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Leng S, Chaudhry N, Pacilli M, Nataraja RM. Evaluation of a novel home-based laparoscopic and core surgical skills programme (Monash Online Surgical Training). Surg Endosc 2024; 38:1813-1822. [PMID: 38302757 PMCID: PMC10978607 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Limitations to surgical education access were exacerbated during the COVID-19 Pandemic. In response, we created a national home-based comprehensive surgical skills course: Monash Online Surgical Training (MOST). Our aim was to evaluate the educational impact of this approach. METHODS A remote, 6-week course was designed with learning objectives aligned to the national surgical training. Participants received a personal laparoscopic bench trainer, instrument tracking software, live webinars, access to an online theoretical learning platform, and individualised feedback by system-generated or expert surgeons' assessments. Mixed method analysis of instrument tracking metrics, pre- and post-course questionnaires (11 core surgical domains) and participant comments was utilised. Data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 54 participants with varied levels of experience (1 to > 6 years post-graduate level) completed MOST. All 11 learning-outcome domains demonstrated statistically significant improvement including core laparoscopic skills (1.4/5 vs 2.8/5, p < 0.0001) and handling laparoscopic instruments (1.5/5 vs 2.8/5, p < 0.0001). A total of 3460 tasks were completed reflecting 158.2 h (9492 min) of practice, 394 were submitted for formal feedback. Participants rated the course (mean 8.5/10, SD 1.6), live webinars (mean 8.9/10, SD 1.6) and instrument tracking software (mean 8.6, SD 1.7) highly. Qualitative analysis revealed a paradigm shift including the benefits of a safe learning environment and self-paced, self-directed learning. CONCLUSION The MOST course demonstrates the successful implementation of a fully remote laparoscopic simulation course which participants found to be an effective tool to acquire core surgical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Leng
- Department of Paediatric Surgery & Monash Children's Simulation, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Noor Chaudhry
- Department of Paediatric Surgery & Monash Children's Simulation, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maurizio Pacilli
- Department of Paediatric Surgery & Monash Children's Simulation, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Clinical Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ramesh Mark Nataraja
- Department of Paediatric Surgery & Monash Children's Simulation, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, School of Clinical Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Gaete MI, Belmar F, Cortés M, Alseidi A, Asbun D, Durán V, Escalona G, Achurra P, Villagrán I, Crovari F, Pimentel F, Varas J. Remote and asynchronous training network: from a SAGES grant to an eight-country remote laparoscopic simulation training program. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:1458-1465. [PMID: 35764838 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09386-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitations in surgical simulation training include lack of access to validated training programs with continuous year-round training and lack of experts' ongoing availability for feedback. A model of simulation training was developed to address these limitations. It incorporated basic and advanced laparoscopic skills curricula from a previously validated program and provided instruction through a digital platform. The platform allowed for remote and asynchronous feedback from a few trained instructors. The instructors were continuously available and provided personalized feedback using a variety of different media. We describe the upscaling of this model to teach trainees at fourteen centers in eight countries. METHODS Institutions with surgical programs lacking robust simulation curricula and needing instructors for ongoing education were identified. The simulation centers ("skills labs") at these sites were equipped with necessary simulation training hardware. A remote training-the-administrators (TTA) program was developed where personnel were trained in how to manage the skills lab, schedule trainees, set up training stations, and use the platform. A train-the-trainers (TTT) program was created to establish a network of trained instructors, who provided objective feedback through the platform remotely and asynchronously. RESULTS Between 2019 and 2022, seven institutions in Chile and one in each of the USA, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, El Salvador, México, and Perú implemented a digital platform-based remote simulation curriculum. Most administrators were not physicians (19/33). Eight Instructors were trained with the TTT program and became active proctors. The platform has been used by 369 learners, of whom 57% were general surgeons and general surgery residents. A total of 6729 videos, 28,711 feedback inputs, and 233.7 and 510.2 training hours in the basic and advanced programs, respectively, were registered. CONCLUSION A remote and asynchronous method of giving instruction and feedback through a digital platform has been effectively employed in the creation of a robust network of continuous year-round simulation-based training in laparoscopy. Training centers were successfully run only with trained administrators to assist in logistics and setup, and no on-site instructors were necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Inés Gaete
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Belmar
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Cortés
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adnan Alseidi
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Domenech Asbun
- Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, USA
| | - Valentina Durán
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Escalona
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Achurra
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Villagrán
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Crovari
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Pimentel
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julián Varas
- Experimental Surgery and Simulation Center, Department of Digestive Surgery, Catholic University of Chile, Marcoleta 377, 2nd floor, Zip Code: 8330024, Santiago, Chile.
