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Yi M, Cao Z, Zhou J, Ling Y, Zhang Z, Cao H. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Mechanism of Mentha Haplocalyx Briq on the Growth and Metabolic Regulation of Fattening Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3461. [PMID: 38003078 PMCID: PMC10668852 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mentha haplocalyx Briq (MHB) and its components have been proven to improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of MHB addition on growth performance, rumen and fecal microbiota, rumen fluid, serum and urine metabolism, and transcriptomics of rumen epithelial cells in meat sheep. Twelve Hu sheep were selected for the experiment and fed with basic diet (CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of Mentha haplocalyx Briq (MHB). The experimental period was 10 weeks with the first 2 weeks as the pre-trial period. The results showed that compared with the CON group, the average daily weight gain of meat sheep in the MHB group increased by 20.1%; the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration significantly increased (p < 0.05); The thickness of the cecal mucosal layer was significantly reduced (p < 0.01), while the thickness of the colonic mucosal layer was significantly increased (p < 0.05), the length of ileal villi significantly increased (p < 0.01), the thickness of colonic mucosal layer and rectal mucosal muscle layer significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the thickness of cecal mucosal layer significantly decreased (p < 0.05); The serum antioxidant capacity has increased. At the genus level, the addition of MHB changed the composition of rumen and fecal microbiota, increased the relative abundance of Paraprevotella, Alloprevotella, Marinilabilia, Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis, Subdivision5_genera_incertae_sedis and Ornatilinea in rumen microbiota, and decreased the relative abundance of Blautia (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Prevotella, Clostridium XlVb and Parasutterella increased in fecal microbiota, while the relative abundance of Blautia and Coprococcus decreased (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the concentrations of 105, 163, and 54 metabolites in the rumen, serum, and urine between the MHB group and the CON group (p < 0.05). The main metabolic pathways of the differences were pyrimidine metabolism, taurine and taurine metabolism, glyceride metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway (p < 0.05), which had a significant impact on protein synthesis and energy metabolism. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in immune regulation, energy metabolism, and protein modification. Therefore, adding MHB improved the growth performance of lambs by altering rumen and intestinal microbiota, rumen, serum and urine metabolomics, and transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhikun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jialu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yinghui Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongguo Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.Y.); (Z.C.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (Z.Z.)
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-Breeding, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Nussbaumer-Pröll A, Zeitlinger M. Use of Supplemented or Human Material to Simulate PD Behavior of Antibiotics at the Target Site In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080773. [PMID: 32823957 PMCID: PMC7464672 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In antimicrobial drug development, in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing is conducted in standard growth media, such as Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB). These growth media provide optimal bacterial growth, but do not consider certain host factors that would be necessary to mimic the in vivo bacterial environment in the human body. The present review aimed to include relevant data published between 1986 and 2019. A database search (PubMed) was done with text keywords, such as “MIC” (minimal inhibitory concentration), “TKC” (time kill curve), “blood”, “body fluid”, “PD” (pharmacodynamic), and “in vitro”, and 53 papers were ultimately selected. Additionally, a literature search for physiologic characteristics of body fluids was conducted. This review gives an excerpt of the complexity of human compartments with their physiologic composition. Furthermore, we present an update of currently available in vitro models operated either with adapted growth media or body fluids themselves. Moreover, the feasibility of testing the activity of antimicrobials in such settings is discussed, and pro and cons for standard practice methods are given. The impact on bacterial killing varies between individual adapted microbiological media, as well as direct pharmacodynamic simulations in body fluids, between bacterial strains, antimicrobial agents, and the compositions of the adjuvants or the biological fluid itself.
