1
|
Ma Y, Liu P, Li Z, Yue Y, Zhao Y, He J, Zhao J, Song X, Wang J, Liu Q, Lu L. High genetic diversity of the himalayan marmot relative to plague outbreaks in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:262. [PMID: 38459433 PMCID: PMC10921737 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10171-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plague, as an ancient zoonotic disease caused by Yersinia pestis, has brought great disasters. The natural plague focus of Marmota himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest, which has been constantly active and the leading source of human plague in China for decades. Understanding the population genetics of M. himalayana and relating that information to the biogeographic distribution of Yersinia pestis and plague outbreaks are greatly beneficial for the knowledge of plague spillover and arecrucial for pandemic prevention. In the present research, we assessed the population genetics of M. himalayana. We carried out a comparative study of plague outbreaks and the population genetics of M. himalayana on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We found that M. himalayana populations are divided into two main clusters located in the south and north of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Fourteen DFR genomovars of Y. pestis were found and exhibited a significant region-specific distribution. Additionally, the increased genetic diversity of plague hosts is positively associated with human plague outbreaks. This insight gained can improve our understanding of biodiversity for pathogen spillover and provide municipally directed targets for One Health surveillance development, which will be an informative next step toward increased monitoring of M. himalayana dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 811602, China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- College of Life Sciences, WuHan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yujuan Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 811602, China
| | - Jian He
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, 811602, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiuping Song
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Liang Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen Y, Guo C, Zhou S, Xiang Z. The mating system of Himalayan marmots as inferred by microsatellite markers. Curr Zool 2023; 69:654-657. [PMID: 37876642 PMCID: PMC10591142 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Himalayan marmot Marmota himalayana is widely distributed across the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and lives in social groups, yet the mating system of this highly social marmot species is unknown. In this study, the genetic mating system of Himalayan marmots was investigated using microsatellite markers to determine which mating strategies individuals employ. Results revealed that both monogamous and polygamous mating relationships occur in our study population, indicating that the genetic mating system of this marmot species is promiscuity. This study presents the first genetic evidence on the mating system for Himalayan marmots, yet indicates that further studies employing both a genetic and behavioral framework are needed to better understand the social structure and reproductive biology of this marmot species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Shuailing Zhou
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Zuofu Xiang
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 498 Shaoshan Nanlu, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ye L, Zhang G, Yang J, Yang C, Liu Y, Pu J, Huang Y, Zhang S, Jin D, Lu S, Liu L, Xu J. Taxonomic descriptions of Aeromicrobium duanguangcaii sp. nov., Aeromicrobium wangtongii sp. nov. and Aeromicrobium senzhongii sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37917124 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Six Gram-stain-positive, facultative anaerobic, nonmotile and rod-shaped strains, designated zg-Y50T, zg-Y1362, zg-Y1379T, zg-Y869, zg-629T and zg-Y636, were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana in Qinghai Province, PR China. Strains zg-Y50T, zg-Y1379T and zg-629T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.2, 98.9 and 98.8 % to Aeromicrobium choanae 9 H-4T, Aeromicrobium ginsengisoli JCM 14732T and Aeromicrobium flavum TYLN1T, respectively. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequences, respectively, revealed that the six strains formed three distinct clades within the genus Aeromicrobium. The genome sizes of strains zg-Y50T, zg-Y1379T and zg-629T were 3.1-3.7 Mb, with DNA G+C contents of 69.6-70.4 mol%. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between each novel strain and available members of the genus Aeromicrobium were all below species thresholds. All novel strains contained MK-9 (H4) as the major menaquinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the polar lipids. The predominant fatty acid of the six isolates was C18 : 1 ω9c. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained ʟʟ-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. Based on the results from this polyphasic taxonomic study, three novel species in the genus Aeromicrobium are proposed, namely, Aeromicrobium duanguangcaii sp. nov. (zg-Y50T=GDMCC 1.2981T=KCTC 49764T), Aeromicrobium wangtongii sp. nov. (zg-Y1379T=GDMCC 1.2982T=KCTC 49765T) and Aeromicrobium senzhongii sp. nov. (zg-629T=CGMCC 1.17414T=JCM 33888T).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Endocrinology, The second hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Gui Zhang
