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Sabbouh M, Nikitina A, Rogacheva E, Nebalueva A, Shilovskikh V, Sadovnichii R, Koroleva A, Nikolaev K, Kraeva L, Ulasevich S, Skorb E. Sonochemical fabrication of gradient antibacterial materials based on Cu-Zn alloy. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 92:106247. [PMID: 36508894 PMCID: PMC9763737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
At present research, we highlight ultrasonic treatment as a new way to create materials with a gradient change of chemical or physical properties. We demonstrate the possibility to fabricate novel materials with biocide activity based on simple and cheap Cu-Zn alloy. In this research, we propose a green preparative technique for the sonication of an alloy in an alkali solution. The method leads to a significant visual change and differentiation of particles into three different fractions. Due to the chemical micro gradients in media near the solid surface under intensive sonication, fast formation of specific functional groups occurs on the particles' surface. The particles were studied X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) analysis, the field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) mode, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) technique. A strong correlation of both methods proves a redistribution of copper ions from Fraction I to Fraction III that influence for the antibacterial properties of the prepared material. The different biocidal activity was demonstrated for each separated Fraction that could be related to their different phase content and ability to release the different types of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Sabbouh
- ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Nikitina
- ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Rogacheva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anna Nebalueva
- ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Shilovskikh
- ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia; Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Lyudmila Kraeva
- Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Skorb
- ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova Street, 191002 St. Petersburg, Russia
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2
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Back S, Sakanakura H. Comparison of the efficiency of metal recovery from wet- and dry-discharged municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash by air table sorting and milling. Waste Manag 2022; 154:113-125. [PMID: 36228330 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Separating high-density fractions from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (BA) is a promising approach for collecting metal resources and harmful elements. Herein, the efficiency of the recovery of metals (Cu, Zn, Au, Ag, and Pb) in the high-density fractions of two air-dried BAs discharged from wet-based systems (WBA), was compared with that of two BAs discharged from dry-based systems (DBA). WBAs and DBAs (<8 mm) were sorted using sieving, magnetic separation, milling, and air table sorting techniques. Newton's separation efficiency was used to evaluate three scenarios that combined various sorting processes. WBA contained high-density fractions (D1, 2.73-3.63 g/cm3) with a density similar to that of D1 in DBA (2.68-3.67 g/cm3), but the surface of the particles was covered by more minerals. When D1, and the metal particles were recovered after the milling of the low-density fractions, the overall separation efficiency in WBA (0.30-0.40) was lower than that in DBA (0.49) because of the lower separation efficiency for Zn and Pb compared to that for the other target metals. In contrast, no significant difference was recorded in the separation efficiency for Cu, Au, and Ag between WBA and DBA. D1 (18000-132000 mg-Cu/kg) and metal particles (29900-199800 mg-Cu/kg) in both WBA and DBA recorded abundant Cu contents. Moreover, the Au content in some D1 was similar to that found in natural ores. The elemental contents and separation efficiency results indicated that D1 and metal particles should be collected from both WBA and DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungki Back
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17, Wauan-gil, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hirofumi Sakanakura
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Järlskog I, Jaramillo-Vogel D, Rausch J, Gustafsson M, Strömvall AM, Andersson-Sköld Y. Concentrations of tire wear microplastics and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles in the road environment. Environ Int 2022; 170:107618. [PMID: 36356554 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP) are assumed to be one of the major sources of microplastic pollution to the environment. However, many of the previously published studies are based on theoretical estimations rather than field measurements. To increase the knowledge regarding actual environmental concentrations, samples were collected and analyzed from different matrices in a rural highway environment to characterize and quantify TWP and other traffic-derived non-exhaust particles. The sampled matrices included road dust (from kerb and in-between wheeltracks), runoff (water and sediment), and air. In addition, airborne deposition was determined in a transect with increasing distance from the road. Two sieved size fractions (2-20 µm and 20-125 µm) were analyzed by automated Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) single particle analysis and classified with a machine learning algorithm into the following subclasses: TWP, bitumen wear particles (BiWP), road markings, reflecting glass beads, metals, minerals, and biogenic/organic particles. The relative particle number concentrations (%) showed that the runoff contained the highest proportion of TWP (up to 38 %). The share of TWP in kerb samples tended to be higher than BiWP. However, a seasonal increase of BiWP was observed in coarse (20-125 µm) kerb samples during winter, most likely reflecting studded tire use. The concentration of the particle subclasses within airborne PM80-1 decreases with increasing distance from the road, evidencing road traffic as the main emission source. The results confirm that road dust and the surrounding environment contain traffic-derived microplastics in both size fractions. The finer fraction (2-20 µm) dominated (by mass, volume, and number) in all sample matrices. These particles have a high potential to be transported in water and air far away from the source and can contribute to the inhalable particle fraction (PM10) in air. This highlights the importance of including also finer particle fractions in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Järlskog