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Nussbaumer-Pröll AK, Eberl S, Reiter B, Stimpfl T, Jäger W, Poschner S, Zeitlinger M. Impact of thrombocytes, on bacterial growth and antimicrobial activity of selected antibiotics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 39:593-597. [PMID: 31788739 PMCID: PMC7039845 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In vitro pharmacodynamic models are used to optimize in vivo dosing regimens in antimicrobial drug development. One limiting factor of such models is the lack of host factors such as corpuscular blood components as erythrocytes which have already been shown to impact activity of antibiotics and/or growth of the pathogen. However, the impact of thrombocytes has not previously been investigated. We set out to investigate if the addition of thrombocytes (set to physiological concentrations in blood of healthy human, i.e., 5 × 105 thrombocytes/μL standard growth media Mueller Hinton Broth, MHB) has an influence on bacterial growth and on the efficacy of antibiotics against Gram+ and Gram− bacteria. Growth assays and time-killing-curves (TKC) were performed with ATCC-strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in triplicate over 24 h. The same approach was followed for 5 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline were tested as representatives of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and concentrations several-fold above and below the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) were simulated. No significant impact of thrombocytes was found on bacterial growth or antimicrobial stability for the investigated agents. Bacteria reduced thrombocyte content to different degree, indicating direct interaction of pathogens and thrombocytes. Impact on bacterial killing was observed but was not fully reproducible when thrombocytes from different donors where used. While interaction of bacteria and thrombocytes was evident in the present study, interaction between antibiotic activity and thrombocytes seems unlikely. Whether variability was caused by different thrombocyte concentrates needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Eberl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Reiter
- Clinical Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Stimpfl
- Clinical Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jäger
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Poschner
- Divison of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Gatadi S, Gour J, Shukla M, Kaul G, Dasgupta A, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. Synthesis and evaluation of new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as potent antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 175:287-308. [PMID: 31096152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis are major causative agents responsible for serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections impacting healthcare systems globally. Over several decades, these pathogens have developed resistance to multiple antibiotics significantly affecting morbidity and mortality. Thus, these recalcitrant pathogens are amongst the most formidable microbial pathogens for which international healthcare agencies have mandated active identification and development of new antibacterial agents for chemotherapeutic intervention. In our present work, a series of new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activity against ESKAP pathogens and pathogenic mycobacteria. The experiments revealed that 4'c, 4'e, 4'f and 4'h displayed selective and potent inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values ranging from 0.03-0.25 μg/mL. Furthermore, compounds 4'c and 4'e were found to be benign to Vero cells (CC50 = >5 μg/mL) and displayed promising selectivity index (SI) > 167 and > 83.4 respectively. Additionally, 4'c and 4'e demonstrated equipotent MIC against multiple drug-resistant strains of S. aureus including VRSA, concentration dependent bactericidal activity against S. aureus and synergized with FDA approved drugs. Moreover, compound 4'c exhibited more potent activity in reducing the biofilm and exhibited a PAE of ∼2 h at 10X MIC which is comparable to levofloxacin and vancomycin. In vivo efficacy of 4'c in murine neutropenic thigh infection model revealed that 4'c caused a similar reduction in cfu as vancomycin. Gratifyingly, compounds 4d, 4e, 9a, 9b, 14a, 4'e and 4'f also exhibited anti-mycobacterial activity with MIC values in the range of 2-16 μg/mL. In addition, the compounds were found to be less toxic to Vero cells (CC50 = 12.5->100 μg/mL), thus displaying a favourable selectivity index. The interesting results obtained here suggest the potential utilization of these new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives as promising antibacterial agents for treating MDR-Staphylococcal and mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Gatadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Jitendra Gour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manjulika Shukla
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arunava Dasgupta
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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Nussbaumer-Pröll AK, Knotzer S, Eberl S, Reiter B, Stimpfl T, Jäger W, Poschner S, Zeitlinger M. Impact of erythrocytes on bacterial growth and antimicrobial activity of selected antibiotics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:485-95. [PMID: 30687870 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-03452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that protein binding, temperature, and pH influence in vitro pharmacodynamic (PD) models. The fact that corpuscular blood compounds might also have an important impact is something which has, until now, often been neglected. We investigated if the addition of human erythrocytes to standard growth media (Mueller Hinton Broth, MHBII) has an influence on bacterial growth behavior and on antibiotic efficacy. We did this by using bacterial growth assays and time kill curves (TKC) of selected strains (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29213, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853) over 24 h. The final concentration of erythrocytes was set to match the physiological concentrations in the blood of a healthy human, i.e., 3 × 10^6 cells/μl in MHBII. Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline were tested with concentrations several-fold above and below the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Moreover, HPLC analysis of antibiotic stability and distribution in erythrocytes was performed. Meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline showed the greatest decline in activity against E. coli when erythrocytes were present. A mean difference in log10 bacterial killing between pure MHBII and 50%-Ery of 3.83, 1.33, and 2.42 was found for ciprofloxacin, meropenem, and tigecycline, respectively. In the case of ciprofloxacin, HPLC analysis revealed that less extracellular antibiotic is available in the presence of erythrocytes. We have demonstrated that erythrocytes do influence antimicrobial activity and that this might have an impact on the extrapolation of in vitro activity testing to in vivo efficacy in patients.
