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Jiao H, Bi R, Li F, Chao J, Zhang G, Zhai L, Hu L, Wang Z, Dai C, Li B. Rapid, easy and catalyst-free preparation of magnetic thiourea-based covalent organic frameworks at room temperature for enrichment and speciation of mercury with HPLC-ICP-MS. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1717:464683. [PMID: 38295741 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The complex and cumbersome preparation of magnetic covalent organic frameworks (COFs) nanocomposites on a small scale limits their application. Herein, a rapid and easy route was employed for the preparation of magnetic thiourea-based COFs nanocomposites. COFs were coated on Fe3O4 nanoparticles at room temperature without a catalyst within approximately 30 min. This method is suitable for the large-scale preparation of magnetic adsorbent. Using the as-prepared magnetic adsorbent (Fe3O4@COF-TpTU), we developed a simple, efficient, and sensitive magnetic solid-phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS) for the enrichment and determination of mercury species, including Hg2+, methylmercury (MeHg), and ethylmercury (EtHg). The effects of the experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency, including solution pH, adsorption and desorption time, composition and volume of the elution solvent, salinity, coexisting ions, and dissolved organic matter, were comprehensively investigated. Under optimised conditions, the limits of detection in the developed method were 0.56, 0.34, and 0.47 ng L-1 with enrichment factors of 190, 195, and 180-fold for Hg2+, MeHg, and EtHg, respectively. The satisfactory spiked recoveries (97.0-103%) in real water samples and high consistency between the certified and determined values in a certified reference material demonstrate the high accuracy and reproducibility of the developed method. The as-proposed method with simple operation, high sensitivity, and excellent anti-matrix interference performance was successfully applied to the enrichment and determination of trace levels of mercury species in the natural samples with complicated matrices, such as underground water, surface water, seawater and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Jiao
- Shandong Analysis and Tester Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ruixiang Bi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fangli Li
- Shandong Public Health Clinic Center, Jinan 266075, China
| | - Jingbo Chao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- National Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 276005, China
| | - Lihai Zhai
- National Engineering and Technology Research Centre of Chirality Pharmaceutical, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi 276005, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Tester Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Caifeng Dai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Shandong Analysis and Tester Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; Shandong Key Laboratory for Adhesive Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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Hu J, Su X, Yuan L, Zheng K, Zou X, Sun Z, Xu X, Zhang W. Competitive immunoassay using enzyme-regulated Fe 3O 4@COF/Fe 3+ fluorescence probe for natural chloramphenicol detection. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1277:341680. [PMID: 37604605 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) in natural samples is essential for ensuring human health. Herein, an enzyme-regulated fluorescence sensor using Fe3O4@COF/Fe3+ probe, is developed for CAP determination. Fe3O4@COF, synthesized via hydrothermal method, exhibits dual functions as a magnetic carrier and signal probe. Bovine serum albumin conjugated-chloramphenicol, adsorbed on the surface of Fe3O4@COF, competes with CAP for antibody binding. The antibody interacts with alkaline phosphatase via the biotin-streptavidin system. Meanwhile, ascorbic acid, produced from the enzyme-catalyzed reaction dominated by alkaline phosphatase, effectively restores the fluorescence of Fe3O4@COF that is quenched by Fe3+. After experimental verification and gradual optimization, a logarithmic linear relationship between CAP concentration and fluorescence intensity is established in the range of 2 × 10-4∼10 μg mL-1, with a good limit of detection (9.2 × 10-5 μg mL-1). Proposed method exhibits excellent stability (15 days) and reusability (8 cycles), providing a sensitive and reliable method for accurate CAP detection. The readouts show good agreement with HPLC and recoveries during laboratory and natural CAP analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutao Hu
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Kaiyi Zheng
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zongbao Sun
