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Kim J, Jeon S, Choi JP, Blazyte A, Jeon Y, Kim JI, Ohashi J, Tokunaga K, Sugano S, Fucharoen S, Al-Mulla F, Bhak J. The Origin and Composition of Korean Ethnicity Analyzed by Ancient and Present-Day Genome Sequences. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:553-565. [PMID: 32219389 PMCID: PMC7250502 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Koreans are thought to be an ethnic group of admixed northern and southern subgroups. However, the exact genetic origins of these two remain unclear. In addition, the past admixture is presumed to have taken place on the Korean peninsula, but there is no genomic scale analysis exploring the origin, composition, admixture, or the past migration of Koreans. Here, 88 Korean genomes compared with 91 other present-day populations showed two major genetic components of East Siberia and Southeast Asia. Additional paleogenomic analysis with 115 ancient genomes from Pleistocene hunter-gatherers to Iron Age farmers showed a gradual admixture of Tianyuan (40 ka) and Devil’s gate (8 ka) ancestries throughout East Asia and East Siberia up until the Neolithic era. Afterward, the current genetic foundation of Koreans may have been established through a rapid admixture with ancient Southern Chinese populations associated with Iron Age Cambodians. We speculate that this admixing trend initially occurred mostly outside the Korean peninsula followed by continuous spread and localization in Korea, corresponding to the general admixture trend of East Asia. Over 70% of extant Korean genetic diversity is explained to be derived from such a recent population expansion and admixture from the South.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Kim
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Pil Choi
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation, Osong, Republic of Korea
| | - Asta Blazyte
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeon
- Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Archaeology and Art History, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait
| | - Jong Bhak
- Personal Genomics Institute (PGI), Genome Research Foundation, Osong, Republic of Korea.,Korean Genomics Center (KOGIC), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Clinomics Inc, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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