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Prescott MA, Moulton H, Pastey MK. An alternative strategy to increasing influenza virus replication for vaccine production in chicken embryo fibroblast (DF-1) cells by inhibiting interferon alpha and beta using peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38353513 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Influenza is a global health issue causing substantial health and economic burdens on affected populations. Routine, annual vaccination for influenza virus is recommended for all persons older than 6 months of age. The propagation of the influenza virus for vaccine production is predominantly through embryonated chicken eggs.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Many challenges face the propagation of the virus, including but not limited to low yields and lengthy production times. The development of a method to increase vaccine production in eggs or cell lines by suppressing cellular gene expression would be helpful to overcome some of the challenges facing influenza vaccine production.Aims. This study aimed to increase influenza virus titres by using a peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PPMO), an antisense molecule, to suppress protein expression of the host genes interferon alpha (IFN-α) and interferon beta (IFN-β) in chicken embryo fibroblast (DF-1) cells.Methods. The toxicity of PPMOs was evaluated by cytotoxicity assays, and their specificity to inhibit IFN-α and IFN-β proteins was measured by ELISA. We evaluated the potential of anti-IFN-α and anti-IFN-β PPMOs to reduce the antiviral proteins in influenza virus-infected DF-1 cells and compared the virus titres to untreated controls, nonsense-PPMO and JAK/STAT inhibitors. The effects of complementation and reconstitution of IFN-α and IFN-β proteins in PPMO-treated-infected cells were evaluated, and the virus titres were compared between treatment groups.Results. Suppression of IFN-α by PPMO resulted in significantly reduced levels of IFN-α protein in treated wells, as measured by ELISA and was shown to not have any cytotoxicity to DF-1 cells at the effective concentrations tested. Treatment of the self-directing PPMOs increased the ability of the influenza virus to replicate in DF-1 cells. Over a 2-log10 increase in viral production was observed in anti-IFN-α and IFN-β PPMO-treated wells compared to those of untreated controls at the initial viral input of 0.1 multiplicity of infection. The data from complementation and reconstitution of IFN-α and IFN-β proteins in PPMO-treated-infected cells was about 82 and 97% compared to the combined PPMO-treated but uncomplemented group and untreated group, respectively. There was a 0.5-log10 increase in virus titre when treated with anti-IFN-α and IFN-β PPMO compared to virus titre when treated with JAK/STAT inhibitors.Conclusions. This study emphasizes the utility of PPMO in allowing cell cultures to produce increased levels of influenza for vaccine production or alternatively, as a screening tool to cheaply test targets prior to the development of permanent knockouts of host gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan A Prescott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 97331, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Hong Moulton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Manoj K Pastey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 97331, USA
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Liang D, Wang Q, Zhang W, Tang H, Song C, Yan Z, Liang Y, Wang H. JAK/STAT in leukemia: a clinical update. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:25. [PMID: 38273387 PMCID: PMC10811937 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, considerable efforts have been expended on understanding the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in leukemia, following the identification of the JAK2V617F mutation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). The aim of this review is to summarize the latest progress in our understanding of the involvement of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the development of leukemia. We also attempt to provide insights into the current use of JAK/STAT inhibitors in leukemia therapy and explore pertinent clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Yan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Yang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China.
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Manoharan A, Atmakur H, Dutta Majumder P, Biswas J. Branch retinal vein occlusion in a case of recalcitrant diffuse anterior scleritis treated with tofacitinib. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 37755540 PMCID: PMC10533758 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-023-00359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A 47-year-old woman with hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis presented with non-necrotizing scleritis in both eyes. Despite a course of oral corticosteroids, she continued to experience persistent symptoms. A rheumatologist was consulted and initiated treatment with tofacitinib, a JAK/STAT inhibitor. Treatment with tofacitinib and oral corticosteroids resulted in an improvement in the scleritis in both eyes. However, a fundus examination of her left eye revealed a superior-temporal branch retinal vein occlusion. Given the growing concern regarding the increased risk of thromboembolic events with tofacitinib therapy, it is essential to consider the risk of retinal vascular occlusions when starting tofacitinib therapy, particularly in patients with underlying systemic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Manoharan
- Department of Uvea, Sankara Nethralaya, 41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Harshita Atmakur
- Department of Uvea, Sankara Nethralaya, 41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India
| | | | - Jyotirmay Biswas
- Director of Uveitis and Ocular Pathology Department, Sankara Nethralaya, 41, College Road, Nungambakkam, Chennai, 600006, India.
