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Takai Y, Tokusumi H, Sato M, Inoue D, Chen K, Takamura T, Enoki S, Ueno Y, Kang IJ, Shimasaki Y, Qiu X, Oshima Y. Combined effect of diazepam and polystyrene microplastics on the social behavior of medaka (Oryzias latipes). Chemosphere 2022; 299:134403. [PMID: 35341767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of microplastics and pharmaceuticals on aquatic organisms is an issue of concern. In this laboratory study, we evaluated the combined effect of polystyrene microplastics (2-μm diameter) and diazepam on the social behavior of medaka (Oryzias latipes) by using the shoaling behavior test with five treatment groups: solvent control, polystyrene microplastics exposure (0.04 mg/L), low-concentration diazepam exposure (0.03 mg/L), high-concentration diazepam exposure (0.3 mg/L), and polystyrene microplastics and low-concentration diazepam co-exposure. After 7 days of exposure, the shoal-leaving behavior of the high-concentration diazepam exposure group (8.9 ± 8.3 counts/medaka) and the co-exposure group (6.8 ± 6.7 counts/medaka) was significantly greater than that in the solvent control group (1.8 ± 2.6 counts/medaka). Even after 5 days of recovery, medaka in the co-exposure group left the shoal more often (7.3 ± 5.0 counts/medaka) than those in the solvent control group (2.6 ± 2.6 counts/medaka), whereas the shoal-leaving behavior in other exposure groups, except for the high-concentration diazepam exposure group, was restored. Our findings show that the combined effects of diazepam and polystyrene microplastics suppressed medaka social behavior, suggesting that the presence of microplastics can enhance the adverse effects of pollutants on the social behavior of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takai
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tokusumi
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Moeko Sato
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Takumi Takamura
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shintaro Enoki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Ueno
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ik Joon Kang
- School of Interdisciplinary Science and Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Scopetani C, Chelazzi D, Martellini T, Pellinen J, Ugolini A, Sarti C, Cincinelli A. Occurrence and characterization of microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in the Migliarino San Rossore, Massaciuccoli Nature Park (Italy). Mar Pollut Bull 2021; 171:112712. [PMID: 34246930 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics pollution is progressively threatening natural parks across the world. In the framework of monitoring this concerning trend, the present study focuses on the occurrence and identification of mesoplastics (MEPs) and microplastics (MPs) in sand samples collected before and after the summer season from the beach of the Nature Park of Migliarino San Rossore Massaciuccoli (Pisa, Italy). Meso- and microplastics were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy 2D Imaging, and detected in all samples with average concentrations of 207 ± 30 MPs/kg d.w., and 100 ± 44 MEPs/kg d.w., respectively. Seasonal changes of flow of the Arno River, industrial activities, and urban footprint were considered as the major sources of plastic pollution. Our results showed the occurrence of both natural and synthetic polymers including cellulose, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polyethylene terephthalate, and acrylonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Scopetani
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland.
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Tania Martellini
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Jukka Pellinen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, FI-15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Alberto Ugolini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Romana 17, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Sarti
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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Scopetani C, Chelazzi D, Mikola J, Leiniö V, Heikkinen R, Cincinelli A, Pellinen J. Olive oil-based method for the extraction, quantification and identification of microplastics in soil and compost samples. Sci Total Environ 2020; 733:139338. [PMID: 32446078 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become a pressing environmental concern over the past few years and their extraction from solid samples is a scientific challenge that needs to be faced and solved. Standardized and validated protocols for MPs extraction are lacking and the existing methodology, such as density separation, is often unable to separate high density polymers. The aim of our research was to develop a non-density based, inexpensive, simple and safe method to extract MPs from soil and compost samples. We tested an oil-based extracting technique exploiting the oleophilic properties of plastics. For validating the method, soil and compost samples were spiked with six different micro-polymers: polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate and polyurethane. The obtained results are promising, and the polymer density had only a small role in the recovery rate: low, medium and high density polymers reached a mean recovery rate of 90% ±2%, 97% ± 5% and 95% ± 4%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Scopetani
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland.
| | - David Chelazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Juha Mikola
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
| | - Ville Leiniö
- Muovipoli Oy, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
| | - Reijo Heikkinen
- LAB University of Applied Science, Mukkulankatu 19, Lahti 15210, Finland
| | - Alessandra Cincinelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, and Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase (CSGI), 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Jukka Pellinen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, Lahti FI-15140, Finland
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