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Zhang T, Huo Y, Dong Q, Liu W, Gao L, Zhou J, Li D, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang M. LmCht5-1 and LmCht5-2 Promote the Degradation of Serosal and Pro-Nymphal Cuticles during Locust Embryonic Development. Biology (Basel) 2022; 11:biology11121778. [PMID: 36552286 PMCID: PMC9775170 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The success of the degradation of the extraembryonic serosal cuticle and the second embryonic cuticle (pro-nymphal cuticle) is essential for the development and molting of nymph from egg in Orthoptera Locusta migratoria. Chitinase 5 is an important gene for chitin degradation in nymphs and in the egg stage. In this study, we investigated the important roles of chitinase 5-1 (LmCht5-1) and chitinase 5-2 (LmCht5-2) in the degradation of the serosal and pro-nymphal cuticles during locust embryonic development. The serosal cuticle degrades from 7-day-old embryos (E7) to E13, along with the degradation of the pro-nymphal cuticle, which begins at E12 to E14. The mRNA and protein of LmCht5-1 and LmCht5-2 are expressed during the degradation process of the serosal cuticle and the pro-nymphal cuticle. RNAi experiments at the embryonic stage show that both dsLmCht5-1 and dsLmCht5-2 contribute to the failure of development in early and late embryogenesis. Further, during the serosal cuticle molting process, ultra-structure analysis indicated that dsLmCht5-1 prevented the loss of the coarse chitin layer in the upper part in both early and late embryogenesis. Meanwhile, dsLmCht5-2 blocked the degradation of the lower fine chitin layer at the early stage and blocked the chitin degradation of loose coarse chitin in the late molting process. During the degradation of the pro-nymphal cuticle, dsLmCht5-1 suppresses chitin degradation between layers in the procuticle, while dsLmCht5-2 suppresses chitin degradation into filaments inside of the layer. In summary, our results suggest that both LmCht5-1 and LmCht5-2 contribute to the degradation of the serosal and pro-nymphal cuticles during the locust embryonic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yanjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiannan Zhou
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Daqi Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (M.Z.)
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Zhang L, Guo M, Zhuo F, Xu H, Zheng N, Zhang L. An odorant-binding protein mediates sexually dimorphic behaviors via binding male-specific 2-heptanone in migratory locust. J Insect Physiol 2019; 118:103933. [PMID: 31449797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria) frequently aggregate into huge swarms that cause serious economic losses for the agricultural sector. Differential behaviors of male and female insects may contribute to such population explosions. However, the key olfactory mechanisms underlying different behaviors associated with sex-related pheromones are unclear. Here, we report that male-specific odor, 2-heptanone plays different roles in relation to the behavior of migratory locust males and females, and that this sexual dimorphism involves a soluble odorant-binding protein (OBP) in the peripheral olfactory processes. This odor strongly binds to LmigOBP4, a novel OBP, present in antennal trichoid sensilla, and elicits opposite locomotor tendencies between the sexes: attracting females and repelling males. Furthermore, an adult male group mimicked a high dosage of 2-heptanone by promoting their attractiveness to single females. Additionally, RNAi suppression of Lmigobp4 expression reduced the physiological responses to 2-heptanone to levels that were indistinguishable between the sexes. This suppression reversed the adult behavioral responses to 2-heptanone, i.e., females were repelled and males were attracted. We conclude that LmigOBP4 is associated with olfactory recognition of male-specific 2-heptanone, which plays dual roles that differ between adult male and female migratory locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fuyan Zhuo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Haozhi Xu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan Xilu 2, Haidian District, Beijing 100093, China.
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Li D, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu X, Ma E, Sun Y, Li S, Zhu KY, Zhang J. Two chitinase 5 genes from Locusta migratoria: molecular characteristics and functional differentiation. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 58:46-54. [PMID: 25623241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The duplication of chitinase 5 (Cht5) into two to five different genes has been reported only in mosquito species to date. Here, we report the duplication of Cht5 genes (LmCht5-1 and LmCht5-2) in the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). Both LmCht5-1 (505 aa) and LmCht5-2 (492 aa) possess a signal peptide and a catalytic domain with four conserved motifs, but only LmCht5-1 contains a chitin-binding domain. Structural and phylogenetic analyses suggest that LmCht5-1 is orthologous to other insect Cht5 genes, whereas LmCht5-2 might be newly duplicated. Both LmCht5 genes were expressed in all tested tissues with LmCht5-1 highly expressed in hindgut and LmCht5-2 highly expressed in integument, foregut, hindgut and fat bodies. From the fourth-instar nymphs to the adults, LmCht5-1 and LmCht5-2 showed similar developmental expression patterns with transcript peaks prior to each nymphal molting, suggesting that their expression levels are similarly regulated. Treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E; the most active molting hormone) and reducing expression of EcR (ecdysone receptor gene) by RNAi increased and decreased expression of both LmCht5 genes, respectively, indicating that both genes are responsive to 20E. Although transcript level of LmCht5-2 is generally 10-fold higher than that of LmCht5-1, RNAi-mediated suppression of LmCht5-1 transcript led to severe molting defects and lethality, but such effects were not seen with RNAi of LmCht5-2, suggesting that the newly duplicated LmCht5-2 is not essential for development and survivorship of the locust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqi Li
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jianqin Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Enbo Ma
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China; Biotechnology Research Center, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
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