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Agrawal A, Kesharvani S, Dwivedi G, Choudhary T, Verma R, Verma P. Quantifying the impact of lockdown measures on air pollution levels: A comparative study of Bhopal and Adelaide. Sci Total Environ 2024; 909:168595. [PMID: 37972780 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This research study presents an in-depth comparison of air quality in Bhopal, India, and Adelaide, Australia, focusing on the impact of COVID-19 restrictions. Utilizing air quality data from 2019 to 2022, the research analyzed the concentrations of pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3, during pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods. The findings demonstrate a significant reduction in PM2.5and PM10 levels during lockdown in cities such as Delhi and Haryana in India, and various Chinese cities, while also highlighting complex sources of air pollution like bushfires in regions like Sydney, Australia. In contrast, the study revealed nuanced trends in Bhopal and Adelaide, influenced by local geographical, climatic, and anthropogenic factors. Bhopal exhibited a notable decrease in PM10 and PM2.5levels, but inconsistent patterns in NO2 and CO, while Adelaide experienced marginal changes. The study emphasizes the temporary effectiveness of lockdowns and underscores the need for region-specific, sustainable air quality management strategies. Future implications include considerations for regional specificities, broader atmospheric chemistry, and international collaboration. The research provides valuable insights for urban air quality policy formulation, stressing a data-driven, long-term approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Agrawal
- Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Sujeet Kesharvani
- Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
| | - Gaurav Dwivedi
- Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India.
| | - Tushar Choudhary
- Department of Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur Indian Institute of Information Technology, India
| | - Ritu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baba Kundan College of Pharmacy, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141010, India
| | - Puneet Verma
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia
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Chen Y, Du W, Zhuo S, Liu W, Liu Y, Shen G, Wu S, Li J, Zhou B, Wang G, Zeng EY, Cheng H, Liu W, Tao S. Stack and fugitive emissions of major air pollutants from typical brick kilns in China. Environ Pollut 2017; 224:421-429. [PMID: 28237304 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Little information exists on emission factors (EFs, quantities of pollutants emitted per unit of fuel consumed) for brick kilns in China, although brick kilns are important emission sources of many air pollutants, and 45% of the world's bricks are produced in China. In this study, EFs of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matters (PMs), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for brick kilns were derived based on field measurements of a total of 18 brick kilns of major types in China. This was the first study to quantify EFs of both stack and fugitive sources based on a modified carbon balance method that was developed for this study. The EFs of most pollutants, especially the incomplete combustion products in fugitive emissions, were much higher than those for stack emissions, indicating a substantial underestimation of total emissions when leakage is not taken into consideration. This novel method can be applied to quantify emissions from other similar sources with both stack and fugitive emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanchen Chen
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Wei Du
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaojie Zhuo
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weijian Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuanlong Liu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- ORISE Postdoctoral Fellow at National Risk Management and Research Laboratory (NRMRL), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - Shuiping Wu
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Bianhong Zhou
- Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi'an 710075, China
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hefa Cheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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