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Gibbs HC, Chang-Gonzalez A, Hwang W, Yeh AT, Lekven AC. Midbrain-Hindbrain Boundary Morphogenesis: At the Intersection of Wnt and Fgf Signaling. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:64. [PMID: 28824384 PMCID: PMC5541008 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A constriction in the neural tube at the junction of the midbrain and hindbrain is a conserved feature of vertebrate embryos. The constriction is a defining feature of the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB), a signaling center that patterns the adjacent midbrain and rostral hindbrain and forms at the junction of two gene expression domains in the early neural plate: an anterior otx2/wnt1 positive domain and a posterior gbx/fgf8 positive domain. otx2 and gbx genes encode mutually repressive transcription factors that create a lineage restriction boundary at their expression interface. Wnt and Fgf genes form a mutually dependent feedback system that maintains their expression domains on the otx2 or gbx side of the boundary, respectively. Constriction morphogenesis occurs after these conserved gene expression domains are established and while their mutual interactions maintain their expression pattern; consequently, mutant studies in zebrafish have led to the suggestion that constriction morphogenesis should be considered a unique phase of MHB development. We analyzed MHB morphogenesis in fgf8 loss of function zebrafish embryos using a reporter driven by the conserved wnt1 enhancer to visualize anterior boundary cells. We found that fgf8 loss of function results in a re-activation of wnt1 reporter expression posterior to the boundary simultaneous with an inactivation of the wnt1 reporter in the anterior boundary cells, and that these events correlate with relaxation of the boundary constriction. In consideration of other results that correlate the boundary constriction with Wnt and Fgf expression, we propose that the maintenance of an active Wnt-Fgf feedback loop is a key factor in driving the morphogenesis of the MHB constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly C Gibbs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Ana Chang-Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Wonmuk Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States.,School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced StudySeoul, South Korea
| | - Alvin T Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
| | - Arne C Lekven
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, United States
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7
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Kirkeby A, Nolbrant S, Tiklova K, Heuer A, Kee N, Cardoso T, Ottosson DR, Lelos MJ, Rifes P, Dunnett SB, Grealish S, Perlmann T, Parmar M. Predictive Markers Guide Differentiation to Improve Graft Outcome in Clinical Translation of hESC-Based Therapy for Parkinson's Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 20:135-148. [PMID: 28094017 PMCID: PMC5222722 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell treatments for neurodegenerative diseases are expected to reach clinical trials soon. Most of the approaches currently under development involve transplantation of immature progenitors that subsequently undergo phenotypic and functional maturation in vivo, and predicting the long-term graft outcome already at the progenitor stage remains a challenge. Here, we took an unbiased approach to identify predictive markers expressed in dopamine neuron progenitors that correlate with graft outcome in an animal model of Parkinson's disease through gene expression analysis of >30 batches of grafted human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived progenitors. We found that many of the commonly used markers did not accurately predict in vivo subtype-specific maturation. Instead, we identified a specific set of markers associated with the caudal midbrain that correlate with high dopaminergic yield after transplantation in vivo. Using these markers, we developed a good manufacturing practice (GMP) differentiation protocol for highly efficient and reproducible production of transplantable dopamine progenitors from hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete Kirkeby
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Human Neural Development, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Sara Nolbrant
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katarina Tiklova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Branch, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nigel Kee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Branch, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiago Cardoso
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniella Rylander Ottosson
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mariah J Lelos
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, South Wales, UK
| | - Pedro Rifes
- Human Neural Development, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Dunnett
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, South Wales, UK
| | - Shane Grealish
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Perlmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm Branch, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden; Wallenberg Neuroscience Center and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, 22184 Lund, Sweden.
