1
|
Wu X, Ling W, Pan Y, Yang Z, Ma J, Yang Y, Xiang W, Zhou L, Sun M, Chen J, Chen H, Zheng S, Zeng J, Li Y. Functional analysis of a lily SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE ortholog in flowering transition and floral development. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108287. [PMID: 38150842 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Lilium is a commercially important genus of bulbous flowers, investigating the flowering molecular mechanisms is important for flowering regulation of lily. MADS-box SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) orthologs are involved in the flowering transition and floral organ differentiation in many plants. In this study, we identified an SVP ortholog from L. × formolongi (LfSVP), which was closely related to Arabidopsis SVP according to phylogenetic analysis. Tissue-specific expression patterns indicated that LfSVP expression levels peaked in the leaves and showed low expression levels in flowering tepals. Stage-dependent expression patterns of LfSVP showed high transcription level in the flowering induction stage under different photoperiods and exhibited transcription peak in the floral budding development stage under long days. Overexpressed LfSVP led to delayed flowering and floral organ defects in Arabidopsis independent of photoperiod. Tobacco rattle virus -induced gene silencing of LfSVP caused a strongly earlier flowering time and floral organ defects of L. × formolongi. Moreover, LfSVP can interact with L. × formolongi APETALA1 (AP1) in both yeast and tobacco cells, and the two may interact to regulate floral organ differentiation. In conclusion, LfSVP is a flowering repressor and may be involved in the regulation of floral organ differentiation. This study will be helpful for the molecular breeding of short-life-period and rich floral patterns lily varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wu
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wu Ling
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China; Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, 330000, China
| | - Yusha Pan
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhengmin Yang
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Hunan Cotton Science Institute, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agroecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Mengshan Sun
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agroecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jiren Chen
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Sixiang Zheng
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agroecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yufan Li
- Hunan Mid-subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu XM, Wei XR, Li Z, Jia GX, Chen JR, Chen HX, Cao FX, Zheng SX, Li JH, Li YF. Molecular cloning of cryptochrome 1 from Lilium×formolongi and the characterization of its photoperiodic flowering function in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2022; 316:111164. [PMID: 35151449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower species that is able to flower within a year following seed propagation, with flower induction that is very sensitive to the photoperiod. Cryptochromes are blue/UV-A light receptors that regulate many important plant growth and development processes, including photoperiodic flowering. In this study, we isolated the cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) gene from L. × formolongi and analyzed its function in transgenic Arabidopsis. The predicted LfCRY1 protein was strongly homologous to other CRY1 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY1 was induced by blue light, with LfCRY1 exhibiting its highest expression and diurnal expression patterns during the flowering-induction stage under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY1 in Arabidopsis promoted flowering under LDs but not SDs and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. The LfCRY1 protein was located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. LfCRY1 interacted with the important flowering activator LfCOL9 in both yeast and onion cells. These results provide functional evidence for the role of LfCRY1 in controlling photoperiodic flowering under LDs and indicate that LfCRY1 may be a counterpart of AtCRY1. Understanding the role of LfCRY1 in photoperiodic flowering is beneficial for the molecular breeding of lilies with shorter vegetative stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Wei
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Ze Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ji-Ren Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hai-Xia Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Fu-Xiang Cao
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Si-Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agro Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jian-Hong Li
- Yangming Mountain Provincial Nature Reserve Management Station, Forestry Bureau of Chongyi County, Chongyi, 341300, China
| | - Yu-Fan Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Q, Zhang M, Zhao YQ, Hu H, Huang YX, Jia GX. Identification of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS)-coding genes involved in flowering induction of Lilium× formolongi. Plant Physiol Biochem 2022; 171:84-94. [PMID: 34973503 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lilium × formolongi, a facultative long-day (LD) plant, can complete the floral transition within one year after sowing under LD conditions. In addition to the photoperiod, the molecular mechanisms by which other flowering regulators, such as sugar, participate in juvenile development and flowering induction in L. × formolongi remain elusive. Therefore, based on the investigation of seedling development under different day length conditions, we explored the growth and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) contents of leaves and underground bulbs. Furthermore, the expression