1
|
Ashraf MA. A nuclear Pandora's box: functions of nuclear envelope proteins in cell division. AoB Plants 2023; 15:plac065. [PMID: 36779223 PMCID: PMC9910035 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is characteristic of eukaryotic cells and nuclear envelope proteins are conserved across the kingdoms. Over the years, the function of these proteins was studied in the intact nuclear envelope. Knowledge regarding the localization and function of nuclear envelope proteins during mitosis, after the nuclear envelope breaks down, is limited. Until recently, the localization of nuclear envelope proteins during mitosis has been observed with the mitotic apparatus. In this context, research in plant cell biology is more advanced compared to non-plant model systems. Although current studies shed light on the localization of nuclear envelope proteins, further experiments are required to determine what, if any, functional role different nuclear envelope proteins play during mitosis. This review will highlight our current knowledge about the role of nuclear envelope proteins and point out the unanswered questions as future direction.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ulm P, Jantsch V. Putting organelles in their place. eLife 2021; 10:69422. [PMID: 34018487 PMCID: PMC8139855 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments in C. elegans reveal new insights into how the ANC-1 protein helps to anchor the nucleus and other organelles in place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Ulm
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Jantsch
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao H, Kalra S, Jameson LE, Guerrero LA, Cain NE, Bolivar J, Starr DA. The Nesprin-1/-2 ortholog ANC-1 regulates organelle positioning in C. elegans independently from its KASH or actin-binding domains. eLife 2021; 10:e61069. [PMID: 33860766 PMCID: PMC8139857 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KASH proteins in the outer nuclear membrane comprise the cytoplasmic half of linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes that connect nuclei to the cytoskeleton. Caenorhabditis elegans ANC-1, an ortholog of Nesprin-1/2, contains actin-binding and KASH domains at opposite ends of a long spectrin-like region. Deletion of either the KASH or calponin homology (CH) domains does not completely disrupt nuclear positioning, suggesting neither KASH nor CH domains are essential. Deletions in the spectrin-like region of ANC-1 led to significant defects, but only recapitulated the null phenotype in combination with mutations in the transmembrane (TM) span. In anc-1 mutants, the endoplasmic reticulum ER, mitochondria, and lipid droplets were unanchored, moving throughout the cytoplasm. The data presented here support a cytoplasmic integrity model where ANC-1 localizes to the ER membrane and extends into the cytoplasm to position nuclei, ER, mitochondria, and other organelles in place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Hao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Shilpi Kalra
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Laura E Jameson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Leslie A Guerrero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Natalie E Cain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Jessica Bolivar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Daniel A Starr
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
The biochemical characterization of proteins most often require their identification by immunoblotting. Whereas SDS-PAGE provides satisfactory results for most proteins, the identification of larger proteins requires alternative methods to ensure their separation and complete transfer onto nitrocellulose membranes. Here, we describe the application of vertical agarose gel electrophoresis to identify large isoforms of nesprin-1 and nesprin-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Potter
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Didier Hodzic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Potter C, Zhu W, Razafsky D, Ruzycki P, Kolesnikov AV, Doggett T, Kefalov VJ, Betleja E, Mahjoub MR, Hodzic D. Multiple Isoforms of Nesprin1 Are Integral Components of Ciliary Rootlets. Curr Biol 2017. [PMID: 28625779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SYNE1 (synaptic nuclear envelope 1) encodes multiple isoforms of Nesprin1 (nuclear envelope spectrin 1) that associate with the nuclear envelope (NE) through a C-terminal KASH (Klarsicht/Anc1/Syne homology) domain (Figure 1A) [1-4]. This domain interacts directly with the SUN (Sad1/Unc84) domain of Sun proteins [5-7], a family of transmembrane proteins of the inner nuclear membrane (INM) [8, 9], to form the so-called LINC complexes (linkers of the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) that span the entire NE and mediate nuclear positioning [10-12]. In a stark departure from this classical depiction of Nesprin1 in the context of the NE, we report here that rootletin recruits Nesprin1α at the ciliary rootlets of photoreceptors and identify asymmetric NE aggregates of Nesprin1α and Sun2 that dock filaments of rootletin at the nuclear surface. In NIH 3T3 cells, we show that recombinant rootletin filaments also dock to the NE through the specific recruitment of an ∼600-kDa endogenous isoform of Nesprin1 (Nes1600kDa) and of Sun2. In agreement with the association of Nesprin1α with photoreceptor ciliary rootlets and the functional interaction between rootletin and Nesprin1 in fibroblasts, we demonstrate that multiple isoforms of Nesprin1 are integral components of ciliary rootlets of multiciliated ependymal and tracheal cells. Together, these data provide a novel functional paradigm for Nesprin1 at ciliary rootlets and suggest that the wide spectrum of human pathologies linked to truncating mutations of SYNE1 [13-15] may originate in part from ciliary defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Potter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wanqiu Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David Razafsky
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip Ruzycki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexander V Kolesnikov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Teresa Doggett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vladimir J Kefalov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ewelina Betleja
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Moe R Mahjoub
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Didier Hodzic
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khatau SB, Kim DH, Hale CM, Bloom RJ, Wirtz D. The perinuclear actin cap in health and disease. Nucleus 2010; 1:337-42. [PMID: 21327082 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.1.4.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated the existence of a previously uncharacterized subset of actomyosin fibers that form the perinuclear actin cap, a cytoskeletal structure that tightly wraps around the nucleus of a wide range of somatic cells. Fibers in the actin cap are distinct from well-characterized, conventional actin fibers at the basal and dorsal surfaces of adherent cells in their subcellular location, internal organization, dynamics, ability to generate contractile forces, response to cytoskeletal pharmacological treatments, response to biochemical stimuli, regulation by components of the linkers of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton (LINC) complexes, and response to disease-associated mutations in LMNA, the gene that encodes for the nuclear lamin component lamin A/C. The perinuclear actin cap precisely shapes the nucleus in interphase cells. The perinuclear actin cap may also be a mediator of microenvironment mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, as well as a regulator of cell motility, polarization and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam B Khatau
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|