- Department of Food & Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xuechao Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Photoelectric Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Sun W, Xu Q, Liu Q, Wang T, Liu Z. Post-synthetic modification of a magnetic covalent organic framework with alkyne linkages for efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction and determination of trace basic orange II in food samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1690:463777. [PMID: 36640681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient magnetic solid phase extraction using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can find important applications in food safety. In this work, a sulfonate-functionalized magnetic COF (Fe3O4@COF-SO3Na) was synthesized by self-polycondensation of two-in-one monomer 1,6-bis(4-formylphenyl)-3,8-bis((4-aminophenyl) ethynyl)) pyrene (BFBAEPy) on the surface of aminated Fe3O4 and a thiol-yne click reaction. It was further adopted as an adsorbent for the efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of basic orange II. The selective adsorption experiment indicated that it displayed selective adsorption ability to basic orange II due to the ion exchange, hydrogen bonds, and π-π interactions. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed MSPE method coupled with HPLC-DAD showed excellent linearity in the range of 0.05-0.5 µg/mL (R2 = 0.9997) for basic orange II. The lower limits of detection (LODs) for basic orange II were 1.0-1.4 µg/L for three food samples: yellow croaker, paprika and dried bean curd. The recoveries were 90.1-98.8% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 4.2%. Therefore, this work provides an effective strategy to modify magnetic COFs as absorbents in MSPE. Due to the tunability of functional groups in thiol‑yne click reactions, the functional groups of magnetic COFs can be readily designed to enrich their multifunctional applications. Meanwhile, this work proposed a new method to detect trace amounts of basic orange II in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Mass Spectrometry and Molecular Analysis of Zhejiang Province, School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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Dan A, Zhang S, Chen Z, Dong J, Zheng W, Tu Y, Lin Z, Cai Z. Facile synthesis of Cu 2+-immobilized magnetic covalent organic frameworks for highly efficient enrichment and sensitive determination of five phthalate monoesters from mouse plasma with HPLC-MS/MS. Talanta 2023; 253:123923. [PMID: 36108515 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Development of a simple, highly selective, and sensitive analytical method for phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) remains a challenge due to the complexity of biological samples. To address this issue, Cu2+ immobilized magnetic covalent organic frameworks (Fe3O4@TtDt@Cu2+ composites) with core-shell structures were prepared to enhance the enrichment efficiency of mPAEs by a facile approach synthesis of COFs shells with inherent bifunctional groups on Fe3O4 NPs and further Cu2+ immobilization. The composites exhibit high specific surface area (348.1 m2 g-1), outstanding saturation magnetization (34.94 emu g-1), ordered mesoporous structure, Cu2+ immobilization, and excellent thermal stability. Accordingly, a magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) pretreatment technique based on Cu2+ immobilized COF composites combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was established, and key parameters including the adsorbent amount, adsorption time, elution solvent, etc. were examined in detail. The developed analytical method showed wide linear ranges (10-8000 ng L-1), low limit of detections (LODs, 2-10 ng L-1), and good correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9904) for the five mPAEs. Furthermore, the analytical method was also successfully applied to the highly sensitive detection of metabolite mPAEs in mouse plasma samples, indicating the promising application of the Fe3O4@TtDt@Cu2+ composites as a quick and efficient adsorbent in the sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akang Dan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jinghan Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Wenjun Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yuxin Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, PR China.
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Yang Y, Shi Z, Wang X, Bai B, Qin S, Li J, Jing X, Tian Y, Fang G. Portable and on-site electrochemical sensor based on surface molecularly imprinted magnetic covalent organic framework for the rapid detection of tetracycline in food. Food Chem 2022; 395:133532. [PMID: 35763925 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, surface molecularly imprinted magnetic covalent organic frameworks (Fe3O4@COFs@MIPs) were combined with disposable screen-printed electrode (SPE) to construct a portable and on-site electrochemical sensor for the rapid detection of tetracycline (TC). The Fe3O4@COFs@MIPs, which was prepared by layer-by-layer modification method, had good magnetism and excellent adsorption ability. With the help of disposable SPE, equipped with a magnet, the electrode modification process was simplified and the detection efficiency was improved. Under optimal conditions, the fabricated electrochemical sensor exhibited linearity ranging from 1 × 10-10 to 1 × 10-4 g mL-1. It had good selectivity, excellent reproducibility, desirable stability and remarkable applicability. The fabricated sensor was successfully applied to detect TC in real samples with satisfactory recoveries (96.15-106.20%). The detection strategy separated the recognition and adsorption process from the electrochemical detection process, providing a design idea for the application of COFs in the construction of high-efficiency molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Yang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Zhuo Shi
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Yuci 030619, China.
