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Thivisol UMCC, Binder MD, Hannan AJ, Pang TY. Loss of Tyro3 causes anxiety-relevant behavioural changes in female mice. Brain Res 2023; 1807:148319. [PMID: 36898476 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
White-matter brain abnormalities have been found across a variety of psychiatric disorders. The extent of white matter pathology is proposed to be predictive of the severity of anxiety disorders. However, it is still unknown whether disruptions of white matter integrity precede, and are sufficient to give rise to, the behavioural symptoms. Interestingly, mood disturbances feature prominently in central demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. It is unclear whether the greater frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms is linked to underlying neuropathology. In this study, we characterised male and female Tyro3 knockout (KO) mice using a variety of behavioural paradigms. Anxiety-related behaviours were assessed with the elevated-plus maze and light-dark box. Fear memory processing was assessed using fear conditioning and extinction paradigms. Finally, we assessed immobility time in the Porsolt swim test as a measure of depression-related behavioural despair. Surprisingly, loss of Tyro3 did not lead to manifestation of major shifts in baseline behaviour. We noted significant differences in habituation to novel environments and post-conditioning freezing levels of female Tyro3 KO mice, which are consistent with the female bias in anxiety disorders and could be indicative of maladaptive stress-responses. This study has demonstrated that white matter pathology related to a loss of Tyro3 is associated with pro-anxiety behavioural responses of female mice. Future studies could probe their contribution to increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders when combined with stressful triggering events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse M C C Thivisol
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Michele D Binder
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Terence Y Pang
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Anatomy & Physiology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Alò R, Olivito I, Fazzari G, Zizza M, Di Vito A, Avolio E, Mandalà M, Bruno R, Barni T, Canonaco M, Facciolo RM. Correlation of distinct behaviors to the modified expression of cerebral Shank1,3 and BDNF in two autistic animal models. Behav Brain Res 2021; 404:113165. [PMID: 33577886 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder featuring altered neuronal circuitry and consequently impaired social interactions, restrictive interests plus repetitive stereotypic activities. In the present study, differentiated behaviors of valproic (VPA) and propionic (PPA) acid-mediated autism rats were correlated to cerebral scaffolding proteins (Shank1,3) and BDNF expression variations. Sprague-Dawley offspring that received VPA during pregnancy displayed a notably diminished permanence (-78 %, p < 0.01) in the light chamber of light dark (LD) test, reduced exploratory tasks, i.e. grooming (-90 %) and rearing (-65 %). Moreover, they executed extremely greater climbing intervals (+300 %, p < 0.001) in novel cage (NC) test, plus exhibited an extremely reduced (-331 %) discrimination index in novel object recognition (NOR) test when compared to controls. PPA-treated postnatal days (PND) 12-16 rats also displayed anxiety-like behaviors, although in a less evident manner, as indicated by a moderate time (+55 %; p < 0.05) spent in dark chamber along with notable and moderate decreases in digging (-78 %) plus grooming (-52 %), respectively. Contextually, VPA- more than PPA supplied opposite Shank1,3 expression changes in cerebellum (CB; -62 %; +78 %), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DM-PFC; +95 % -76 %), respectively, while resulting extremely upregulated in hippocampus (HIP; +125 % - +155 %). Even BDNF resulted to be substantially and notably diminished in HIP (-85 %) and DM-PFC (-72 %), respectively, of VPA rats while it was only moderately reduced (-35 % to -45 %) in these same areas of PPA rats. The early altered brain-specific expression levels accounting for different behavioral performances may provide useful diagnostic indications and constitute valuable therapeutic strategies for autistic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Alò
- Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Olivito
- Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gilda Fazzari
- Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy
| | - Merylin Zizza
- Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Di Vito
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ennio Avolio
- Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy; Health Center srl, Biomedical and Nutritional Center, via Sabotino 66, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mandalà
- Vascular Physiology Lab., Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Bruno
- Dept. of Pharmacy and Science of Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy
| | - Tullio Barni
- Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marcello Canonaco
- Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Rosa Maria Facciolo
- Comparative Anatomy & Cytology, Dept. of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende-Cosenza, Italy
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Haverroth GMB, Welang C, Mocelin RN, Postay D, Bertoncello KT, Franscescon F, Rosemberg DB, Dal Magro J, Dalla Corte CL. Copper acutely impairs behavioral function and muscle acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 122:440-447. [PMID: 26386335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper is a heavy metal found at relatively high concentrations in surface waters around the world. Copper is a micronutrient at low concentrations and is essential to several organisms. At higher concentrations copper can become toxic, which reveal the importance of studying the toxic effects of this metal on the aquatic life. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of copper on the behavior and biochemical parameters of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed for 24h at a concentration of 0.006 mg/L Cu. After the exposure period, behavioral profile of animals was recorded through 6 min using two different apparatuses tests: the Novel Tank and the Light-Dark test. After behavioral testing, animals were euthanized with a solution of 250 mg/L of tricaine (MS-222). Brain, muscle, liver and gills were extracted for analysis of parameters related to oxidative stress and accumulation of copper in these tissues. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined in brain and muscle. Results showed acute exposure to copper induces significant changes in behavioral profile of zebrafish by changing locomotion and natural tendency to avoid brightly lit area. On the other hand, there were no significant effects on parameters related to oxidative stress. AChE activity decreased significantly in zebrafish muscle, but there were no significant changes in cerebral AChE activity. Copper levels in tissues did not increase significantly compared to the controls. Taken together, these results indicate that a low concentration of copper can acutely affect behavioral profile of adult zebrafish which could be partially related to an inhibition on muscle AChE activity. These results reinforce the need of additional tests to establishment of safe copper concentrations to aquatic organisms and the importance of behavioral parameters in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M B Haverroth
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Chariane Welang
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Riciéri N Mocelin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela Postay
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Kanandra T Bertoncello
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Francini Franscescon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA
| | - Jacir Dal Magro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiane L Dalla Corte
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó, Avenida Senador Atílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Caçapava do Sul, Av. Pedro Anunciação, 111, Vila Batista, 96570-000 Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil.
