytes. Furthermore, these cultured myocytes extracted from rBGH-injected fish presented higher gene expression of GH/IGF-I axis-related molecules and myogenic regulatory factors, as well as stimulated myogenesis (i.e. increased protein expression of a proliferation and a differentiation marker) compared to Control fish-derived cells. These data, suggested that cells in vitro can retain some of the pathways activated by in vivo treatments in fish, what can be considered an interesting line of applied research. Overall, the results showed that rBGH stimulates somatic growth, including specifically muscle hyperplasia, as well as lipolytic activity in gilthead sea bream juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Vélez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miquel Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esmail Lutfi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sheida Azizi
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Encarnación Capilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaume Pérez-Sánchez
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Josep A Calduch-Giner
- Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Josefina Blasco
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaume Fernández-Borràs
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Gutiérrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Heidari R, Babaei H, Eghbal MA. Cytoprotective Effects of Organosulfur Compounds against Methimazole Induced Toxicity in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:135-42. [PMID: 24312826 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Methimazole is a drug widely used in hyperthyroidism. However, life threatening hepatotoxicity has been associated with its clinical use. No protective agent has been found to be effective against methimazole induced hepatotoxicity yet. Hence, the capacity of organosulfur compounds to protect rat hepatocytes against cytotoxic effects of methimazole and its proposed toxic metabolite, N-methylthiourea was evaluated. METHODS Hepatocytes were prepared by the method of collagenase enzyme perfusion via portal vein. Cells were treated with different concentrations of methimazole, N methylthiourea, and organosulfur chemicals. Cell death, protein carbonylation, reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial depolarization were assessed as toxicity markers and the role of organosulfurs administration on them was investigated. RESULTS Methimazole caused a decrease in cellular glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse, and protein carbonylation. In addition, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation was observed. Treating hepatocytes with N methylthiourea caused a reduction in hepatocytes glutathione reservoirs and an elevation in carbonylated proteins, but no significant ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, or mitochondrial depolarization was observed. N-acetyl cysteine, allylmercaptan, and diallyldisulfide attenuated cell death and prevented ROS formation and lipid peroxidation caused by methimazole. Furthermore, organosulfur compounds diminished methimazole induced mitochondrial damage and reduced the carbonylated proteins. In addition, these chemicals showed protective effects against cell death and protein carbonylation induced by methimazole metabolite. CONCLUSION Organosulfur chemicals extend their protective effects against methimazole-induced toxicity by attenuating oxidative stress caused by this drug and preventing the adverse effects of methimazole and/or its metabolite (s) on subcellular components such as mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and toxicology department, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and toxicology department, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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