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Erikel E, Yüzbaşıoğlu D, Ünal F. A study on Amygdalin's Genotoxicological Safety and Modulatory Activity in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes in vitro. Environ Mol Mutagen 2023. [PMID: 37161892 DOI: 10.1002/em.22543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Amygdalin (AMY), a plant secondary metabolite containing nitrile, is a major component of the seeds of Rosaceae family plants. It is known that this compound has many pharmacological activities such as cancer prevention, antipyretic, and cough suppressant. In this study, the genotoxic and modulatory effects of amygdalin were assessed by chromosomal aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay (CBMN) assays using human peripheral lymphocytes (HPLs) in the absence and presence of metabolic activator (S9 mix). Lymphocytes were exposed to various concentrations of amygdalin (0.86, 1.72, 3.43, 6.86, and 13.75 μg/mL) alone and in combination with mitomycin-C (MMC, 0.20 μg/mL) or cyclophosphamide (CP, 12 μg/mL). The mitotic index (MI), replication index (RI), cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI), and cytostasis were also evaluated to determine cytotoxicity. Amygdalin alone did not exhibit genotoxic and cytotoxic effects at all the tested concentrations both in the absence and presence of the S9 mix. In contrast, amygdalin significantly reduced the frequencies of CA (especially at 48 h treatments), SCE, and MN (except 0.86 μg/mL in pre- and simultaneous treatment) induced by MMC in all the tested concentrations and treatment protocols. It has also considerably decreased CP-induced CA and SCE frequencies at all the concentrations (except 0.86 μg/mL) in simultaneous treatment. This study demonstrated that amygdalin alone was not genotoxic, on the contrary, it has revealed modulatory effects against chemotherapy agents that induced genomic damage in human lymphocytes, suggesting its chemopreventive potential. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Erikel
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ünal
- Genetic Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zhang H, Jiang F, Zhang J, Wang W, Li L, Yan J. Modulatory effects of polysaccharides from plants, marine algae and edible mushrooms on gut microbiota and related health benefits: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:169-192. [PMID: 35122806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring carbohydrate polymers containing non-starch polysaccharides (NPs) are a class of biomacromolecules isolated from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms, and their biological activities has shown potential uses in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Importantly, NPs serve as prebiotics to provide health benefits to the host through stimulating the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The composition and diversity of GM play a critical role in regulating host health and have been extensively studied in recent years. In this review, the extraction, isolation, purification, and structural characterization of NPs derived from plants, marine algae, and edible mushrooms are outlined. Importantly, the degradation and metabolism of these NPs in the intestinal tract, the effects of NPs on the microbial community and SCFAs generation, and the beneficial effects of NPs on host health by modulating GM are systematically highlighted. Overall, we hope that this review can provide some theoretical references and a new perspective for applications of NPs as prebiotics in functional food and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China.
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jingkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Food Development and Nutrition Regulation of China National Light Industry, School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China.