- Infection Management Office, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Caixin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38th Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38th Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng B, Qi Z, Li X, Peng H, Bi S, Wei X, Li Y, Zhang Q, Xu X, Zhao H, Yang X, Wang C, Zhao X. Characterization of Mu-Like Yersinia Phages Exhibiting Temperature Dependent Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0020323. [PMID: 37466430 PMCID: PMC10434027 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00203-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is the etiological agent of plague. Marmota himalayana of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau is the primary host of flea-borne Y. pestis. This study is the report of isolation of Mu-like bacteriophages of Y. pestis from M. himalayana. The isolation and characterization of four Mu-like phages of Y. pestis were reported, which were named as vB_YpM_3, vB_YpM_5, vB_YpM_6, and vB_YpM_23 according to their morphology. Comparative genome analysis revealed that vB_YpM_3, vB_YpM_5, vB_YpM_6, and vB_YpM_23 are phylogenetically closest to Escherichia coli phages Mu, D108 and Shigella flexneri phage SfMu. The role of LPS core structure of Y. pestis in the phages' receptor was pinpointed. All the phages exhibit "temperature dependent infection," which is independent of the growth temperature of the host bacteria and dependent of the temperature of phage infection. The phages lyse the host bacteria at 37°C, but enter the lysogenic cycle and become prophages in the chromosome of the host bacteria at 26°C. IMPORTANCE Mu-like bacteriophages of Y. pestis were isolated from M. himalayana of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau in China. These bacteriophages have a unique temperature dependent life cycle, follow a lytic cycle at the temperature of warm-blooded mammals (37°С), and enter the lysogenic cycle at the temperature of its flea-vector (26°С). A switch from the lysogenic to the lytic cycle occurred when lysogenic bacteria were incubated from lower temperature to higher temperature (initially incubating at 26°C and shifting to 37°C). It is speculated that the temperature dependent lifestyle of bacteriophages may affect the population dynamics and pathogenicity of Y. pestis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biao Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhen Qi
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Shanzheng Bi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dong L, Li Y, Yang C, Gong J, Zhu W, Huang Y, Kong M, Zhao L, Wang F, Lu S, Pu J, Yang J. Species-level microbiota of ticks and fleas from Marmota himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188155. [PMID: 37415819 PMCID: PMC10320725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ticks and fleas, as blood-sucking arthropods, carry and transmit various zoonotic diseases. In the natural plague foci of China, monitoring of Yersinia pestis has been continuously conducted in Marmota himalayana and other host animals, whereas other pathogens carried by vectors are rarely concerned in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Methods In this study, we investigated the microbiota of ticks and fleas sampling from M. himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China by metataxonomics combined with metagenomic methods. Results By metataxonomic approach based on full-length 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and operational phylogenetic unit (OPU) analyses, we described the microbiota community of ticks and fleas at the species level, annotated 1,250 OPUs in ticks, including 556 known species and 492 potentially new species, accounting for 48.50% and 41.71% of the total reads in ticks, respectively. A total of 689 OPUs were detected in fleas, consisting of 277 known species (40.62% of the total reads in fleas) and 294 potentially new species (56.88%). At the dominant species categories, we detected the Anaplasma phagocytophilum (OPU 421) and potentially pathogenic new species of Wolbachia, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Bartonella. Using shotgun sequencing, we obtained 10 metagenomic assembled genomes (MAGs) from vector samples, including a known species (Providencia heimbachae DFT2), and six new species affliated to four known genera, i.e., Wolbachia, Mumia, Bartonella, and Anaplasma. By the phylogenetic analyses based on full-length 16S rRNA genes and core genes, we identified that ticks harbored pathogenic A. phagocytophilum. Moreover, these potentially pathogenic novel species were more closely related to Ehrlichia muris, Ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis, Bartonella rochalimae, and Rickettsia limoniae, respectively. The OPU 422 Ehrlichia sp1 was most related to Ehrlichia muris and Ehrlichia muris subsp. eauclairensis. The OPU 230 Bartonella sp1 and Bartonella spp. (DTF8 and DTF9) was clustered with Bartonella rochalimae. The OPU 427 Rickettsia sp1 was clustered with Rickettsia limoniae. Discussion The findings of the study have advanced our understanding of the potential pathogen groups of vectors in marmot (Marmota himalayana) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yaben Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Caixin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mimi