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Schaffer S, O’Neill P, Hassan S, Pearson M, Subramaniam M. Validating the Use of Peer-Assisted Learning Laparoscopic Simulation Training for Medical Students. Med Sci Educ 2021; 31:359-363. [PMID: 34457893 PMCID: PMC8368588 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-020-01199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medical students are often passive observers in laparoscopic theatres due to their lack of basic laparoscopic skill competence, which negatively impacts their education. This study aims to (1) validate the use of peer-assisted learning (PAL) to teach medical students basic laparoscopic skills on low-cost simulators and (2) compare the efficacy of PAL training between pre-clinical and clinical medical students to ascertain when this training should be introduced. Our results demonstrate significant training efficacy at both levels, suggesting that PAL simulation may be implemented at either stage of training, but may garner better retention of confidence and knowledge in the clinical medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Schaffer
- St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Parker O’Neill
- St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Shamira Hassan
- St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Marina Pearson
- St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Malvika Subramaniam
- St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE UK
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Trujillo Loli Y, D'Carlo Trejo Huamán M, Campos Medina S. Telementoring of in-home real-time laparoscopy using whatsapp messenger: An innovative teaching tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 62:481-484. [PMID: 33552507 PMCID: PMC7846469 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic has decreased worldwide surgical activity, thus impairing the training of surgical residents. As a coping strategy, we opted for laparoscopic simulation with endotrainer; however, due to social distancing rules, a face-to-face tutoring training method is unfeasible. In this context telementoring using WhatsApp® Messenger (owned by Facebook Inc., Menlo Park, CA) with a Smartphone aims to train surgical residents in laparoscopy from their homes during the pandemic. Methods Trainers and surgical residents who were at home participated in this study. They used endotrainers with Smartphone cameras and were trained by video calls using WhatsApp. The baseline and final score of intracorporeal knotting was measured, according to the Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) methodology, measuring the difference in means with the paired t-test. Recommendations for virtual surgical tutoring were followed and user satisfaction was measured using the Likert scale. Results 40 surgical residents participated. The average distance between the mentor and the trainee was 12.87 km. Average bandwidth was 32.5 Megabits per second (Mbits/s), latency was 424.5 ms (ms), good quality image with immediate feedback was achieved. The statistically significant difference between basal and final measurement was 23.7 points (p < 0.001). All participants found telementoring a good educational tool. Conclusion Smartphone telementoring using WhatsApp® Messenger is an effective educational tool for acquiring laparoscopic skills with a statistically significant difference. This type of training represents a new teaching resource in the light of the recommendations of social distancing during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeray Trujillo Loli
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Grau Block 7, Lima, 15001, Lima, Peru
- Lap Gym Perú Training Center, Jr Zeus 833, Lima, 15719, Lima, Peru
- Corresponding author. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Grau block 7, Lima, 15001, Lima, Peru.