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Song D, Ho CT, Zhang X, Wu Z, Cao J. Modulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids on the intestinal microbiota and liver clock genes of circadian rhythm disorder mice model. Food Res Int 2020; 138:109769. [PMID: 33292949 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Host circadian rhythm and gut microbiota have a bidirectional relationship, indicating that prebiotics or prebiotic-like substance is a possible way to regulate circadian rhythm. The modulatory effect of Cyclocarya paliurus flavonoids (CPF) on the intestinal microbiota and liver clock genes of a circadian rhythm disorder mouse model was investigated in the present study. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis showed that CPF ameliorated the imbalanced intestinal microbial structure induced by circadian rhythm disorder. Compared with the constant darkness (CD) group, the ratio of the relative abundance of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased after the intervention of CPF for 4 weeks. In addition, CPF significantly alleviated the disrupted diurnal oscillation and phase shift of the specific intestinal microbes and liver clock genes induced by constant darkness. Moreover, metagenomics analysis of gut microbiota showed that the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enriched the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after CPF administration includes xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and cell motility. The results suggested that CPF may positively regulate the gut flora disturbed by host circadian rhythm disorder, including its composition, diurnal oscillation and function, as well as affect the expression of liver clock genes, thus improving the host micro-ecology and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zufang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Sun H, Chen Y, Cheng M, Zhang X, Zheng X, Zhang Z. The modulatory effect of polyphenols from green tea, oolong tea and black tea on human intestinal microbiota in vitro. J Food Sci Technol 2017; 55:399-407. [PMID: 29358833 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, polyphenols from green tea (GTP), oolong tea (OTP) and black tea (BTP) were prepared by extraction with hot water and polyamide column chromatography. In antioxidant assay in vitro, each tea polyphenols exhibited potential activity; the intestinal absorption of GTP, OTP and BTP was investigated individually by Caco-2 transwell system, and each sample was poorly transported, illustrating a low transport rate for tea polyphenols through cell monolayers. The effects of GTP, OTP and BTP on human intestinal microbiota were also evaluated, and each sample induced the proliferation of certain beneficial bacteria and inhibited Bacteroides-Prevotella and Clostridium histolyticum. Moreover, the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced in cultures with tea polyphenols were relatively higher. Together, these results suggested GTP, OTP and BTP may modulate the intestinal flora and generate SCFA, and contribute to the improvements of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Sun
- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- 1Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Cheng
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- 2Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Zheng
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zhang
- 3Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325006 People's Republic of China
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Cheng M, Zhang X, Miao Y, Cao J, Wu Z, Weng P. The modulatory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) on intestinal microbiota of high fat diet-induced obesity mice model. Food Res Int 2017; 92:9-16. [PMID: 28290302 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate (EGCG3″Me) has exhibited multiple beneficial effects on the prevention of obesity in oolong tea. However, its absorption is relatively low, and the potential to be fully utilized is not completely elucidated. Therefore, with human flora-associated (HFA) mice model, the effect of EGCG3″Me on high fat diet-induced obesity was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The shifts in relative abundance of the dominant taxa at the phylum, family and genus levels showed the dramatically effects of EGCG3″Me. Despite significant inter-individual variation, a large increase in Bacteroidetes with concomitant decrease of Firmicutes was observed after the administration of EGCG3″Me for 8weeks, with a corresponding decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which reflect the modulatory effect of EGCG3″Me on intestinal microbiota. The results showed that EGCG3″Me may have prebiotic-like activity and can be used as a functional food component with potential therapeutic utility in manipulating intestinal microbiota, contributing to the prevention of gut dysbiosis.
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Orsolin PC, Silva-Oliveira RG, Nepomuceno JC. Modulating effect of synthetic statins against damage induced by doxorubicin in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 81:111-119. [PMID: 25846503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, popularly known as statins, exert pleiotropic effects, which result from the ability of statins to inhibit the synthesis of isoprenoids, which are fundamental for the functioning of proteins responsible for intracellular signaling. Some recent studies suggest an important role associated with the use of antineoplastic atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, the statins most widely used today. In this study, the Drosophila wing spot test was used to evaluate possible protective effects of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin against damage induced by DXR. Larvae were chronically treated with negative control (ethanol 5%), positive control (DXR 0.125 mg/mL) and five different concentrations of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. The results demonstrated absence of a mutagenic effect for the two statins tested. The analysis of the descendants co-treated with DXR and atorvastatin/rosuvastatin revealed a modulatory effect of these statins on damage induced by DXR. This effect was verified in all concentrations tested in the descendants of the ST and HB crosses treated with rosuvastatin, and only in descendants of the HB cross treated with atorvastatin. Induction of apoptosis and antioxidant activity appear to be the main mechanisms involved in reducing the frequency of mutant spots and consequent modulation of the damage induced by DXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Orsolin
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R G Silva-Oliveira
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - J C Nepomuceno
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Bloco 2E, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Citogenética e Mutagênese, Centro Universitário de Patos de Minas, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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