Kong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Pu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ye L, Zhang G, Pu J, Yang C, Liu Y, Xu M, Jin D, Lu S, Liu L, Yang J, Xu J. Cellulomonas xiejunii sp. nov., Cellulomonas chengniuliangii sp. nov. and Cellulomonas wangsupingiae sp. nov., three cellulolytic bacteria isolated from intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37227268 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Six facultative anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped bacteria (strains zg-B89T, zg-B12, zg-Y338T, zg-Y138, zg-Y908T and zg-Y766), were isolated from the intestinal contents of Marmota himalayana in Qinghai Province, PR China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that zg-B89T showed highest similarity to Cellulomonas iranensis NBRC 101100T (99.5 %), zg-Y338T to Cellulomonas cellasea DSM 20118T (98.7 %), and zg-Y908T to Cellulomonas flavigena DSM 20109T (99.0 %). Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and 881 core genes revealed that these six strains formed three separate clades in the genus Cellulomonas. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between these three novel species and all members of the genus Cellulomonas were below species thresholds (95-96 % for ANI and 70 % for dDDH). The DNA G+C contents of zg-B89T, zg-Y338T and zg-Y908T were 73.6, 72.9 and 74.5 %, respectively. Strains zg-B89T and zg-Y908T had anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 1 A, and zg-Y338T had anteiso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0 as the main fatty acids. All novel type strains had MK-9 (H4) as the predominant respiratory quinone, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannoside as the major polar lipids, and rhamnose, ribose and glucose as the cell-wall sugars. The peptidoglycan amino acids of zg-B89T, zg-Y338T and zg-Y908T contained ornithine, alanine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid (except for zg-Y338T). Based on genotypic, phenotypic, phylogenetic and biochemical properties, the six uncharacterized strains represent three novel species in the genus Cellulomonas, for which the names Cellulomonas xiejunii sp. nov. (type strain zg-B89T=GDMCC 1.2821T=KCTC 49756T), Cellulomonas chengniuliangii sp. nov. (type strain zg-Y338T=GDMCC 1.2829T=KCTC 49754T) and Cellulomonas wangsupingiae sp. nov. (type strain zg-Y908T=GDMCC 1.2820T=KCTC 49755T) are proposed, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ye
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Gui Zhang
- Infection Management Office, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Caixin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv X, Li Y, Cheng Y, Lai XH, Yang J, Lu S, Zhang G, Yang C, Jin D, Liu L, Xu J. Canibacter zhuwentaonis sp. nov. and Canibacter zhoujuaniae sp. nov. , isolated from Marmota himalayana. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [PMID: 36748412 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria (lx-72T, lx-45, ZJ784T and ZJ955) were isolated from the respiratory tract or faeces of marmot (Marmota himalayana) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all strains belong to the genus Canibacter and are more related to Canibacter oris CCUG 64069T (95.1-97.4 % similarity) than to the genus Leucobacter. Both strain pairs grew well at pH 6-9 and 15-42°C, and ZJ784T/ZJ955 could tolerate slightly higher NaCl (0.5-4.5 %, w/v) than lx-72T/lx-45(0.5-3.5 %). Based on whole-genome sequences, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between our four isolates and their closest relative were below the species delineation thresholds of 70 % and 95-96 %. The common major fatty acids (>10 %) of our four strains were anteiso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C17 : 0. For both new type strains, MK-8(H4) and MK-9(H4) were the major isoprenoid quinones, and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were the main polar lipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of all strains was 53.9 mol%. Based on results from the genomic comparison, phylogenetic analysis, and physiological and biochemical characteristics, the four isolates represent two novel species in the genus Canibacter, for which the names Canibacter zhuwentaonis sp. nov. (type strain lx-72T=KCTC 49658T=GDMCC 1.2569T) and Canibacter zhoujuaniae sp. nov. (type strain ZJ784T=KCTC 49507T=GDMCC 1.1997T) are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Lv
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yinmei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China.,Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Gui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Caixin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanxi Medical University School of Public Health, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qi Z, Meng B, Wei X, Li X, Peng H, Li Y, Feng Q, Huang Y, Zhang Q, Xu X, Zhao H, Yang X, Wang C, Zhao X. Identification and characterization of P2-like bacteriophages of Yersinia pestis. Virus Res 2022; 322:198934. [PMID: 36169047 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Yersinia pestis is the cause of plague, historically known as the "Black Death". Marmota himalayana in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) natural plague focus is the primary host in China. Although several phages originating from Y. pestis have been characterized. This is the first report of isolation of P2-like phages of Y. pestis from M. himalayana. In this study, the isolation and characterization of three P2-like phages of Y. pestis were reported, which were named as vB_YpM_22, vB_YpM_46 and vB_YpM_50. Comparative genome analysis revealed that vB_YpM_22, vB_YpM_46 and vB_YpM_50 are members of the nonlambdoid P2 family, and are highly similar and collinear with enterobacteriophage P2, plague diagnostic phage L-413C and enterobacteriophage fiAA91-ss. The role of LPS core structure of Y. pestis in the phages' receptor was pinpointed. The findings of this study contribute an advance in our current knowledge of Y. pestis phages and will also play a key role in understanding the evolution of Y. pestis phages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhen Qi
