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A M A, C M SS, Nair KR, V S A, Arumugam T, P UD, Sk K. Large Cardamom Extract Enhances Ramipril's Vasoprotective Action in the Aorta by Modulating Endothelial Redox Biology. An Evaluation based on In-silico and In-vitro Research. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2022; 18:CAD-EPUB-125708. [PMID: 35996271 DOI: 10.2174/1573409918666220820160834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms that cause a patient's blood pressure to rise are diverse. Controlling blood pressure with monotherapy acting through a single pathway may be unachievable. Combining a clinically used medication with herbal medicine can result in an antihypertensive effect that is two to five times greater than monotherapy. METHOD This study examined the effects of aqueous extracts of large cardamom and ramipril on the redox biology of nitric oxide and vascular reactivity in the isolated aorta incubated with a nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Molecular docking study was performed to predict the affinity of constituents of large cardamom extracts with the NOX 2 gene. RESULTS Nitric oxide (NO) levels, disordered antioxidant enzymes (glutathione and catalase), NADPH oxidase and lipid peroxidation were recovered when aqueous extract of large cardamom and ramipril were combined. A gradual increase in the percentage relaxation of acetylcholine in phenylephrine pre-contracted aorta indicates that the combination therapy prevents endothelial damage. The molecular docking study reveals the important phytoconstituents present in the large cardamom that can effectively bind with the NADPH oxidase for its antioxidant activity. Consculsion: According to our findings, it was evidenced that the large cardamom extract's vasoprotective action was mostly related to its ability to restore endothelial redox biology by suppressing NADPH oxidase activity. Our findings suggest that ramipril's direct impact on the eNOS/NO system, along with the antioxidant properties of AELC, could have a synergetic benefit in the treatment of hypertension, as well as lessen ramipril's existing side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritha A M
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Shakhi Shylesh C M
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Kavyanjana R Nair
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, , India-682041
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, , India-682041
| | - Arya V S
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Thennavan Arumugam
- Central Lab Animal Facility, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Uma Devi P
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
| | - Kanthlal Sk
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, Kerala, India-682041
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Nag A, Verma P, Paul S, Kundu R. In Silico Analysis of the Apoptotic and HPV Inhibitory Roles of Some Selected Phytochemicals Detected from the Rhizomes of Greater Cardamom. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4867-4891. [PMID: 35670907 PMCID: PMC9171093 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Occurrence of cervical cancer, caused due to persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, is common in women of developing countries. As the conventional treatments are expensive and associated with severe side effects, there is a need to find safer alternatives, which is affordable and less toxic to the healthy human cells. Present study aimed to evaluate the anti-HPV and apoptotic potential of four compounds from the greater cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb. var. Golsey), namely rhein, phytosphingosine, n-hexadecenoic acid and coronarin E. Their anti-HPV and apoptotic potential were studied against viral E6, E7 and few anti-apoptotic proteins of host cell (BCL2, XIAP, LIVIN) by in silico docking technique. Phytochemicals from the plant extract were analysed and identified by LC/MS and GC/MS. Involvement of the target proteins in various biological pathways was determined through KEGG. Structural optimization of the three-dimensional structures of the ligands (four phytochemicals and control drug) was done by Avogadro1.1. Receptor protein models were built using ProMod3 and other advanced tools. Pharmacophore modelling of the selected phytochemicals was performed in ZINCPharmer. Swiss ADME studies were undertaken to determine drug likeness. The ligands and proteins were digitally docked in DockThor docking program. Protein flexibility-molecular dynamic simulation helped to study protein–ligand stability in real time. Finally, the correlation of evaluated molecules was studied by the use of principal component analysis (PCA) based on the docking scores. All the ligands were found to possess apoptotic and anti-cancer activities and did not violate Lipinsky criteria. n-Hexadecanoic acid and its analogues showed maximum efficacy against the target proteins. All the protein–ligand interactions were found to be stable. The uncommon phytochemicals identified from rhizomes of greater cardamom have anti-cancer, apoptotic and HPV inhibitory potentials as analysed by docking and other in silico studies, which can be utilized in drug development after proper experimental validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Preeti Verma
- Laboratory of Advanced Cell Biology, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 700019
| | - Subhabrata Paul
- Institute of Health Sciences, Presidency University (2Nd Campus), Newtown, Kolkata, India
| | - Rita Kundu
- Laboratory of Advanced Cell Biology, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 700019.