| | - Mario D'Carlo Trejo Huamán
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Grau Block 7, Lima, 15001, Lima, Peru
- Lap Gym Perú Training Center, Jr Zeus 833, Lima, 15719, Lima, Peru
| | - Stefanie Campos Medina
- Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Alameda del Corregidor 1531, La Molina, 15024, Lima, Peru
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Soler-Silva Á, Sanchís-López A, Sánchez-Guillén L, López-Rodríguez-Arias F, Gómez-Pérez L, Quirós MJA, Sánchez-Ferrer ML, Escoriza JCM, Muñoz-Duyos A, Ramírez JM, Arroyo A. The Thiel cadaveric model for pelvic floor surgery: Best rated in transferable simulation-based training for postgraduate studies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 256:165-171. [PMID: 33248374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the Thiel cadaveric model is better and more realistic than other surgical simulation techniques for learning pelvic floor and perineal surgical procedures according to the opinions of urogynecologists and surgeons participating in international postgraduate pelvic floor surgery courses using cadavers embalmed by the Thiel method. STUDY DESIGN An observational prospective study was performed in urogynecologists and surgeons attending international postgraduate pelvic floor and perineal surgery courses using cadavers embalmed by the Thiel method. A survey was completed by the participants after finishing the course. Based on the answers collected, we analyzed the differences, including in the satisfaction degree and teaching level for each surgical procedure, between different surgical simulation models that the participants had already used and the Thiel simulation method employed. RESULTS The students recognized that Thiel cadavers present more similarities to patients than other simulation methods. The Thiel cadaveric method was considered by most responders to be the best for the simulation of surgical procedures on the pelvic floor and perineum. Most of the surgeons surveyed recommended conducting these courses with Thiel cadavers for different colleagues in other specialties as a reliable simulation method for training for difficult surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS Participants in the course on pelvic floor surgery in Thiel cadavers recognized that this is the most realistic model for surgical simulation and the best way to gain confidence, self-determination and precise surgical skills for performing pelvic floor and perineal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Soler-Silva
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Sanchís-López
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez-Guillén
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Alicante, Spain; Department of Pathology and Surgery of University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Gómez-Pérez
- Department of Pathology and Surgery of University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Alicante, Spain; Department of Urology, Sant Joan University Hospital, Alicante, Spain
| | - María José Alcaide Quirós
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Alicante, Spain; Department of Pathology and Surgery of University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Luisa Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Virgen de la Arrixaca" University Clinical Hospital, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain; Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Arantxa Muñoz-Duyos
- Department of General Surgery, MútuaTerrassa University Hospital, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Ramírez
- Department of Surgery. Institute for Health Research Aragón. University of Zaragoza. Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo
- Department of General Surgery, Colorectal Unit, Elche University Hospital, Alicante, Spain; Department of Pathology and Surgery of University Miguel Hernández of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Garbens A, Armstrong BA, Louridas M, Tam F, Detsky AS, Schweizer TA, Graham SJ, Grantcharov T. Brain activation during laparoscopic tasks in high- and low-performing medical students: a pilot fMRI study. Surg Endosc 2020; 34:4837-45. [PMID: 31754848 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 20% of medical students are unable to reach competency in laparoscopic surgery. It is unknown whether these difficulties arise from heterogeneity in neurological functioning across individuals. We sought to examine the differences in neurological functioning during laparoscopic tasks between high- and low-performing medical students using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS This prospective cohort study enrolled North American medical students who were within the top 20% and bottom 20% of laparoscopic performers from a previous study. Brain activation was recorded using fMRI while participants performed peg-pointing, intracorporeal knot tying (IKT), and the Pictorial Surface Orientation (PicSOr) test. Brain activation maps were created and areas of activation were compared between groups. RESULTS In total, 9/12 high and 9/13 low performers completed the study. High performers completed IKT faster and made more successful knot ties than low performers [standing: 23.5 (5.0) sec vs. 37.6 (18.4) sec, p = 0.03; supine: 23.2 (2.5) sec vs. 72.7 (62.8) sec, p = 0.02; number of successful ties supine, 3 ties vs. 1 tie, p = 0.01]. Low performers showed more brain activation than high performers in the peg-pointing task (q < 0.01), with no activation differences in the IKT task. There were no behavioral differences in the PiCSOr task. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to show differences between low and high performers of laparoscopic tasks at the brain level. This pilot study has shown the feasibility of using fMRI to examine laparoscopic surgical skills. Future studies are needed for further exploration of our initial findings.