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Biao Meng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qunling Feng
- PLA 63750 Military Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Huang
- PLA 63750 Military Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang D, Duan R, Chen Y, Liang J, Zheng X, Qin S, Bukai A, Lu X, Xi J, Lv D, He Z, Wu W, Xiao M, Jing H, Wang X. Plague Outbreak of a Marmota himalayana Family Emerging from Hibernation. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2022; 22:410-418. [PMID: 35787155 PMCID: PMC9419979 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2021, a plague outbreak was identified within one Marmota himalayana family shortly after emerging from hibernation, during plague surveillance in the M. himalayana plague foci of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A total of five marmots were found dead of Yersinia pestis near the same burrow; one live marmot was positive of Y. pestis fraction 1 (F1) antibody. Comparative genome analysis shows that few single nucleotide polymorphisms were detected among the nine strains, indicating the same origin of the outbreak. The survived marmot shows a high titer of F1 antibody, higher than the mean titer of all marmots during the 2021 monitoring period (W = 391.00, Z = 2.81, p < 0.01). Marmots live with Y. pestis during hibernation when the pathogen is inhibited by hypothermia. But they wake up during or just after hibernation with body temperature rising to 37°C, when Y. pestis goes through optimal growth temperature, increases virulence, and causes death in marmots. A previous report has shown human plague cases caused by excavating marmots during winter; combined, this study shows the high risk of hibernation marmot carrying Y. pestis. This analysis provides new insights into the transmission of the highly virulent Y. pestis in M. himalayana plague foci and drives further effort upon plague control during hibernation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhuang Chen
- Child Healthcare Department, Shenzhen Nanshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojin Zheng
- Plague Prevention and Control Department, Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Asaiti Bukai
- Plague Prevention and Control Department, Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Xinmin Lu
- Plague Prevention and Control Department, Akesai Kazak Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Jinxiao Xi
- Institute for Plague and Brucellosis Prevention and Control, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dongyue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaokai He
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duan R, Lv D, Fan R, Fu G, Mu H, Xi J, Lu X, Chun H, Hua J, He Z, Qin S, Huang Y, Xiao M, Yang J, Jing H, Wang X. Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Marmota himalayana. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:335. [PMID: 35490230 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human granulocytic anaplasmosis is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Coinfections with A. phagocytophilum and other tick-borne pathogens are reported frequently, whereas the relationship between A. phagocytophilum and flea-borne Yersnia pestis is rarely concerned. Results A. phagocytophilum and Yersnia pestis were discovered within a Marmota himalayana found dead in the environment, as determined by 16S ribosomal rRNA sequencing. Comparative genomic analyses of marmot-derived A. phagocytophilum isolate demonstrated its similarities and a geographic isolation from other global strains. The 16S rRNA gene and GroEL amino acid sequence identity rates between marmot-derived A. phagocytophilum (JAHLEX000000000) and reference strain HZ (CP000235.1) are 99.73% (1490/1494) and 99.82% (549/550), respectively. 16S rRNA and groESL gene screenings show that A. phagocytophilum is widely distributed in marmots; the bacterium was more common in marmots found dead (24.59%, 15/61) than in captured marmots (19.21%, 29/151). We found a higher Y. pestis isolation rate in dead marmots harboring A. phagocytophilum than in those without it (2 = 4.047, p < 0.05). Marmot-derived A. phagocytophilum was able to live in L929 cells and BALB/c mice but did not propagate well. Conclusions In this study, A. phagocytophilum was identified for the first time in Marmota himalayana, a predominant Yersinia pestis host. Our results provide initial evidence for M. himalayana being a reservoir for A. phagocytophilum; moreover, we found with the presence of A. phagocytophilum, marmots may be more vulnerable to plague. Humans are at risk for co-infection with both pathogens by exposure to such marmots. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08557-x.
