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Zhu H, Chen Y, Ruan Z, Wang J, Liu D, Wang H, Zhao M. Occurrence, seasonal variations, distribution patterns, and risk assessment of volatile monoaromatic hydrocarbons in soils of industrial parks in Yangtze River Delta, China. Sci Total Environ 2023:164511. [PMID: 37257601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MACHs) are a ubiquitous category of volatile compounds found in various environmental media. Despite their prevalence, systematic studies of MACHs on a large regional scale are still lacking. Herein, a comprehensive investigation of the occurrence, seasonal variations, distribution characteristics, and health risks of MACHs was carried out by analyzing soil samples (372 surface soils and 96 soil columns) from 33 typical industrial parks in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. MACHs were detected in all surface soil samples. BTEXS (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were the five predominant congeners with the highest detection frequencies (90.9 %-100 %), collectively accounting for >78.2 % of the total MACHs content. Higher residual levels of MACHs were observed in winter compared to summer (P < 0.01), with total concentrations of 24 MACHs ranging from 30.9 ng/g to 1536 ng/g (median: 135 ng/g) in winter and 16.3 ng/g to 931 ng/g (median: 87.9 ng/g) in summer. Soils collected from the northeast of Jiangsu Province and the southwest of Anhui Province exhibited relatively higher levels of MACHs. On the basis of principal component analysis, we proposed that industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust may be the main sources of MACHs contamination in the soils of YRD industrial parks. Vertically, the concentrations of total MACHs decreased with the soil depth. Soil organic matter (OM) content and the concentration of MACHs in the surface soil layer (0-15 cm) were significant factors influencing the vertical migration and distribution of MACHs (P < 0.05). It was verified that residual MACHs in the soils posed lower lifetime non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the inhabitants of the study area. The field study provides valuable evidence for the formulation of MACHs pollution control policies in the YRD region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Danhua Liu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
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