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Juanita Rausch
- Particle Vision GmbH, Passage du Cardinal 13b, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mats Gustafsson
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ann-Margret Strömvall
- Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Andersson-Sköld
- Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden; Geology and Geotechnics, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Pajares-Chamorro N, Hammer ND, Chatzistavrou X. Materials for restoring lost Activity: Old drugs for new bugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 186:114302. [PMID: 35461913 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The escalation of bacterial resistance to conventional medical antibiotics is a serious concern worldwide. Improvements to current therapies are urgently needed to address this problem. The synergistic combination of antibiotics with other agents is a strategic solution to combat multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Although these combinations decrease the required high dosages and therefore, reduce the toxicity of both agents without compromising the bactericidal effect, they cannot stop the development of further resistance. Recent studies have shown certain elements restore the ability of antibiotics to destroy bacteria that have acquired resistance to them. Due to these synergistic activities, organic and inorganic molecules have been investigated with the goal of restoring antibiotics in new approaches that mitigate the risk of expanding resistance. Herein, we summarize recent studies that restore antibiotics once thought to be ineffective, but have returned to our armamentarium through innovative, combinatorial efforts. A special focus is placed on the mechanisms that allow the synergistic combinations to combat bacteria. The promising data that demonstrated restoration of antimicrobials, supports the notion to find more combinations that can combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Kouadio EK, Goriaux M, Laguionie P, Ruban V. Metal particle seeding on urban surface samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:30837-30849. [PMID: 35091951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to estimate the resuspension of the particles empirically, it is necessary to carry out a homogeneous distribution of the particles on the tested surfaces. Thus, in many studies, seeding or deposition in experimental chambers is performed to quantify initial concentrations for subsequent resuspension experiments. The current study was carried out to assess metal particle seeding efficiency on four types of urban surfaces (slate, facade coating, tile, and glass) in a test chamber. To achieve this objective, we compared firstly different solubilization techniques of silver polydisperse particles (1.3-3.2 μm and 0.5-1.0 μm) and gold polydisperse particles (Ø˂5 μm) for chemical quantification by ICP-MS. The result showed better yields in the case of gold for all solubilization techniques studied (82% ± 5% to 98% ± 2% for gold versus 23% ± 18% to 84% ± 12% for silver). Based on this result, four seeding tests were carried out with the gold particles (distribution in chamber centered on 1μm). The concentrations seeded on urban surfaces (mean ± SD) varied from 10,900 ± 1,900 μg.m-2 (facade coating sample) to 1900 ± 390 μg.m-2 (glass sample). The relative standard deviation of the measured concentrations equaled 9.5% (tested for aluminum foils), which was less than the measurement uncertainty of the recording equipment (≈14%) and reflected good seeding homogeneity. Observations by scanning electron microscopy coupled to microanalysis (SEM-EDX) were in agreement with these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathieu Goriaux
- GERS-LEE, Gustave Eiffel University, F-44344, Bouguenais, France.
| | - Philippe Laguionie
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRC, 50130, Cherbourg-Octeville, France
| | - Véronique Ruban
- GERS-LEE, Gustave Eiffel University, F-44344, Bouguenais, France
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Bilal M, Hussain N, Américo-Pinheiro JHP, Almulaiky YQ, Iqbal HMN. Multi-enzyme co-immobilized nano-assemblies: Bringing enzymes together for expanding bio-catalysis scope to meet biotechnological challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:735-749. [PMID: 34271049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Co-immobilization of multi-enzymes has emerged as a promising concept to design and signify bio-catalysis engineering. Undoubtedly, the existence and importance of basic immobilization methods such as encapsulation, covalent binding, cross-linking, or even simple adsorption cannot be ignored as they are the core of advanced co-immobilization strategies. Different strategies have been developed and deployed to green the twenty-first century bio-catalysis. Moreover, co-immobilization of multi-enzymes has successfully resolved the limitations of individual enzyme loaded constructs. With an added value of this advanced bio-catalysis engineering platform, designing, and fabricating co-immobilized enzymes loaded nanostructure carriers to perform a particular set of reactions with high catalytic turnover is of supreme interest. Herein, we spotlight the emergence of co-immobilization strategies by bringing multi-enzymes together with various types of nanocarriers to expand the bio-catalysis scope. Following a brief introduction, the first part of the review focuses on multienzyme co-immobilization strategies, i.e., random co-immobilization, compartmentalization, and positional co-immobilization. The second part comprehensively covers four major categories of nanocarriers, i.e., carbon based nanocarriers, polymer based nanocarriers, silica-based nanocarriers, and metal-based nanocarriers along with their particular examples. In each section, several critical factors that can affect the performance and successful deployment of co-immobilization of enzymes are given in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Nazim Hussain
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | | | - Yaaser Q Almulaiky
- University of Jeddah, College of Sciences and Arts at Khulais, Department of Chemistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.