Collapse
|
11
|
Li X, Yang T, Wang D. Phylogenetic and functional structures of succession in plant communities on mounds of Marmota himalayana in alpine regions on the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Plant Divers 2021; 43:275-280. [PMID: 34485769 PMCID: PMC8390913 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the succession of plant communities in the alpine zone. Studying the succession of plant communities is helpful to understand how species diversity is formed and maintained. In this study, we used species inventories, a molecular phylogeny, and trait data to detect patterns of phylogenetic and functional community structure in successional plant communities growing on the mounds of Himalayan marmots (Marmota himalayana) on the southeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. We found that phylogenetic and functional diversities of plant communities on marmot mounds tended to cluster during the early to medium stages of succession, then trended toward overdispersion from medium to late stages. Alpine species in early and late stages of succession were phylogenetically and functionally overdispersed, suggesting that such communities were assembled mainly through species interactions, especially competition. At the medium and late stages of succession, alpine communities growing on marmot mounds were phylogenetically and functionally clustered, implying that the communities were primarily structured by environmental filtering. During the medium and late stages of succession the phylogenetic and functional structures of plant communities on marmot mounds differed significantly from those on neighboring sites. Our results indicate that environmental filtering and species interactions can change plant community composition at different successional stages. Assembly of plant communities on marmot mounds was promoted by a combination of traits that may provide advantages for survival and adaptation during periods of environmental change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou J, Zhang S, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Pu J, Jin D, Lu S, Huang Y, Zhu W, Huang Y, Xu M, Lei W, Cheng Y, Liu L, Xu J. Characterization of isolates of members of the genus Actinomyces from Marmota himalayana: description of Actinomyces faecalis sp. nov., Actinomyces respiraculi sp. nov., and Actinomyces trachealis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34252022 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six novel strains (ZJ34T, ZJ561, ZJ750T, ZJ1629, zg-993T and zg-987) isolated from faeces and respiratory tracts of Marmota himalayana from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of PR China were characterized comprehensively. The results of analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that the six strains represent three novel species of the genus Actinomyces, and are closely related to Actinomyces urogenitalis DSM 15434T (16S rRNA gene sequences similarities, 94.9-98.7 %), Actinomyces weissii CCUG 61299T (95.6-96.6 %), Actinomyces bovis CCTCC AB2010168T (95.7 %) and Actinomyces bowdenii DSM 15435T (95.2-96.4 %), with values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization less than 30.1 % when compared with their closest relatives but higher than 70 % within each pair of novel strains (ZJ34T/ZJ561, ZJ750T/ZJ1629 and zg-993T/zg-987). All the novel strains had C18 : 1 ω9c and C16 : 0 as the two most abundant major fatty acids. MK-9(H4) or MK-8(H4) was the sole or predominant respiratory quinone of strains ZJ34T, ZJ750T and zg-993T and their polar lipid profiles differed, but all had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidyl inositol mannoside as major components. ZJ750T shared identical peptidoglycan amino acid profile with ZJ34T (alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and ornithine) and the same whole-cell sugar composition with zg-993T (glucose, rhamnose and ribose). Strain zg-993T contained alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan, and the only sugar in ZJ34T was ribose. The DNA G+C contents of the novel strains were within the range of 