| | - Baoqing Bai
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shu Qin
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Shanxi Center for Testing of Functional Agro-Products, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Shanxi Kunming Tobacco Co., Ltd., Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - Guozhen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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He Y, Zhang S, Zhong C, Yang Y, Li G, Ji Y, Lin Z. Facile synthesis of Ti 4+-immobilized magnetic covalent organic frameworks for enhanced phosphopeptide enrichment. Talanta 2021; 235:122789. [PMID: 34517647 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, core-shell structured Ti4+-immobilized magnetic covalent organic frameworks (denoted as Fe3O4@TAPTDHTA-Ti4+ composites) were prepared for enhanced phosphopeptide enrichment by one-pot synthesis of COFs shell with inherent bifunctional groups on Fe3O4 NPs and further Ti4+ immobilization. The widely distributed bifunctional groups could provide abundant chelating sites for Ti4+ immobilizing. Combining with the high specific surface area and mesoporous structure, the Fe3O4@TAPTDHTA-Ti4+ composites exhibited excellent enrichment efficiency for phosphopeptides, such as low detection limit (0.05 fmol μL-1), high selectivity (1:5000 of molar ratio of β-casein/bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic digests), high adsorption capacity (62.9 μg mg-1) and strong size-exclusive effect (1:250:250 of molar ratio of β-casein tryptic digest/β-casein/BSA). In addition, this method was general for immobilizing other metal ions (Zr4+ and Fe3+). Notably, the Fe3O4@TAPTDHTA-Fe3+ composites exhibited controllable affinity towards mono-phosphopeptides and multi-phosphopeptides. Furthermore, the Fe3O4@TAPTDHTA-Ti4+ composites were successfully applied to selectively capture phosphopeptides from complex biological samples including the tryptic digest of nonfat milk, human serum and human saliva. More significantly, 3333 phosphopeptides derived from 1409 phosphoproteins with 3492 phosphorylation sites were clearly identified from the tryptic digest of HeLa cell lysate. In addition to providing a potential excellent enrichment probe for comprehensive phosphoproteomic analysis, this study also offers a new perspective for the functionalization of COFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Guorong Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yin Ji
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
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Guo W, Wang W, Yang Y, Zhang S, Yang B, Ma W, He Y, Lin Z, Cai Z. Facile fabrication of magnetic covalent organic frameworks and their application in selective enrichment of polychlorinated naphthalenes from fine particulate matter. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:91. [PMID: 33598812 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic covalent organic frameworks (Fe3O4@TPPCl4) were synthesized via a one-pot process in which magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MNP) served as a magnetic core and 2,4,6-trihydroxy-1,3,5-benzenetricarbaldehyde (TP) and 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobenzidine (PCl4) as two building blocks to form a shell. The as-prepared Fe3O4@TPPCl4 nanoparticles have superior features, including large surface area (186.5 m2 g-1), high porosity, strong magnetic responsiveness (42.6 emu g-1), high chlorine content, and outstanding thermal stability, which make them an ideal adsorbent for highly selective enrichment of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). Combining with atmospheric pressure gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (APGC-MS/MS), a simple analytical method of Fe3O4@TPPCl4-based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE)-APGC-MS/MS was developed, which exhibited good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) for eight PCNs in the concentration range 0.1-100 ng L-1. Moreover, low detection limits (0.005-0.325 ng L-1), high enrichment factors (46.62-81.97-fold), and good relative standard deviations (RSDs) of inter-day (n = 3, 1.64 to 7.44%) and day-to-day (n = 3, 2.62 to 8.23%) were achieved. This method was successfully applied to the selective enrichment of PCNs in fine particulate matter (PM)2.5 samples, and ultra-trace PCNs were found in the range 1.56-3.75 ng kg-1 with satisfactory recoveries (93.11-105.81%). The successful application demonstrated the great potential of Fe3O4@TPPCl4 nanoparticles as an adsorbent for enrichment of halogenated compounds. Schematic presented one-pot synthesis of magnetic covalent organic framework nanocomposites (Fe3O4@TPPCl4) and their application in the selective enrichment of PCNs from PM2.5 prior to APGC-MS/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Wenli Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Baichuan Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Wende Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Yu He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Zian Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Analytical Science for Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
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