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Staroń A, Długosz O. Antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles in the context of advantages and potential risks of their use. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2021; 56:680-693. [PMID: 33979267 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2021.1917936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of nanotechnology results from the possibility of obtaining materials that have better chemical, electrical, thermal, mechanical, or optical properties. Nano-sized materials are characterized by an increased surface area, which improves their chemical reactivity and mobility. Due to their enhanced reactivity and appropriately small size, some nanoparticles are used as antimicrobial and antifungal agents. Nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial potential through multifaceted mechanisms. The adhesion of nanoparticles to microbial cells, and reactive oxygen species, and their penetration inside the cells, have been recognized as the most prominent modes of antimicrobial action. This review presents the mechanism of action of nanometals and oxide nanoparticles used as antimicrobials and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to the toxic effects of nanoparticles. The article presents methods of forming microorganism resistance to the toxic effects of nanoparticles and the negative impact of nanoparticles on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Staroń
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - Olga Długosz
- Department of Engineering and Chemical Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
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8
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Ulasevich SA, Koshel EI, Kassirov IS, Brezhneva N, Shkodenko L, Skorb EV. Oscillating of physicochemical and biological properties of metal particles on their sonochemical treatment. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2020; 109:110458. [PMID: 32228946 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Different metal particles are increasingly used to target bacteria as an alternative to antibiotics. Despite numerous data about treating bacterial infections, the utilization of metal particles in antibacterial coatings for implantable devices and medicinal materials promoting wound healing. The antibacterial mechanisms of nanoscale and microscale particles are poorly understood, but the currently accepted mechanisms include oxidative stress induction, metal ion release, and non-oxidative mechanisms. Thus, investigation of the antibacterial mechanisms of nanostructured metal particles is very important for the development of more effective antimicrobial materials. However, it is very difficult to develop a proper model for revealing the antibacterial mechanisms due to difficulty to choose a method that allows obtaining materials of various properties under approximately the same conditions. In this paper, we propose a green and feasible technique to create critical conditions for modification of zinc particles at highly non-equilibrium states. We demonstrate that the sonication process can be useful for fabrication the materials with oscillating physical, chemical and antibacterial properties. We believe this method besides medical applications can be also used in natural science basic research as an experimental tool for modelling the physical and chemical processes. After the sonication, the zinc particles exhibit a different surface morphology and amount of leached Zn2+ ions compared to initial ones. It has been revealed that oscillations of the Zn2+ ions concentration lead to oscillation the antibacterial properties. Thus, the properties of the materials can be easily altered by adjusting the ultrasound energy dissipated via varying the sonication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena I Koshel
- ITMO University, Lomonosova st. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Ilya S Kassirov
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Mira st.14, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Liubov Shkodenko
- ITMO University, Lomonosova st. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia
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Andreeva DV, Cherepanov PV, Avadhut YS, Senker J. Rapidly oscillating microbubbles force development of micro- and mesoporous interfaces and composition gradients in solids. Ultrason Sonochem 2019; 51:439-443. [PMID: 30072259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Progress in understanding of energy transfer in nature and human being requires novel approaches to the processing of solids on demand, in specially those with composition gradients and those thermodynamically and kinetically inaccessible. We demonstrate that rapidly oscillating microbubbles are useful for materials processing, because they manipulate surface temperature and creates temperature gradients in predictable way. Ultrasonic treatment leads to an increase in the surface area of particles up to 180 m2g-1 and the formation of micropores in metal phase and mesopores in metal oxide phase. The spatially and temporally unique energy dissipation conditions promise new interfaces with higher level of complexity and applications among others in catalysis, energy storage, drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Andreeva
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore.
