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Fernandes TA, Antunes AMM, Caldeira I, Anjos O, de Freitas V, Fargeton L, Boissier B, Catarino S, Canas S. Identification of gallotannins and ellagitannins in aged wine spirits: A new perspective using alternative ageing technology and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2022; 382:132322. [PMID: 35158268 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research was focused on identifying gallotannins and ellagitannins degradation pathways to better understand their behavior in complex media such as wine spirits (WS). A WS was aged with chestnut wood staves with three levels of micro-oxygenation, nitrogen, and using wooden barrels. Gallotannins and ellagitannins were identified by LC-ESI-HRMS/MS using a Q-TOF in samples collected at 8, 21, 60, 180, 270, and 365 days of ageing, allowed comparing their relative abundances according to the ageing technology. It was established for the first time, the importance of oxygen in gallotannins and ellagitannins formation/degradation pathways in WS and shading light into the explanation for the steady increase of gallic and ellagic acid contents on WS during ageing. The results also highlighted the presence of penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, tri-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, di-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, and mono-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose, 2,3-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-β-d-glucose, pedunculagin, isomers vescalagin/castalagin and two products stemming from ethanol-promoted oxidation of castalagin/vescalagin and vescalin/castalin, in the composition WS aged with chestnut wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago A Fernandes
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; DCeT, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Aberta, Rua da Escola Politécnica,141-147, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Alexandra M M Antunes
- CQE, Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Associação do Instituto Superior Técnico para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento (IST-ID), Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ilda Caldeira
- INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta de Almoínha, Pólo de Dois Portos, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; CEF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Victor de Freitas
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laurent Fargeton
- Vivelys, Domaine du Chapître, 34750 Villeneuve-les-Maguelone, France
| | - Benjamin Boissier
- Vivelys, Domaine du Chapître, 34750 Villeneuve-les-Maguelone, France
| | - Sofia Catarino
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; CEFEMA, Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Canas
- INIAV, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Quinta de Almoínha, Pólo de Dois Portos, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; MED, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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Ćurko N, Ganić KK, Tomašević M, Gracin L, Jourdes M, Teissedre PL. Effect of enological treatments on phenolic and sensory characteristics of red wine during aging: Micro-oxygenation, sulfur dioxide, iron with copper and gelatin fining. Food Chem 2020; 339:127848. [PMID: 32871302 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to study long-term impact of micro-oxygenation and/or different aging treatments: (i) high SO2, (ii) high Fe with Cu and (iii) gelatin fining on Plavac mali red wine phenolic and in-mouthfeel sensory development in barrels and furthermore in bottles. Results showed that outcomes of micro-oxygenation strongly depend on aging treatments. High SO2 concentration during aging in barrels and bottles delayed typical phenolic changes and slightly contributed to astringency and lower color intensity, particularly in wine that was not micro-oxygenated. High metal concentrations and gelatin fining promoted intensive polymerization of proanthocyanins and a lower percentage of prodelphinidins after long-term aging in barrels. Also, flavan-3-ol and anthocyanins transformation rates in micro-oxygenated wines of both treatments significantly differed from their controls. Gelatin fining proved to be a very effective treatment for astringency reduction, particularly when combined with micro-oxygenation, but fined wines after long term aging in bottles showed lower color intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natka Ćurko
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karin Kovačević Ganić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marina Tomašević
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Leo Gracin
- University of Split, University Department of Marine Studies, Ulica Ruđera Boškovića 37, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Michael Jourdes
- University of Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Pierre-Louis Teissedre
- University of Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 4577 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France; INRA, ISVV, USC 1366 Œnologie, 210 Chemin de Leysotte, 33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
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3
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Granja-Soares J, Roque R, Cabrita MJ, Anjos O, Belchior AP, Caldeira I, Canas S. Effect of innovative technology using staves and micro-oxygenation on the odorant and sensory profile of aged wine spirit. Food Chem 2020; 333:127450. [PMID: 32663749 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aged wine spirit is a beverage with great aromatic complexity. Their volatile compounds with odorant power coming from the distillate and from the wood used in its ageing, and the interactions that take place in the process, enhanced by oxygen, all contribute to this complexity. Due to time and cost inherent of ageing wine spirits in wooden barrels, research has sought to develop more sustainable alternatives to do it. In this context, the present study compares, the effect of traditional (wooden barrel) and alternative system (stainless steel tank with dipped staves and micro-oxygenation), on the odorant and sensory profile of a wine spirit, using Limousin oak and chestnut wood, after 12 months of ageing. The results suggest that the ageing process is accelerated by the alternative ageing technology and the chestnut wood, and the corresponding wine spirits presented characteristics of greater sensory evolution and strong wood compounds extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Granja-Soares
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Rita Roque
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Ap. 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - M J Cabrita
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute of Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, Ap. 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; Centro de Biotecnologia de plantas da Beira Interior Qta Srª de Mércules Ap. 119, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - A P Belchior
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal
| | - Ilda Caldeira
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute of Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Sara Canas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, INIAV-Dois Portos, Quinta da Almoinha, 2565-191 Dois Portos, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute of Agriculture, Environment and Development, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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Sawatdeenarunat C, Sung S, Khanal SK. Enhanced volatile fatty acids production during anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass via micro-oxygenation. Bioresour Technol 2017; 237:139-145. [PMID: 28216003 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of inoculum type, oxygen (O2) dosage, and incubation time on volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production during anaerobic digestion (AD) of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), a high yielding energy crop. The results showed that anaerobically digested cattle manure (ADCM) as an inoculum generated significantly higher VFAs compared to that of anaerobically digested waste activated sludge (ADWAS) as an inoculum. Additionally, the incubation time of 3days and O2 dosage of 15mL/g volatile solidsadded showed the highest VFAs production when ADCM was used as an inoculum. Moreover, the VFAs production had a quadratic correlation with O2 dosage with R2 of 0.86. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the digested fiber showed rough and crumbled surface structures as opposed to that of the undigested fiber, which was further confirmed by changes in structural composition of the digested fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayanon Sawatdeenarunat
