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Chen L, Wang YY, Li D, Wang C, Wang SY, Shao SH, Zhu ZY, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Ruan Y, Han BM, Xia SJ, Jiang CY, Zhao FJ. LMO2 upregulation due to AR deactivation in cancer-associated fibroblasts induces non-cell-autonomous growth of prostate cancer after androgen deprivation. Cancer Lett 2021; 503:138-150. [PMID: 33503448 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in prostate fibroblasts in addition to normal prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Moreover, AR activation in fibroblasts dramatically influences prostate cancer (PCa) cell behavior. Androgen deprivation leads to deregulation of AR downstream target genes in both fibroblasts and PCa cells. Here, we identified LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) as an AR target gene in prostate fibroblasts using ChIP-seq and revealed that LMO2 can be repressed directly by AR through binding to androgen response elements (AREs), which results in LMO2 overexpression after AR deactivation due to normal prostate fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) transformation or androgen deprivation therapy. Next, we investigated the mechanisms of LMO2 overexpression in fibroblasts and the role of this event in non-cell-autonomous promotion of PCa cells growth in the androgen-independent manner through paracrine release of IL-11 and FGF-9. Collectively, our data suggest that AR deactivation deregulates LMO2 expression in prostate fibroblasts, which induces castration resistance in PCa cells non-cell-autonomously through IL-11 and FGF-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yue-Yang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Deng Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Si-Hui Shao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Zhu
- Clinical Medical College, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yuan Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bang-Min Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shu-Jie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Chen-Yi Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Fu-Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China; Institute of Urology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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