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Zhao Y, Guo S, Li S, Ye E, Wang W, Wang T, Wen Y, Guo L. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction, anti-biofilm activity, and mechanism of action of Ku Shen ( Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) extracts against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1379341. [PMID: 38596374 PMCID: PMC11003267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1379341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix) extracts (KSE) against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and explore their anti-biofilm activity and mechanism of action. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process of KSE optimized by single factor experiment, Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology was as follows: 93% ethanol as solvent, liquid/material ratio of 30 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 500 W, extraction temperature of 80°C and time of 30 min. Under these conditions, the diameter of inhibition circle of KSE was 15.60 ± 0.17 mm, which had no significant difference with the predicted value. The yield of dried KSE is 32.32 ± 0.57% and the content of total flavonoids in KSE was 57.02 ± 5.54%. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of KSE against V. parahaemolyticus were 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Crystal violet staining, Congo red plate, spectrophotometry, CCK-8 and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the activity and mechanism of action of KSE against V. parahaemolyticus biofilm. The results showed that the sub-MIC of KSE could significantly inhibit biofilm formation, reduce the synthesis of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) and the secretion of extracellular DNA. In addition, the inhibition rate of biofilm formation and clearance rate of mature biofilm of 1.0 mg/mL KSE were 85.32 and 74.04%, and the reduction rate of metabolic activity of developing and mature biofilm were 77.98 and 74.46%, respectively. These results were confirmed by visual images obtained by scanning electron microscopy. Therefore, KSE has the potential to further isolate the anti-biofilm agent and evaluate it for the preservation process of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Siya Guo
- College of Kangda, Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuge Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Enjun Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wenfang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Yang N, Liang B, Srivastava K, Zeng J, Zhan J, Brown L, Sampson H, Goldfarb J, Emala C, Li XM. The Sophora flavescens flavonoid compound trifolirhizin inhibits acetylcholine induced airway smooth muscle contraction. Phytochemistry 2013; 95:259-267. [PMID: 23993294 PMCID: PMC4118489 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a serious health problem worldwide, particularly in industrialized countries. Despite a better understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma, there are still considerable gaps in knowledge as well as a need for classes of drugs. ASHMI™ (Anti-asthma Herbal Medicine Intervention) is an aqueous extract of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) P. Karst (Ling Zhi), Sophora flavescens Aiton (Ku Shen) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. ex DC (Gan Cao). It prevents allergic asthma airway hyper-reactivity in mice and inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) induced airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction in tracheal rings from allergic asthmatic mice. The purpose of this research was to identify individual herb(s) and their active compound(s) that inhibit ASM contraction. It was found that S. flavescens, but not G. lucidum or G. uralensis aqueous extracts, inhibited ASM contraction in tracheal rings from asthmatic mice. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of flavonoid fractions/compound(s) via methylene chloride extraction, preparative HPLC fractionation, and LC-MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses showed that trifolirhizin is an active constituent that inhibits acetylcholine mediated ASM contraction or directly relaxes pre-contracted ASM independent of β2-adrenoceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Banghao Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Kamal Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Jia Zeng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - LaVerne Brown
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Hugh Sampson
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
| | - Joseph Goldfarb
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Charles Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Chinese Herbal Therapy for Asthma and Allergy, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322
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