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Shihwu Sung
- College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management (CAFNRM), University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Agricultural Science Building 218, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Oberholster A, Elmendorf BL, Lerno LA, King ES, Heymann H, Brenneman CE, Boulton RB. Barrel maturation, oak alternatives and micro-oxygenation: influence on red wine aging and quality. Food Chem 2014; 173:1250-8. [PMID: 25466151 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of micro-oxygenation (MOX) in conjunction with a variety of oak alternatives on phenolic composition and red wine aging was investigated and compared with traditional barrel aging. Although several studies concluded that MOX give similar results to barrel aging, few have compared them directly and none directly compared MOX with and without wood alternatives and barrel aging. Results confirmed that MOX had a positive effect on colour density, even after 5 months of bottle aging. This is supported by an increase in polymeric phenol and pigment content not only with aging but in the MOX compared to barrel matured wine treatments. Descriptive analysis showed that MOX in combination with wood alternatives such as oak chips and staves could mimic short term (six months) barrel aging in new American and French oak barrels in regards to sensory characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oberholster
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - B L Elmendorf
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L A Lerno
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - E S King
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - H Heymann
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - C E Brenneman
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - R B Boulton
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Rodriguez-Mendez ML, Apetrei C, Gay M, Medina-Plaza C, de Saja JA, Vidal S, Aagaard O, Ugliano M, Wirth J, Cheynier V. Evaluation of oxygen exposure levels and polyphenolic content of red wines using an electronic panel formed by an electronic nose and an electronic tongue. Food Chem 2014; 155:91-7. [PMID: 24594159 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An electronic panel formed by an electronic nose and an electronic tongue has been used to analyse red wines showing high and low phenolic contents, obtained by flash release and traditional soaking, respectively, and processed with or without micro-oxygenation. Four oxygen transfer rate conditions (0.8, 1.9, 8.0, and 11.9 μl oxygen/bottle/day) were ensured by using synthetic closures with controlled oxygen permeability and storage under controlled atmosphere. Twenty-five chemical parameters associated with the polyphenolic composition, the colour indices and the levels of oxygen were measured in triplicate and correlated with the signals registered (seven replicas) by means of the electronic nose and the electronic tongue using partial least squares regression analysis. The electronic nose and the electronic tongue showed particularly good correlations with those parameters associated with the oxygen levels and, in particular, with the influence of the porosity of the closure to oxygen exposure. In turn, the electronic tongue was particularly sensitive to redox species including oxygen and phenolic compounds. It has been demonstrated that a combined system formed from the electronic nose and the electronic tongue provides information about the chemical composition of both the gas and the liquid phase of red wines. This complementary information improves the capacity to predict values of oxygen-related parameters, phenolic content and colour parameters.
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Pizarro C, Rodríguez-Tecedor S, Esteban-Díez I, Pérez-del-Notario N, González-Sáiz JM. Experimental design approach to evaluate the impact of oak chips and micro-oxygenation on the volatile profile of red wines. Food Chem 2013; 148:357-66. [PMID: 24262569 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A chemometric strategy based on combining an experimental design approach and response surface methodology was applied to gain further knowledge on the influence of chip maceration and micro-oxygenation related factors (oxygen doses, chip doses, wood origin, toasting degree and maceration time) on the volatile profile of red wines during the accelerated ageing process. The results obtained indicated that the volatile profile of wines could be modulated by applying different combinations of factor conditions. Thus, these results would be used to obtain wines with specific volatile profiles that would lead to particular olfactory attributes according to consumers' preferences. Moreover, it was shown that combining wood from different origins helped enhance the quality of the elaborated wines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that an experimental design methodology has been applied to simultaneously evaluate the influence of five different ageing parameters on the volatile profile of red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pizarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of La Rioja, C/Madre de Dios 51, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
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Prieto N, Gay M, Vidal S, Aagaard O, de Saja JA, Rodriguez-Mendez ML. Analysis of the influence of the type of closure in the organoleptic characteristics of a red wine by using an electronic panel. Food Chem 2011; 129:589-594. [PMID: 30634272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An electronic panel formed by an electronic nose, an electronic tongue and an electronic eye has been successfully used to evaluate the organoleptic characteristics of red wines vinified using different extraction techniques and micro-oxygenation methods and bottled using closures of different oxygen transmission rates (OTR). The three systems have demonstrated a good capability of discrimination by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) has permitted to establish prediction models based on the type of closure, the polyphenol content or the effect of micro-oxygenation. The best correlations found using the e-eye and the e-nose are related to the OTR of the closure. In contrast, the electronic tongue is more sensitive to the polyphenol content. The discrimination and prediction capabilities of the system are significantly improved when signals from each module are combined. The electronic panel can be a useful tool for the characterisation and control of oxygen and antioxidant capability of red wines.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prieto
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Gay
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Escuela de Ingenierías Industriales, University of Valladolid, Paseo del Cauce, 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Unidad Asociada Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Spain
| | - S Vidal
- Nomacorc, ZI Les Plénesses, 7 Chemin de Xhénorie, 4890 Thimister Clermont, Belgium
| | - O Aagaard
- Nomacorc, ZI Les Plénesses, 7 Chemin de Xhénorie, 4890 Thimister Clermont, Belgium
| | - J A de Saja
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Unidad Asociada Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Spain
| | - M L Rodriguez-Mendez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain; Unidad Asociada Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, Spain.
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