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Harrington CM, Bresler R, Ryan D, Dicker P, Traynor O, Kavanagh DO. The correlation between fundamental characteristics and first-time performance in laparoscopic tasks. Am J Surg 2017. [PMID: 28624230 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of characteristics to predict first time performance in laparoscopic tasks is not well described. Videogame experience predicts positive performance in laparoscopic experiences but its mechanism and confounding-association with aptitude remains to be elucidated. This study sought to evaluate for innate predictors of laparoscopic performance in surgically naive individuals with minimal videogame exposure. METHODS Participants with no prior laparoscopic exposure and minimal videogaming experience were recruited consecutively from preclinical years at a medical university. Participants completed four visuospatial, one psychomotor aptitude test and an electronic survey, followed by four laparoscopic tasks on a validated Virtual Reality simulator (LAP Mentor™). RESULTS Twenty eligible individuals participated with a mean age of 20.8 (±3.8) years. Significant intra-aptitude performance correlations were present amongst 75% of the visuospatial tests. These visuospatial aptitudes correlated significantly with multiple laparoscopic task metrics: number of movements of a dominant instrument (rs ≥ -0.46), accuracy rate of clip placement (rs ≥ 0.50) and time taken (rs ≥ -0.47) (p < 0.05). Musical Instrument experience predicted higher average speed of instruments (rs ≥ 0.47) (p < 0.05). Participant's revised competitive index level predicted lower proficiency in laparoscopic metrics including: pathlength, economy and number of movements of dominant instrument (rs ≥ 0.46) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Multiple visuospatial aptitudes and innate competitive level influenced baseline laparoscopic performances across several tasks in surgically naïve individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuan M Harrington
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Richard Bresler
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Donncha Ryan
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Patrick Dicker
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Oscar Traynor
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
| | - Dara O Kavanagh
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland
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Paschold M, Huber T, Maedge S, Zeissig SR, Lang H, Kneist W. Laparoscopic assistance by operating room nurses: Results of a virtual-reality study. Nurse Educ Today 2017; 51:68-72. [PMID: 28131934 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic assistance is often entrusted to a less experienced resident, medical student, or operating room nurse. Data regarding laparoscopic training for operating room nurses are not available. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to analyse the initial performance level and learning curves of operating room nurses in basic laparoscopic surgery compared with medical students and surgical residents to determine their ability to assist with this type of procedure. DESIGN The study was designed to compare the initial virtual reality performance level and learning curves of user groups to analyse competence in laparoscopic assistance. PARTICIPANTS The study subjects were operating room nurses, medical students, and first year residents. METHODS Participants performed three validated tasks (camera navigation, peg transfer, fine dissection) on a virtual reality laparoscopic simulator three times in 3 consecutive days. Laparoscopic experts were enrolled as a control group. Participants filled out questionnaires before and after the course. RESULTS Nurses and students were comparable in their initial performance (p>0.05). Residents performed better in camera navigation than students and nurses and reached the expert level for this task. Residents, students, and nurses had comparable bimanual skills throughout the study; while, experts performed significantly better in bimanual manoeuvres at all times (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The included user groups had comparable skills for bimanual tasks. Residents with limited experience reached the expert level in camera navigation. With training, nurses, students, and first year residents are equally capable of assisting in basic laparoscopic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Paschold
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - T Huber
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - S Maedge
- Department of Operating Room Management, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - S R Zeissig
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany
| | - W Kneist
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medicine of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany.
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Lahanas V, Loukas C, Georgiou E. A simple sensor calibration technique for estimating the 3D pose of endoscopic instruments. Surg Endosc 2015; 30:1198-204. [PMID: 26123335 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-015-4330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to describe a simple and easy-to-use calibration method that is able to estimate the pose (tip position and orientation) of a rigid endoscopic instrument with respect to an electromagnetic tracking device attached to the handle. METHODS A two-step calibration protocol was developed. First, the orientation of the instrument shaft is derived by performing a 360° rotation of the instrument around its shaft using a firmly positioned surgical trocar. Second, the 3D position of the instrument tip is obtained by allowing the tip to come in contact with a planar surface. RESULTS The results indicate submillimeter accuracy in the estimation of the tooltip position, and subdegree accuracy in the estimation of the shaft orientation, both with respect to a known reference frame. The assets of the proposed method are also highlighted by illustrating an indicative application in the field of augmented reality simulation. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is simple, inexpensive, does not require employment of special calibration frames, and has potential applications not only in training systems but also in the operating room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Lahanas
- Medical Physics Laboratory Simulation Centre, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Mikras Asias St. 75, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Constantinos Loukas
- Medical Physics Laboratory Simulation Centre, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Mikras Asias St. 75, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Georgiou
- Medical Physics Laboratory Simulation Centre, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Mikras Asias St. 75, 11527, Athens, Greece
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