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Viggiano A, Cacciola G, Widmer DAJ, Viggiano D. Anxiety as a neurodevelopmental disorder in a neuronal subpopulation: Evidence from gene expression data. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:729-40. [PMID: 26089015 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between genes and anxious behavior, is nor linear nor monotonic. To address this problem, we analyzed with a meta-analytic method the literature data of the behavior of knockout mice, retrieving 33 genes whose deletion was accompanied by increased anxious behavior, 34 genes related to decreased anxious behavior and 48 genes not involved in anxiety. We correlated the anxious behavior resulting from the deletion of these genes to their brain expression, using the Allen Brain Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The main finding is that the genes accompanied, after deletion, by a modification of the anxious behavior, have lower expression in the cerebral cortex, the amygdala and the ventral striatum. The lower expression level was putatively due to their selective presence in a neuronal subpopulation. This difference was replicated also using a database of human gene expression, further showing that the differential expression pertained, in humans, a temporal window of young postnatal age (4 months up to 4 years) but was not evident at fetal or adult human stages. Finally, using gene enrichment analysis we also show that presynaptic genes are involved in the emergence of anxiety and postsynaptic genes in the reduction of anxiety after gene deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cacciola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy
| | | | - Davide Viggiano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso 86100, Italy; Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Respiratory Science, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Pires LF, Costa LM, Silva OA, de Almeida AAC, Cerqueira GS, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Anxiolytic-like effects of carvacryl acetate, a derivative of carvacrol, in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 112:42-8. [PMID: 24036473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies showing anxiolytic-like properties of natural products have grown. This paper evaluated if carvacryl acetate (CA) could be studied as an alternative drug to treat anxiety disorders. Elevated plus maze (EPM) tests , light-dark box (LDB) tests, and marble-burying tests (MBTs) were performed on mice. In the first protocol, the anxiolytic-like activities of CA 25, 50, 75 and 100mg/kg at single doses were compared to those of the vehicle, buspirone 5mg/kg (BUSP) and diazepam 1mg/kg (DZP). In the second protocol, the anxiolytic-like actions of CA were tested for GABAergic and serotonergic systems. The time spent in the open arms (TSOA) and the number of open arms entries (NOAE) were measured in EPM; the time spent in the light box (TSLB) and the number of entries to light box (NELB) were measured in LDB; and the number of marbles buried (NMB) were measured in MBT. CA increased TSOA and NOAE in the EPM, as well as TSLB and NELB in the LDB and the NMB in the MBT. The anxiolytic-like activity of CA 25; 50; 75 and 100mg/kg was not associated with psychomotor retardation in the open field test and in the Rota rod test, contrarily with what happened with DZP. In the second protocol, to suggest the mechanism of action of CA, flumazenil 25mg/kg ip (FLU) and WAY 100,635 10mg/kg ip (WAY-5-HT1A antagonist) were also used. FLU+CA100 reduced TSOA in the EPM when compared to CA100 but WAY+CA100 did not. In LDB, FLU+CA100 reduced the TSLB when compared to CA100 but WAY+CA100 did not. In the MBT, FLU+CA100 inhibited the effect of CA100 on the NMB but WAY+CA100 did not. In conclusion, CA seems to have an anxiolytic-like effect, probably due to GABAergic agonist action, without psychomotor side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lúcio Fernandes Pires
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.
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