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Karkoula E, Dagla IV, Baira E, Kokras N, Dalla C, Skaltsounis AL, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A. A novel UHPLC-HRMS-based metabolomics strategy enables the discovery of potential neuroactive metabolites in mice plasma, following i.p. administration of the main Crocus sativus L. bioactive component. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 177:112878. [PMID: 31561062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trans-crocin 4 (TC4) is an important carotenoid constituent of saffron showing potential activity against Alzheimer's Disease (AD) due to its antioxidant and antiamyloidogenic properties. Metabolomics is an emerging scientific field that enhances biomarker discovery and reveals underlying biochemical mechanisms aiming towards the early subclinical diagnosis of diseases. To date, there are no reports on the changes induced to mice plasma metabolome after TC4 administration. We report a novel untargeted UHPLC-ESI HRMS metabolomics strategy to determine the alteration of the metabolic fingerprint following i.p. administration of TC4 in male and female mice. Blood samples from fiftysix mice treated with TC4 as well as from control animals were analyzed with UHPLC-ESI HRMS. Statistical evaluation of the results was achieved by multivariate analysis (MVA), i.e., principal component analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) in order to discover the variables that contributed to the discrimination between treated and untreated groups which were identified by online database searching (e.g., Metlin, HMDB, KEGG) aided by chemometric processing, e.g., covariance searching etc. Due to the high variability imposed by various factors, e.g., sex of the animals participating in the study, administration dose and time-points of sacrifice, multilevel sparse PLS-DA analysis, e.g., splitting variation to each individual component, has been employed as a more efficient approach for such designs. This methodology allowed the identification of the time sequence of metabolome changes due to the administration of TC4, whereas a sex-related effect on the metabolome is indicated, denoting that the administration in both sexes is indispensable in order to acquire safe conclusions as reliable metabolome pictures. The results demonstrated a number of annotated metabolites playing a potential role in neuroprotection while they are closely related to AD. Moreover, five additional annotated metabolites were involved in the steroid biosynthesis pathway while two of them may be considered as putative neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Karkoula
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece; GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Department, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Valentini Dagla
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Baira
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kokras
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece; First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Dalla
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Evagelos Gikas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 71 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Pharmacology, 115 27 Athens, Greece; GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, Bioanalytical Department, 145 62 Kifissia, Greece.
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Karkoula E, Lemonakis N, Kokras N, Dalla C, Gikas E, Skaltsounis AL, Tsarbopoulos A. Trans-crocin 4 is not hydrolyzed to crocetin following i.p. administration in mice, while it shows penetration through the blood brain barrier. Fitoterapia 2018; 129:62-72. [PMID: 29920295 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, fit-for-purpose, highly sensitive, analytical UPLC-PDA methodology was developed and fully validated, according to ICH, FDA and EMA guidelines, for the rapid and accurate quantification of trans-crocin 4 (TC4) and crocetin (CRC) in mice plasma and brain after i.p. administration. A PDA based methodology shows a wider applicability as it is cost effective and can be easily and seamlessly adopted by the pharma industry. The separation of the analytes was performed on a C18 Hypersil Gold column with 2.5 min run time, employing the internal standard (ISTD) methodology. The two methods were successfully applied for the determination of CRC and TC4 in mouse plasma and brain after i.p. administration of TC4 (50 mg/kg) in a time range of 0-240 min. Due to the selection of i.p. administration route, the first-pass metabolism and/or gastric hydrolysis were bypassed, a fact that enhanced the bioavailability of TC4. Furthermore, TC4 was found to be capable of crossing the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) and build up levels in the mouse brain, regardless of its highly hydrophilic character. CRC was not detected in any plasma or brain sample, although it has been reported that TC4 quickly hydrolyzes to CRC after p.o. administration. Therefore i.p. administration could be used in the case of TC4 for the accurate determination of its biological role. Overall, the developed methodology offers important information about the bioavailability of TC4 in mouse plasma and for the first time, demonstrates the ability of TC4 to penetrate the BBB and localize inside the brain.
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Saini NK, Suresh PS, Lella M, Bhamidipati RK, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. LC-MS/MS determination of tideglusib, a novel GSK-3β inhibitor in mice plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 148:100-107. [PMID: 28982059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of tideglusib in mice plasma using warfarin as an internal standard (I.S.) as per regulatory guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished through liquid-liquid extraction process. Chromatographic separation was performed on Atlantis dC18 column using mobile phase A (acetonitrile) and B (5mM ammonium acetate in water) in a flow-gradient mode. Elution of tideglusib and the I.S. occurred at ∼2.06 and 1.29min, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 3.2min. A linear response function was established in the concentration range of 20.2-1008ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were in the range of 4.61-12.6 and 6.04-11.8%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Saini
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - P S Suresh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Mahalakhsmi Lella
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Ravi Kanth Bhamidipati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Sriram Rajagopal
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India
| | - Ramesh Mullangi
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd., Industrial Suburb, Yeshwanthpur, Bangalore 560 022, India.
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Kumar R, Suresh PS, Rudresh G, Zainuddin M, Dewang P, Kethiri RR, Rajagopal S, Mullangi R. Determination of ulixertinib in mice plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:140-4. [PMID: 27017572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, specific and rapid LC-ESI-MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of ulixertinib in mice plasma using phenacetin as an internal standard (I.S.) as per regulatory guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished through a protein precipitation procedure with acetonitrile:methanol mixture. Chromatographic separation was performed on Atlantis dC18 column using a binary gradient using mobile phase A (0.2% formic acid in water) and B (acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 0.60mL/min. Elution of ulixertinib and I.S. occurred at ∼1.07 and 1.20min, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 2.5min. A linear response function was established in the concentration range of 1.58-2054ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precisions were in the range of 2.11-11.8 and 5.80-11.4%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
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Han J, Zhang J, Zhao H, Li Y, Chen Z. Simultaneous determination of doxorubicin and its dipeptide prodrug in mice plasma by HPLC with fluorescence detection. J Pharm Anal 2016; 6:199-202. [PMID: 29403982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FD) has been developed for simultaneous quantification of doxorubicin (DOX) and its dipeptide conjugate prodrug (PDOX) in mice plasma. The chromatographic separation was carried out on an Amethyst C18–H column with gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The excitation and emission wavelengths were set at 490 and 550 nm, respectively. The method was comprehensively validated. The limits of detection were low up to 5.0 ng/mL for DOX and 25.0 ng/mL for PDOX. And the limits of quantification were low up to 12.5 ng/mL for DOX and 50 ng/mL for PDOX, which were lower than those for most of the current methods. The calibration curves showed good linearity (R2>0.999) over the concentration ranges. The extraction recoveries ranged from 84.0% to 88.2% for DOX and from 85.4% to 89.2% for PDOX. Satisfactory intra-day and inter-day precisions were achieved with RSDs less than 9.1%. The results show that the developed HPLC–FD method is accurate, reliable and will be helpful for preclinical pharmacokinetic study of DOX and PDOX.
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