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Pena-Pereira F, Bendicho C, Pavlović DM, Martín-Esteban A, Díaz-Álvarez M, Pan Y, Cooper J, Yang Z, Safarik I, Pospiskova K, Segundo MA, Psillakis E. Miniaturized analytical methods for determination of environmental contaminants of emerging concern - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1158:238108. [PMID: 33863416 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The determination of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in environmental samples has become a challenging and critical issue. The present work focuses on miniaturized analytical strategies reported in the literature for the determination of CECs. The first part of the review provides brief overview of CECs whose monitoring in environmental samples is of particular significance, namely personal care products, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, UV-filters, newly registered pesticides, illicit drugs, disinfection by-products, surfactants, high technology rare earth elements, and engineered nanomaterials. Besides, an overview of downsized sample preparation approaches reported in the literature for the determination of CECs in environmental samples is provided. Particularly, analytical methodologies involving microextraction approaches used for the enrichment of CECs are discussed. Both solid phase- and liquid phase-based microextraction techniques are highlighted devoting special attention to recently reported approaches. Special emphasis is placed on newly developed materials used for extraction purposes in microextraction techniques. In addition, recent contributions involving miniaturized analytical flow techniques for the determination of CECs are discussed. Besides, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of point of need and portable devices have been identified and critically compared with chromatographic methods coupled to mass chromatography. Finally, challenging aspects regarding miniaturized analytical methods for determination of CECs are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pena-Pereira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Bendicho
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Martín-Esteban
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, E-28040, Spain
| | - Myriam Díaz-Álvarez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, E-28040, Spain
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Cooper
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kristyna Pospiskova
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elefteria Psillakis
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnioupolis, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
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Dong B, Hadinoto K. Direct comparison between millifluidic and bulk-mixing platform in the synthesis of amorphous drug-polysaccharide nanoparticle complex. Int J Pharm 2017; 523:42-51. [PMID: 28323097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous drug-polysaccharide nanoparticle complex (or drug nanoplex) had emerged as an ideal supersaturating delivery system of poorly-soluble drugs attributed to its many attractive characteristics. Herein we presented for the first time direct comparison between two nanoplex synthesis platforms, i.e. millifluidics and bulk mixing, representing continuous and batch production modes, respectively. They were compared by the resultant nanoplex's (1) physical characteristics (size, zeta potential, and payload), (2) preparation efficiency, (3) storage stability, (4) dissolution rate/supersaturation generation, and (5) production consistency. The effects of key variables in drug-polysaccharide complexation (pH, charge ratio) were investigated in both platforms. Perphenazine and dextran sulfate were used as the drug and polysaccharide models, respectively. The results showed that both platforms shared similar dependences on pH and charge ratio with similar optimal preparation conditions, where the pH was the governing variable through its influence on size and zeta potential, Nanoplexes having mostly similar characteristics (size ≈70-90nm, zeta potential ≈-50mV) were produced by both platforms, except for the payload where bulk mixing resulted in lower payload (65% versus 85%). The lower payload, however, resulted in its superior supersaturation generation. Nevertheless, millifluidics was favored attributed to its superior production consistency and scalability.
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Nguyen LT, Seow N, Yang KL. Hollow cross-linked enzyme aggregates (h-CLEA) of laccase with high uniformity and activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 151:88-94. [PMID: 27987459 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hollow cross-linked enzyme aggregates of laccase (h-CLEA laccase) can be prepared by employing a millifluidic reactor carrying two coaxial laminar flows. In a confluence zone where acetonitrile and an aqueous solution of laccase meet, diffusion of acetonitrile into the aqueous solution gives rise to rapid precipitation of laccase aggregates at the water/acetonitrile interface, as is evidenced by fluorescence images. By controlling the flow rates carefully in the laminar flow regions, h-CLEA laccase around 220±10nm can be obtained, and the size of the h-CLEA laccase increases with increasing flow rates of both solutions. The h-CLEA laccase particles are distinctly different from CLEA laccase prepared in batch processes. The former only consist a crust of cross-linked enzymes (with a hollow core) whereas the latter has a highly porous structure. When the h-CLEA laccase is used as biocatalysts, their activity (0.26U/mg) is comparable to that of free enzymes at neutral pH due to the hollow structure. Moreover, the activity of h-CLEA laccase is higher than that of free laccase at high pH. For example, trypan blue (a dye molecule) can be decolorized completely in the presence of h-CLEA laccase within 270min even at pH 10.0, at which the free enzyme completely loses its activity. Because of their uniform sizes, h-CLEA laccase can be trapped in a membrane for continuous degradation of trypan blue up to 96h without losing any activity. This study shows the superiority of h-CLEA laccase compared to other types of immobilized enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Truc Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Nianjia Seow
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore
| | - Kun-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, 117576, Singapore.
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Krishna KS, Li Y, Li S, Kumar CS. Lab-on-a-chip synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials and quantum dots for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1470-95. [PMID: 23726944 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen a dramatic raise in the number of investigations leading to the development of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices for synthesis of nanomaterials. A majority of these investigations were focused on inorganic nanomaterials comprising of metals, metal oxides, nanocomposites and quantum dots. Herein, we provide an analysis of these findings, especially, considering the more recent developments in this new decade. We made an attempt to bring out the differences between chip-based as well as tubular continuous flow systems. We also cover, for the first time, various opportunities the tools from the field of computational fluid dynamics provide in designing LOC systems for synthesis inorganic nanomaterials. Particularly, we provide unique examples to demonstrate that there is a need for concerted effort to utilize LOC devices not only for synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials but also for carrying out superior in vitro studies thereby, paving the way for faster clinical translation. Even though LOC devices with the possibility to carry out multi-step syntheses have been designed, surprisingly, such systems have not been utilized for carrying out simultaneous synthesis and bio-functionalization of nanomaterials. While traditionally, LOC devices are primarily based on microfluidic systems, in this review article, we make a case for utilizing millifluidic systems for more efficient synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro studies of inorganic nanomaterials tailor-made for biomedical applications. Finally, recent advances in the field clearly point out the possibility for pushing the boundaries of current medical practices towards personalized health care with a vision to develop automated LOC-based instrumentation for carrying out simultaneous synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro evaluation of inorganic nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
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