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Ovilla-Martinez R, Cota-Rangel X, De La Peña-Celaya J, Alvarado-Zepeda MA, Jiménez Sastré A, Azuara Forcelledo H, Ordoñez Rodriguez B, Pulido Broca J, Molina Jaimes A, Muñiz-Carvajal A, Bahena García MM, Cervera Ceballos E, Zapata Canto NP, García Mendez JO, García Jímenez ON, Salas Heredia JA, Solis Soto J, Villalobos Mendez RA, Ignacio Ibarra G, Ledesma de la Cruz C, Araujo Martinez N, Juárez Lara J, Ceballos Zuñiga CO, Villaseñor Pérez FV, Herrera Garcia JC, Nuche Salazar P, Dominguez Paregrina A, Arizpe Bravo B, Enciso Figueroa G, Trujillo T, Miguel Álvarez A, García Gallegos DDJ, Ortiz Arroyo A, Solorzano Soto CI, Jaramillo Ramírez HJ, De la Cruz Hernández I, De Gante Martínez S, Montesinos Gómez GE, Martínez Velasco S, García Graullera R, Vázquez López MA, Urbalejo Ceniceros VI, Lugo García Y, González Ávila AI, Duque Rodriguez J, Ruiz Luján R, Rodríguez Rivera VI, Soberanes Ramírez L, Baez-Islas PE. Ruxolitinib as a treatment strategy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: clinical experience in a real-world setting. J Infect Dev Ctries 2022; 16:63-72. [PMID: 35192523 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterised by a viral phase and a severe pro-inflammatory phase. The inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway limits the pro-inflammatory state in moderate to severe COVID-19. METHODOLOGY We analysed the data obtained by an observational cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treated with ruxolitinib in 22 hospitals of Mexico. The applied dose was determined based on physician's criteria. The benefit of ruxolitinib was evaluated using the 8-points ordinal scale developed by the NIH in the ACTT1 trial. Duration of hospital stay, changes in pro-inflammatory laboratory values, mortality, and toxicity were also measured. RESULTS A total of 287 patients were reported at 22 sites in Mexico from March to June 2020; 80.8% received ruxolitinib 5 mg BID and 19.16% received ruxolitinib 10 mg BID plus standard of care. At beginning of treatment, 223 patients were on oxygen support and 59 on invasive ventilation. The percentage of patients on invasive ventilation was 53% in the 10 mg and 13% in the 5 mg cohort. A statistically significant improvement measured as a reduction by 2 points on the 8-point ordinal scale was described (baseline 5.39 ± 0.93, final 3.67± 2.98, p = 0.0001). There were 74 deaths. Serious adverse events were presented in 6.9% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Ruxolitinib appears to be safe in COVID-19 patients, with clinical benefits observed in terms of decrease in the 8-point ordinal scale and pro-inflammatory state. Further studies must be done to ensure efficacy against mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alejandro Jiménez Sastré
- Internal Medicine, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Juan Pulido Broca
- Internal Medicine, Instituto de Seguridad Social del Estado de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Aaron Molina Jaimes
- Infectology, ISSSTE Hospital Regional Tipo B de Alta Especialidad Bicentenario de la Independencia, Tultitlan de Mariano Escobedo, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Muñiz-Carvajal
- Internal Medicine, Hospital General De Cancún "Jesús Kumate Rodriguez", Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier Solis Soto
- Intensive Care, Hospital Star Medica Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | - Gregorio Ignacio Ibarra
- Hematology, Hospital General Regional 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cindy Ledesma de la Cruz
- Hematology, Hospital General Regional 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nora Araujo Martinez
- Internal Medicine, Centro Medico de Especialidades Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | - Jessi Juárez Lara
- Hematology, Hospital General Regional 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Teresita Trujillo
- Pneumology, Grupo Medico en Contra del Coronavirus, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adriana Miguel Álvarez
- Hematology, Hospital General Regional 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Ortiz Arroyo
- Internal Medicine, Centro Medico de Especialidades Ciudad Juarez, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yolanda Lugo García
- Hematology, Hospital General Regional 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Itamar González Ávila
- Hematology, Hospital General Regional 1 Dr. Carlos Mac Gregor Sanchez Navarro IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rodolfo Ruiz Luján
- Internal Medicine, Hospital General de Mexicali, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
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