Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the MATE gene family in carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

Carmine radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is famousforcontaininganaturalredpigment(redradishpigment) that grown in Fuling, Chongqing City, China. MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion), as an integral member of the multidrug efflux transporter family, has various functions in plants. However, noinformationhasbeenavailableaboutcharacteristicsoftheMATEgenefamily in carmine radish. In this study, total of 85 candidate MATE gene family members classifiedinto 4 groups were identified and foundtobewidelyandrandomlydistributedindifferent genome. Synteny analysis revealed that twenty-one segmental and ten tandem duplications acted as important regulators for the expansion of RsMATE genes. The Ka/Ks ratios of RsMATE indicated that RsMATE may have undergone intense purification in the radish genome. Cis-acting element analysis of RsMATE in the promoter region indicated that RsMATE were mainly related to the abiotic stress response and phytohormone. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that RsMATE40-b, RsMATE16-b and RsMATE13-a genes were significantly expressed under ABA (abscisic acid) and NaCl stress treatments respectively. In addition, the expression patterns of fifteen key RsMATE genes were investigated in 'XCB' (Xichangbai) and 'HX' (Hongxin) roots under Cadmium (Cd) stress for different treatment times using qRT-PCR, of those, RsMATE49-b, RsMATE33 and RsMATE26 transcripts were strongly altered at different time points in XCB responsive to Cd stress,compared to HX. This study will provide valuable insights for studying the functional characterization of the MATE gene in carmine radish and other plants.

Genome-Wide Identification and Characterisation of Wheat MATE Genes Reveals Their Roles in Aluminium Tolerance

The Multidrug and toxin efflux (MATE) gene family plays crucial roles in plant growth and development and response to adverse stresses. This work investigated the structural and evolutionary characteristics, expression profiling and potential functions involved in aluminium (Al) tolerance from a genome-wide level. In total, 211 wheat MATE genes were identified, which were classified into four subfamilies and unevenly distributed on chromosomes. Duplication analysis showed that fragments and tandem repeats played the main roles in the amplification of TaMATEs, and Type II functional disproportionation had a leading role in the differentiation of TaMATEs. TaMATEs had abundant Al resistance and environmental stress-related elements, and generally had a high expression level in roots and leaves and in response to Al stress. The 3D structure prediction by AlphaFold and molecular docking showed that six TaMATE proteins localised in the plasmalemma could combine with citrate via amino acids in the citrate exuding motif and other sites, and then transport citrate to soil to form citrate aluminium. Meanwhile, citrate aluminium formed in root cells might be transported to leaves by TaMATEs to deposit in vacuoles, thereby alleviating Al toxicity.

Genome-wide analysis of the MATE gene family in potato

The multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) protein family is a newly discovered family of secondary transporters that extrude metabolic waste and a variety of antibiotics out of the cell using an electrochemical gradient of H⁺ or Na⁺ across the membrane. The main function of MATE gene family is to participate in the process of plant detoxification and morphogenesis. The genome-wide analysis of the MATE genes in potato genome was conducted. At least 48 genes were initially identified and classified into six subfamilies. The chromosomal localization of MATE gene family showed that they could be distributed on 11 chromosomes except chromosome 9. The number of amino acids is 145-616, the molecular weight of proteins is 15.96-66.13 KD, the isoelectric point is 4.97-9.17, and they were located on the endoplasmic reticulum with having 4-13 transmembrane segments. They contain only two parts of the exons and UTR without introns. Some members of the first subfamily of potato MATE gene family are clustered with At2g04070 and they may be related to the transport of toxic compounds such as alkaloids and heavy metal. The function of the members of the second subfamily may be similar to that of At3g23560, which is related to tetramethylammonium transport. Some members of the third subfamily are clustered with At3g59030 and they may be involved in the transport of flavonoids. The fifth subfamily may be related to the transport of iron ions. The function of the sixth subfamily may be similar to that of At4g39030, which is related to salicylic acid transport. There are three kinds of conserved motifs in potato MATE genes, including the motif 1, motif 2, and motif 3. Each motif has 50 amino acids. The number of each motif is different in the gene sequence, of which 45 MATE genes contain at least a motif, but there is no motif in ST0015301, ST0045283, and ST0082336. These results provide a reference for further research on the function of potato MATE genes.