| | - Pavel V Cherepanov
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore
| | - Y S Avadhut
- Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, Bayreuth, Germany
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Sajnóg A, Hanć A, Koczorowski R, Makuch K, Barałkiewicz D. Usefulness of laser ablation ICP-MS for analysis of metallic particles released to oral mucosa after insertion of dental implants. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 46:46-54. [PMID: 29413110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that titanium is considered highly biocompatible, its presence in the oral cavity (an environment of frequently changing pH and temperature) may result in the release of titanium from intraosseous implants into the oral mucosa, causing a range of reactions from the human body. Fragments of oral mucosa collected from patients after dental implant insertion were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The study revealed an elevated content of elements (Ti, Al, V) which are components of the metal implants and temporary cover screws. Dynamic ablation of the tissue surface was used in order to obtain maps of the content and distribution of analyzed elements. The material consisted of 30 oral mucosa tissue fragments collected 3-5 months after implantation and 10 samples collected before implantation (control group). The application of optical microscope allowed for indication and confirmation of the location of metal particles prior to LA-ICP-MS analysis. The so-obtained map permitted location of regions containing metal particles. LA-ICP-MS analysis revealed groups of samples with similar properties of metal particles, thus confirming that those metal particles were the main source of the elevated content of metals (Ti, Al, V) in the tissue after implantation. A calibration strategy based on matrix matched solid standards with powdered egg white proteins as matrix material was applied with 34S as an internal standard. The accuracy of the analytical method was verified by ablating pellets of certified reference material ERM-BB422 Fish muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Sajnóg
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Koczorowski
- Clinic of Geriatric Dentistry, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Makuch
- Clinic of Geriatric Dentistry, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences in Poznań, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
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Yu B, Blaesi AH, Casey N, Raykhtsaum G, Zazzeron L, Jones R, Morrese A, Dobrynin D, Malhotra R, Bloch DB, Goldstein LE, Zapol WM. Detection and removal of impurities in nitric oxide generated from air by pulsed electrical discharge. Nitric Oxide 2016; 60:16-23. [PMID: 27592386 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) produces selective pulmonary vasodilation without dilating the systemic circulation. However, the current NO/N2 cylinder delivery system is cumbersome and expensive. We developed a lightweight, portable, and economical device to generate NO from air by pulsed electrical discharge. The objective of this study was to investigate and optimize the purity and safety of NO generated by this device. By using low temperature streamer discharges in the plasma generator, we produced therapeutic levels of NO with very low levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone. Despite the low temperature, spark generation eroded the surface of the electrodes, contaminating the gas stream with metal particles. During prolonged NO generation there was gradual loss of the iridium high-voltage tip (-90 μg/day) and the platinum-nickel ground electrode (-55 μg/day). Metal particles released from the electrodes were trapped by a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter. Quadrupole mass spectroscopy measurements of effluent gas during plasma NO generation showed that a single HEPA filter removed all of the metal particles. Mice were exposed to breathing 50 parts per million of electrically generated NO in air for 28 days with only a scavenger and no HEPA filter; the mice did not develop pulmonary inflammation or structural changes and iridium and platinum particles were not detected in the lungs of these mice. In conclusion, an electric plasma generator produced therapeutic levels of NO from air; scavenging and filtration effectively eliminated metallic impurities from the effluent gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglan Yu
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Aron H Blaesi
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Noel Casey
- Center for Biometals & Metallomics, Boston University School of Medicine, College of Engineering, Photonics Center, and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Luca Zazzeron
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rosemary Jones
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alexander Morrese
- Applied Physics Laboratory, A. J. Drexel Plasma Institute, Drexel University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Danil Dobrynin
- Applied Physics Laboratory, A. J. Drexel Plasma Institute, Drexel University, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiology Division and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lee E Goldstein
- Center for Biometals & Metallomics, Boston University School of Medicine, College of Engineering, Photonics Center, and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Boston University School of Medicine, College of Engineering, Photonics Center, and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Warren M Zapol
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Hu Y, Lin J, Zhang S, Kong L, Fu H, Chen J. Identification of the typical metal particles among haze, fog, and clear episodes in the Beijing atmosphere. Sci Total Environ 2015; 511:369-380. [PMID: 25555257 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
For a better understanding of metal particle morphology and behaviors in China, atmospheric aerosols were sampled in the summer of 2012 in Beijing. The single-particle analysis shows various metal-bearing speciations, dominated by oxides, sulfates and nitrates. A large fraction of particles is soluble. Sources of Fe-bearing particles are mainly steel industries and oil fuel combustion, whereas Zn- and Pb-bearing particles are primarily contributed by waste incineration, besides industrial combustion. Other trace metal particles play a minor rule, and may come from diverse origins. Mineral dust and anthropogenic source like vehicles and construction activities are of less importance to metal-rich particles. Statistics of 1173 analyzed particles show that Fe-rich particles (48.5%) dominate the metal particles, followed by Zn-rich particles (34.9%) and Pb-rich particles (15.6%). Compared with the abundances among clear, haze and fog conditions, a severe metal pollution is identified in haze and fog episodes. Particle composition and elemental correlation suggest that the haze episodes are affected by the biomass burning in the southern regions, and the fog episodes by the local emission with manifold particle speciation. Our results show the heterogeneous reaction accelerated in the fog and haze episodes indicated by more zinc nitrate or zinc sulfate instead of zinc oxide or carbonate. Such information is useful in improving our knowledge of fine airborne metal particles on their morphology, speciation, and solubility, all of which will help the government introduce certain control to alleviate metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analysis Techniques, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Suanqin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lingdong Kong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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