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Epinette JA. Clinical outcomes, survivorship and adverse events with mobile-bearings versus fixed-bearings in hip arthroplasty-a prospective comparative cohort study of 143 ADM versus 130 trident cups at 2 to 6-year follow-up. J Arthroplasty 2015; 30:241-8. [PMID: 25449593 DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2014.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The principle of dual mobility cups, often called "tripolar", has been developed to overcome the problem of instability following primary hip arthroplasty. We prospectively compared two cohorts which differed only by the type of bearings, i.e." mobile bearing hip" (MBH) in a 143-study cohort of ADM cups versus "fixed bearing hip" (FBH) of 130 Trident PSL cups, at a follow-up at 2-6years. The survival rates at 4.13-years, with instability as endpoint was significantly (P=0.0176) in favor of mobile bearings at 100% with no dislocation reported, versus 94.8% with fixed bearings. These mobile bearings, matching both "modern" dual mobility cups and annealed highly crossed polyethylene, would appear to offer at longer follow-up a valuable solution to clinical outcomes in acetabular arthroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Alain Epinette
- Orthopaedic Research and Imaging Centre in Arthroplasty, Clinique Médico-Chirurgicale, Bruay-Labuissière, France
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9
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Santos-Ledo A, Cavodeassi F, Carreño H, Aijón J, Arévalo R. Ethanol alters gene expression and cell organization during optic vesicle evagination. Neuroscience 2013; 250:493-506. [PMID: 23892006 PMCID: PMC3988994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol alters eye morphogenesis at early stages of embryogenesis. The expression patterns of some genes important for eye morphogenesis are perturbed. Ethanol is related to alterations in cell morphology. Ethanol interferes with the optic vesicles evagination.
Ethanol has been described as a teratogen in vertebrate development. During early stages of brain formation, ethanol affects the evagination of the optic vesicles, resulting in synophthalmia or cyclopia, phenotypes where the optic vesicles partially or totally fuse. The mechanisms by which ethanol affects the morphogenesis of the optic vesicles are however largely unknown. In this study we make use of in situ hybridization, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry to show that ethanol has profound effects on cell organization and gene expression during the evagination of the optic vesicles. Exposure to ethanol during early eye development alters the expression patterns of some genes known to be important for eye morphogenesis, such as rx3/1 and six3a. Furthermore, exposure to ethanol interferes with the acquisition of neuroepithelial features by the eye field cells, which is clear at ultrastructual level. Indeed, ethanol disrupts the acquisition of fusiform cellular shapes within the eye field. In addition, tight junctions do not form and retinal progenitors do not properly polarize, as suggested by the mis-localization and down-regulation of zo1. We also show that the ethanol-induced cyclopic phenotype is significantly different to that observed in cyclopic mutants, suggesting a complex effect of ethanol on a variety of targets. Our results show that ethanol not only disrupts the expression pattern of genes involved in retinal morphogenesis, such as rx3 and rx1, but also disrupts the changes in cell polarity that normally occur during eye field splitting. Thus, ethylic teratology seems to be related not only to modifications in gene expression and cell death but also to alterations in cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santos-Ledo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Patología, IBSAL-Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling plays important roles in various developmental processes including brain development. Here, we identified zebrafish fgf22 predominantly expressed in the posterior midbrain and anterior midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) primordia during early embryonic brain development. To examine roles of Fgf22 in midbrain development, we analyzed fgf22 knockdown embryos. The fgf22 morphants were defective in proper formation of the MHB constriction and the midbrain. The knockdown of fgf22 caused decreased cell proliferation in the midbrain, expanded expression of roof plate and tegmental marker genes, and decreased expression