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Silva JPD, Veloso TGR, Costa MD, Souza JJLLD, Soares EMB, Gomes LC, Schaefer CEGR. Microbial successional pattern along a glacier retreat gradient from Byers Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica. Environ Res 2024; 241:117548. [PMID: 37939803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The retreat of glaciers in Antarctica has increased in the last decades due to global climate change, influencing vegetation expansion, and soil physico-chemical and biological attributes. However, little is known about soil microbiology diversity in these periglacial landscapes. This study characterized and compared bacterial and fungal diversity using metabarcoding of soil samples from the Byers Peninsula, Maritime Antarctica. We identified bacterial and fungal communities by amplification of bacterial 16 S rRNA region V3-V4 and fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). We also applied 14C dating on soil organic matter (SOM) from six profiles. Physico-chemical analyses and attributes associated with SOM were evaluated. A total of 14,048 bacterial ASVs were obtained, and almost all samples had 50% of their sequences assigned to Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria. Regarding the fungal community, Mortierellomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main phyla from 1619 ASVs. We found that soil age was more relevant than the distance from the glacier, with the oldest soil profile (late Holocene soil profile) hosting the highest bacterial and fungal diversity. The microbial indices of the fungal community were correlated with nutrient availability, soil reactivity and SOM composition, whereas the bacterial community was not correlated with any soil attribute. The bacterial diversity, richness, and evenness varied according to presence of permafrost and moisture regime. The fungal community richness in the surface horizon was not related to altitude, permafrost, or moisture regime. The soil moisture regime was crucial for the structure, high diversity and richness of the microbial community, specially to the bacterial community. Further studies should examine the relationship between microbial communities and environmental factors to better predict changes in this terrestrial ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jônatas Pedro da Silva
- Graduate Program in Soils and Plant Nutrition, Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Maurício Dutra Costa
- Microbiology Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Bolsista Pesquisador Do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José João Lelis Leal de Souza
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Bolsista Pesquisador Do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Ernesto G R Schaefer
- Soil Science Department, Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Bolsista Pesquisador Do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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