profiles of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS)-coding genes, LfTPSs, and miR156 were also determined. Three putative LfTPS genes, LfTPS1, LfTPS3 and LfTPS5, displayed high expression levels at the juvenile vegetative stage under different day length conditions. Among them, LfTPS1 maintained gradually elevated expression until the visible bud stage under short-day (SD) conditions. Additionally, the expression levels of LfTPS3 and LfTPS5 increased with the exogenous sucrose concentration. In contrast, the expression of miR156 rapidly decreased under the same sucrose treatments. Overexpression of LfTPS1/3/5 hastened flowering and the decline in miR156 expression levels to varying degrees in transgenic Arabidopsis. Taken together, the results demonstrate that LfTPS1, LfTPS3 and LfTPS5 modulate both juvenile vegetative development and flowering induction controlled by sugars in L. × formolongi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- China Flower Association, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yu-Qian Zhao
- Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, 063002, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu XM, Yang ZM, Yang LH, Chen JR, Chen HX, Zheng SX, Zeng JG, Jia GX, Li YF. Cryptochrome 2 from Lilium × formolongi Regulates Photoperiodic Flowering in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312929. [PMID: 34884732 PMCID: PMC8657805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoperiodic flowering pathway is essential for plant reproduction. As blue and ultraviolet-A light receptors, cryptochromes play an important role in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering. Lilium × formolongi is an important cut flower that flowers within a year after seed propagation. Floral induction is highly sensitive to photoperiod. In this study, we isolated the CRYPTOCHROME2 gene (LfCRY2) from L. × formolongi. The predicted LfCRY2 protein was highly homologous to other CRY2 proteins. The transcription of LfCRY2 was induced by blue light. LfCRY2 exhibits its highest diurnal expression during the floral induction stage under both long-day and short-day photoperiods. Overexpression of LfCRY2 in Arabidopsis thaliana promoted flowering under long days but not short days, and inhibited hypocotyl elongation under blue light. Furthermore, LfCRY2 was located in the nucleus and could interact with L. × formolongi CONSTANS-like 9 (LfCOL9) and A. thaliana CRY-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix 1 (AtCIB1) in both yeast and onion cells, which supports the hypothesis that LfCRY2 hastens the floral transition via the CIB1-CO pathway in a manner similar to AtCRY2. These results provide evidence that LfCRY2 plays a vital role in promoting flowering under long days in L. × formolongi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Wu
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Zheng-Min Yang
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Lin-Hao Yang
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Ji-Ren Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Hai-Xia Chen
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
| | - Si-Xiang Zheng
- Institute of Agriculture Environment and Agro Ecology, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Herbal Medicine Resource and Initiative, Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China;
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: (G.-X.J.); (Y.-F.L.)
| | - Yu-Fan Li
- Hunan Mid-Subtropical Quality Plant Breeding and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha 410128, China; (X.-M.W.); (Z.-M.Y.); (L.-H.Y.); (J.-R.C.); (H.-X.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.-X.J.); (Y.-F.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Q, Zhao YQ, Gao X, Jia GX. Analysis of miRNA-mediated regulation of flowering induction in Lilium × formolongi. BMC Plant Biol 2021; 21:190. [PMID: 33879043 PMCID: PMC8058995 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs play pivotal roles in plant vegetative phase change and flowering induction via integrating into multiple flowering pathways. Lilium × formolongi is an important ornamental lily cultivar that can flower within one year after sowing. However, it remains unresolved how miRNA-mediated regulation networks contribute to the L. × formolongi characteristics of a short vegetative growth period and rapid flowering. RESULTS In this study, the small RNA libraries and one degradome library were constructed for L. × formolongi during vegetative growth and flowering initiation, and 366 conserved miRNAs and 32 novel miRNAs were identified. Additionally, 84 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed during development. A total of 396 targets of 185 miRNAs were identified and validated through degradome sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that functions of the targets were top enriched in the cold and cadmium ion responses, pentose phosphate pathway and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Furthermore, among 23 differentially expressed miRNA-target pairs, the miR156s-LfSPL2, miR172a-LfAP2 and miR164a-LfNAC pairs as well as miR159a-LfSPL2 were found to be relevant to flowering based on the correlation analysis of expression profiles in the miRNA libraries, degradome and transcriptome. A coexpression regulatory network focused on differentially expressed pairs was also constructed by WGCNA, and 14 miRNAs were considered putative key miRNAs during vegetative development and flowering induction. miR156a/ d/ e showed particularly strong relationships with other miRNAs in the coexpression network. CONCLUSIONS This study provides cues for the further exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of short vegetative development and flowering in L. × formolongi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Qian Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Xia Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment and College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|