65.8-70.1 mol%. On the basis of the results from the aforementioned analyses, the six novel strains were classified as representing three novel species of genus Actinomyces, for which the names Actinomyces faecalis sp. nov. [type strain ZJ34T (=GDMCC 1.1952T=JCM 34355T)], Actinomyces respiraculi sp. nov. [type strain ZJ750T (=GDMCC 1.1950T=JCM 34356T)] and Actinomyces trachealis sp. nov. [type strain zg-993T (=GDMCC 1.1956T=JCM 34357T)] were proposed, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Gui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.,Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liang J, Qin S, Duan R, Zhang H, Wu W, Li X, Tang D, Fu G, Lu X, Lv D, He Z, Mu H, Xiao M, Yang J, Jing H, Wang X. A Lytic Yersina pestis Bacteriophage Obtained From the Bone Marrow of Marmota himalayana in a Plague-Focus Area in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:700322. [PMID: 34307197 PMCID: PMC8297710 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.700322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A lytic Yersinia pestis phage vB_YpP-YepMm (also named YepMm for briefly) was first isolated from the bone marrow of a Marmota himalayana who died of natural causes on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China. Based on its morphologic (isometric hexagonal head and short non-contractile conical tail) and genomic features, we classified it as belonging to the Podoviridae family. At the MOI of 10, YepMm reached maximum titers; and the one-step growth curve showed that the incubation period of the phage was about 10 min, the rise phase was about 80 min, and the lysis amount of the phage during the lysis period of 80 min was about 187 PFU/cell. The genome of the bacteriophage YepMm had nucleotide-sequence similarity of 99.99% to that of the Y. pestis bacteriophage Yep-phi characterized previously. Analyses of the biological characters showed that YepMm has a short latent period, strong lysis, and a broader lysis spectrum. It could infect Y. pestis, highly pathogenic bioserotype 1B/O:8 Y. enterocolitica, as well as serotype O:1b Y. pseudotuberculosis—the ancestor of Y. pestis. It could be further developed as an important biocontrol agent in pathogenic Yersinia spp. infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Sanitary Inspection Center, Xuzhou Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guoming Fu
- Sanitary Inspection Center, Subei Mongolian Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Xinmin Lu
- Sanitary Inspection Center, Akesai Kazakh Autonomous County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Dongyue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaokai He
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jinchuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou J, Xu M, Guo W, Yang J, Pu J, Lai XH, Jin D, Lu S, Zhang S, Huang Y, Zhu W, Huang Y, Zheng H, Xu J. Corynebacterium lizhenjunii sp. nov., isolated from the respiratory tract of Marmota himalayana, and Corynebacterium qintianiae sp. nov., isolated from the lung tissue of Pseudois nayaur. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 33974533 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and asporous bacilli (strains ZJ-599T, ZJ-621, MC1420T and MC1482), isolated from animal tissue and environmental samples collected on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, PR China, were taxonomically characterized. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, the closest relatives of strains ZJ-599T and ZJ-621 were Corynebacterium endometrii LMM-1653T (97.5 %), Corynebacterium phocae M408/89/1T (96.5 %) and Corynebacterium flavescens OJ8T (96.3 %), whereas strains MC1420T and MC1482 were closest to Corynebacterium sanguinis CCUG 58655T (98.9 %), Corynebacterium mycetoides DSM 20632T (98.4 %) and Corynebacterium lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T (97.9 %). The results of rpoB gene sequence similarity analysis indicated that C. phocae M408/89/1T and C. sanguinis CCUG 58655T were closest to strains ZJ-599T/ZJ-621 (83.5 %) and MC1420T/MC1482 (91.8 %), respectively. The two novel type strains shared a