of tectal marker genes, indicating that Fgf22 is required for cell proliferation, roof plate formation, and tectum specification in the midbrain. Fgf receptor 2b (Fgfr2b), a potential receptor for Fgf22, was also required, indicating that Fgf22 signaling is mediated through Fgfr2b. The floor plate and the MHB are crucial for the dorsoventral patterning of the midbrain through Hedgehog (Hh) and Fgf signaling, respectively. The fgf3/fgf8 double morphant phenotype was essentially similar to that of fgf22 morphants, whereas the phenotype caused by inhibition of Hh signaling was not. fgf3 and fgf8 were expressed earlier than fgf22 in the MHB primordium and Fgf3/Fgf8 signaling was required for fgf22 expression in the posterior midbrain. Furthermore, fgf22 partially rescued the fgf3/fgf8 double morphant phenotype. The present results indicate Fgf22 to be involved in midbrain development downstream of Fgf3 and Fgf8 in the MHB but not of Hh in the floor plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Miyake
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501 , Japan
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Alaribe CS, Shode F, Coker HA, Ayoola G, Sunday A, Singh N, Iwuanyanwu S. Antimicrobial activities of hexane extract and decussatin from stembark extract of Ficus congensis. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:2750-6. [PMID: 21731468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12042750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus congensis (Moraceae) is used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases including infectious diseases, infertility, and gastrointestinal disorders. Investigation of hexane extract of the stem bark using chromatographic techniques led to isolation of a xanthone, 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (Decussatin). The compound was elucidated based on spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV, IR, and mass spectrometry (MS). Decussatin and the hexane extract were screened in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activities using broth microdilution (MHB) and disc Agar diffusion (DAD) techniques against Escheichia coli, Bacilus substilis, Klebsiela pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans. Hexane extracts showed potent antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 8 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL, respectively, while Decussatin of the highest concentration (8 mg/mL) used in this study showed no appreciable antimicrobial activity. Only hexane extract was active against C. albicans with a MIC of 1 mg/mL.
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Rigamonte TA, Pylro VS, Duarte GF. The role of mycorrhization helper bacteria in the establishment and action of ectomycorrhizae associations. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:832-40. [PMID: 24031563 PMCID: PMC3769757 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 95 % short roots of most terrestrial plants are colonized by mycorrhizal fungi as soon as they emerge in the upper soil profiles. The establishment of mycorrhizal association involves profound morphological and physiological changes in root and fungus. It is affected by other rhizospheric microorganisms, specifically by the bacteria. Bacteria may have developed mechanisms of selective interaction with surrounding microorganisms, with neutral or positive effects on mycorrhizal associations, but negative effect on root pathogens in general. Because of the beneficial effect of bacteria on mycorrhizae, the concept of Mycorrhization Helper Bacteria (MHB) was created. Five main actions of MHB on mycorrhizae were proposed: in the receptivity of root to the mycobiont, in root-fungus recognition, in fungal growth, in the modification of rhizospheric soil and in the germination of fungal propagules. MHB appear to develop a gradation of specificity for the mycobiont, but little or no specificity for the host plant in symbiosis. One of the main groups of MHB is the fluorescent Pseudomonas, well represented in diversity and cell density studies of mycorrhizal associations. This review covers the activity of MHB in the establishment of ectomycorrhizae, taking as model the effects of Pseudomonas sp. described in scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Satler Pylro
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Microbiologia, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Frois Duarte
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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