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S K, V A, Paul-Prasanth B, M V, A RS, P UD. Aqueous extract of large cardamom inhibits vascular damage, oxidative stress, and metabolic changes in fructose-fed hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:622-632. [PMID: 34281445 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1925682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Since metabolic abnormalities such as elevated glucose level and imbalanced lipid profiles increase the risk for hypertension and cause endothelial dysfunction, we evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of large cardamom (AELC) on fructose-induced metabolic hypertension and oxidative stress. METHODS The male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups with 5 rats in each group, and each group was fed with 10% fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks. Starting from week 5, animals were treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/day AELC or Losartan (10 mg/kg/day). Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure was measured once in every seven days using the tail-cuff method. Vascular function, plasma nitric oxide (NO), glucose, lipid profiles, serum biochemical, and anti-oxidant parameters were also evaluated. RESULTS Rats fed with fructose showed higher blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, but decreased in the AELC or Losartan treatment group. Treatments with AELC prevented exaggerated plasma glucose and oxidative stress and restored the nitric oxide level in fructose-fed rats. Besides, it also reduced vascular proliferation and improved the relaxation response of acetylcholine in the aorta pre-contracted with phenylephrine. CONCLUSION In summary, the obtained results suggest that AELC can prevent and reverse the high blood pressure induced by fructose, probably by restoring nitric oxide level and by improving altered metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanthlal S
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Arya V
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | - Vijayakumar M
- Department. Of Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, India
| | - Rema Shree A
- Spices Board of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Govt. of India, Sugandha Bhavan, Palarivattom, Cochin, India
| | - Uma Devi P
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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Kanthlal SK, Joseph J, Paul B, M V, P UD. Antioxidant and vasorelaxant effects of aqueous extract of large cardamom in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2020; 42:581-589. [PMID: 32202168 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2020.1739699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present work aimed to study the effect of aqueous extract of large cardamom (AELC) to prevent vascular remodeling and oxidative stress in Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension. METHOD Male Wistar rats were administered with L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day for 28 days by oral gavage. The treatments included captopril (20 mg/kg/day) or AELC (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) along with L-NAME administration. RESULTS L-NAME treated rats showed high systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, decreased nitric oxide level, increased level of malondialdehyde in plasma, heart, aorta and kidney, hypertrophy of the vascular wall and reduced vascular response to acetylcholine in phenylephrine-precontracted aorta. Treatment with AELC markedly reduced the blood pressure, restored the nitric oxide level, reduced the malondialdehyde level, alleviated the hypertrophy in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Additionally, it also improved the vascular response to acetylcholine in phenylephrine pre-contracted aorta. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrate the preventive effect of AELC in L-NAME-induced hypertensive model, which is possibly related to antioxidant activities and restoration of nitric oxide level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kanthlal
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Jipnomon Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Bindhu Paul
- Amrita Centre for Nano Sciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Vijayakumar M
- Department of Cardiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
| | - Uma Devi P
- Department of Pharmacology, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham , Kochi, India
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Mary Mathew K, Reshma R, Geethu M, Rithin V, Swapna S, Gouthaman PP, Sabu KK, Nadiya F, Noushad MA, Dharan SS, Prakashkumar R, Remashree AB. Data on large cardamom transcriptome associated with Chirke disease. Data Brief 2020; 29:105047. [PMID: 31989006 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.105047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxburg), is an ancient spice native to North-Eastern India and Southeast Asia, which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae under the order Scitaminae. Large cardamom is mostly affected by a viral disease termed Chirke caused by Large Cardamom Chirke Virus (LCCV). These disease has spread due to drastic changes in the ecosystem, inadequate rain in dry months and absence of good agricultural practices by the farmers resulting in aphid infestations. In the present study, using HiSeq™ 2000 RNA sequencing technology transcriptome sequencing was performed for both control (disease not expressed) and diseased large cardamom leaf tissues. RNA-seq generated 77260968 (7.72 GB) and 72239708 (7.22 GB) paired raw reads for large cardamom control and diseased samples respectively. The raw data were submitted to the NCBI SRA database under the accession numbers SRX2529373 and SRX2529372 and the assembled transcriptomes were submitted to TSA under the accession numbers GIAV01000000 and GIAW01000000 for the control and diseased samples respectively. The raw reads were quality trimmed and assembled de novo using TRINITY assembler which created 156822 (control) and 148953 (diseased) contigs with N50 values 2107 (control) and 2182 (diseased). The data were used to identify the significantly differentially expressed genes between control and diseased samples.
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