similarity of 95.2 % in 16S rRNA and 81.3 % in rpoB gene sequences. The TAP-PCR DNA fingerprint and MALDI-TOF MS spectrum patterns clearly differentiated the novel isolates within and between each pair of strains. Strain ZJ-599T had 21.9-22.4 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) scores with C. endometrii LMM-1653T, C. phocae M408/89/1T and C. flavescens OJ8T, and 72.3-72.9 % of average nucleotide identity (ANI) with them. Similarly, strain MC1420T had 22.9-23.7 % dDDH values with C. sanguinis CCUG 58655T, C. mycetoides DSM 20632T and C. lipophiloflavum DSM 44291T, and 80.4-81.3 % ANI scores with them. Strain ZJ-599T had a 23.1 % dDDH value and 70.5 % ANI score with strain MC1420T, both below the corresponding thresholds for species delineation. Strains ZJ-599T and MC1420T both contain mycolic acids and have MK-8(H2) and MK-9(H2) as the predominant respiratory quinones, meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and C18 : 1 ω9c as the main fatty acid. C17 : 1 ω8c and C15 : 1 ω8c were predominant in strain ZJ-599T in contrast to C17 : 1 ω7c being predominant in strain MC1420T. The main polar lipids in strain ZJ-599T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and one unidentified glycolipid, while strain MC1420T had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified lipid as the major components. Since the two pairs of novel strains (ZJ-599T/ZJ-621, MC1420T/MC1482) distinctly differ from each other and from their nearest relatives, two novel species of the genus Corynebacterium are proposed, namely Corynebacterium lizhenjunii (type strain ZJ-599T=GDMCC 1.1779T=JCM 34341T) and Corynebacterium qintianiae (type strain MC1420T=GDMCC 1.1783T=JCM 34340T), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wentao Guo
- Qinghai Province Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, Qinghai Province, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bao Z, Li C, Guo C, Xiang Z. Convergent Evolution of Himalayan Marmot with Some High-Altitude Animals through ND3 Protein. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020251. [PMID: 33498455 PMCID: PMC7909448 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) mainly lives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and it adopts multiple strategies to adapt to high-altitude environments. According to the principle of convergent evolution as expressed in genes and traits, the Himalayan marmot might display similar changes to other local species at the molecular level. In this study, we obtained high-quality sequences of the CYTB gene, CYTB protein, ND3 gene, and ND3 protein of representative species (n = 20) from NCBI, and divided them into the marmot group (n = 11), the plateau group (n = 8), and the Himalayan marmot (n = 1). To explore whether plateau species have convergent evolution on the microscale level, we built a phylogenetic tree, calculated genetic distance, and analyzed the conservation and space structure of Himalayan marmot ND3 protein. The marmot group and Himalayan marmots were in the same branch of the phylogenetic tree for the CYTB gene and CYTB protein, and mean genetic distance was 0.106 and 0.055, respectively, which was significantly lower than the plateau group. However, the plateau group and the Himalayan marmot were in the same branch of the phylogenetic tree, and the genetic distance was only 10% of the marmot group for the ND3 protein, except Marmota flaviventris. In addition, some sites of the ND3 amino acid sequence of Himalayan marmots were conserved from the plateau group, but not the marmot group. This could lead to different structures and functional diversifications. These findings indicate that Himalayan marmots have adapted to the plateau environment partly through convergent evolution of the ND3 protein with other plateau animals, however, this protein is not the only strategy to adapt to high altitudes, as there may have other methods to adapt to this environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cheng Guo
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (Z.X.); Tel.: +86-731-5623392 (C.G. & Z.X.); Fax: +86-731-5623498 (C.G. & Z.X.)
| | - Zuofu Xiang
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (Z.X.); Tel.: +86-731-5623392 (C.G. & Z.X.); Fax: +86-731-5623498 (C.G. & Z.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Niu L, Hu S, Lu S, Lai XH, Yang J, Jin D, Rao L, Lu G, Xu J. Isolation and characterization of Streptococcus respiraculi sp. nov. from Marmota himalayana (Himalayan marmot) respiratory tract. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2082-2087. [PMID: 29717973 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two bacterial strains were individually isolated from Marmota himalayana respiratory tracts; the animals were from the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, PR China. The isolates were Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped, chain-forming organisms. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the type strain HTS25T shared 98.0, 97.4, 97.2 and 97.1 % similarity with Streptococcus cuniculi, Streptococcus acidominimus, Streptococcus marmotae and Streptococcus himalayensis respectively. Sequence analysis of the sodA and rpoB genes indicated that HTS25T was closely related to S. marmotae (similarities of 94.7 and 91.4 % respectively). Analysis of groEL sequences showed interspecies similarity of 84.8 % between HTS25T and S. himalayensis. A whole-genome phylogenetic tree reconstructed from 81 core genes from the genomes of 17 members of the genus Streptococcus was used to validate that HTS25T forms a distinct subline from other recognized species of the genus Streptococcus. DNA-DNA hybridization of HTS25T showed a maximum estimated DNA reassociation value of 32.1 % to Streptococcus cuniculi CCUG 65085T. On the basis of the results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, we propose that the two isolates be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Streptococcus, named Streptococcus respiraculi sp. nov. The type strain is HTS25T (=DSM 101998T=CGMCC 1.15531T). The genome of Streptococcus respiraculi sp. nov. strain HTS25T (2 067 971 bp) contains 2001 genes with an average DNA G+C content of 42.7 mol%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Niu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine Tropical Diseases (Hainan Medical University); Hainan Medical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haikou 571199, PR China.,State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shoukui Hu
- Peking University shougang hospital, Beijing 100144, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- School of Biology and Food Sciences, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan 476000, PR China.,Central Laboratory of Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Langyu Rao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine Tropical Diseases (Hainan Medical University); Hainan Medical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine and Life Science, Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Translation Medicine Tropical Diseases (Hainan Medical University); Hainan Medical University-University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Haikou 571199, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ge P, Xi J, Ding J, Jin F, Zhang H, Guo L, Zhang J, Li J, Gan Z, Wu B, Liang J, Wang X, Wang X. Primary case of human pneumonic plague occurring in a Himalayan marmot natural focus area Gansu Province, China. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 33:67-70. [PMID: 25555623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of primary pneumonic plague (PPP) caused by Yersinia pestis is reported. This case occurred in the largest plague area in China. The patient died after contact with a dog that had captured an infected marmot. Three of 151 contacts were shown to be positive for antibody against F1 antigen by indirect hemagglutination assay, but none had clinical symptoms. There was no secondary case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ge
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinxiao Xi
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun Ding
- Jiuquan Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Fachang Jin
- Yumen Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yumen, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, China
| | - Limin Guo
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Yumen Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yumen, China
| | - Junlin Li
- Yumen Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yumen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gan
- Jiuquan Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiuquan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junrong Liang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 155 Changbai Road, Changping District, 102206 Beijing, China.
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Gansu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 230 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang B, Zhu Z, Zhu B, Wang J, Song Z, Huang S, Fan W, Tao Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Lu M, Yang D. Nucleoside analogues alone or combined with vaccination prevent hepadnavirus viremia and induce protective immunity: alternative strategy for hepatitis B virus post-exposure prophylaxis. Antiviral Res 2014; 105:118-25. [PMID: 24583157 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current strategies for hepatitis B virus (HBV) post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are not generally available in remote and rural areas of developing countries and/or carry potential risks for infection with blood-borne transmitted pathogens. Nucleotide analogues (NAs) are successfully used for human immunodeficiency virus PEP, and maybe effective for HBV PEP. In this study, we tested the NA-based strategies for HBV PEP using the Chinese woodchuck model. METHODS Chinese woodchucks were inoculated intravenously with different doses of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). A deoxyguanosine analogue entacavir (ETV), a DNA vaccine pWHcIm, or ETV plus pWHcIm were applied to the infected animals 24h later. Twenty weeks later, the animals were re-challenged with WHV to test for the presence of immunity against WHV. RESULTS Inoculation with different WHV doses had a strong influence on the course of WHV infection; NA alone or in combination with a DNA vaccine completely prevented viremia after a high dose of WHV inoculation in Chinese woodchucks and induced partial or complete protective immunity, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NA-based PEP strategies (NA alone or in combination with vaccine) may be an alternative of HBV PEP, especially in those living in the remote and rural areas of the developing countries and the non-responders to the current vaccine, and may be valuable in the PEP of HBV and HIV co-infection after occupational and non-occupational exposure. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm the valuable of NA-based strategies in HBV PEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoju Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhenni Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhitao Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Shunmei Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China
| | - Yuanqing Tao
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China
| | - Zhongdong Wang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining 811602, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institut für Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45122, Germany.
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|