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Liu S, Liu Y, Chen B, Lu X, Jiang D, Geng L, Wang X, Peng K, Du C, Ren T, Yang X. The complete mitochondrial genome of Morishitium polonicum (Trematoda, Cyclocoelidae) and its phylogenetic implications. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2609-2620. [PMID: 37688591 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Trematodes can adversely impact the health and survival of wild animals. The trematode family Cyclocoelidae, which includes large digenean bird parasites, lacks molecular analysis, and reclassifications have not been supported. This study produced the first fully assembled and annotated mitochondrial genome sequence for the trematode Morishitium polonicum. The whole length of the M. polonicum (GenBank accession number: OP930879) mitogenome is 14083 bp, containing 22 transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs, rrnL and rrnS), and a noncoding control section (D-loop) 13777 to 13854 bp in length. The 12 PCG areas have 3269 codons and a total length of 10053 bp, which makes up 71.38% of the mitochondrial genome's overall sequence. Most (10/12) of the PCGs that code for proteins begin with ATG, while the nad4L and nad1 genes have a GTG start codon. Phylogenetic analysis using the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 12 PCGs, and the ML tree analysis results showed that M. polonicum is more closely related to with Echinostomatidae and Fasciolidae, which indicates that the family Cyclocoelidae is more closely associated with Echinochasmidae. This study provides mtDNA information, and analysis of mitogenomic structure and evolution. Moreover, we aimed to understand the phylogenetic relationships of this fluke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafang Liu
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Lu
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Ling Geng
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kexin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Chunhong Du
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Tianguang Ren
- Nursing College, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- Integrated Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, College of Preclinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, 671000, People's Republic of China.
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Galosi L, Heneberg P, Rossi G, Sitko J, Magi GE, Perrucci S. Air sac trematodes: Morishitium polonicum as a newly identified cause of death in the common blackbird ( Turdus merula). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 9:74-79. [PMID: 31011529 PMCID: PMC6463545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Necropsy of two free-ranging common blackbirds (Turdus merula) found dead in central Italy revealed the presence of a high number of cyclocoelid flukes in the coelomatic cavity. Cyclocoelid flukes primarily infect avian respiratory system. Histologically, air sac walls were covered with a fibrinous exudate containing degenerate heterophils, many trematodes and some colonies of Gram-positive cocci. The superficial bronchi and parabronchi were markedly distended, and the adjacent pulmonary parenchyma was congested and collapsed. Trematodes, surrounded by a mild suppurative to pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction, were also observed on the pericardial, intestinal, kidney and hepatic serosal surfaces. The death of the two examined birds was likely due to the high parasite load and associated severe lesions. At parasitological examination, flukes showed a tongue-shaped elongate body, tapered anteriorly and rounded posteriorly, of 2,088-2,314 μm in width and 8,268-11,830 μm in length. The mouth was slightly oval and sub-terminal, with a small oral sucker. The oval pharynx measured 250-309 μm, and the two caeca joined posteriorly. Two large (550-702 μm × 450-520 μm) globular testes were situated obliquely to each other, whereas an oval (250 × 300 μm in mean) or round (about 334 μm in diameter) intertesticular ovary was placed in a longitudinal straight line with the testes. The ootype was about 110 μm in diameter, while the brown-yellow eggs measured 131.5 × 73.9 μm in mean. The genital pore was post-pharyngeal, while the symmetrically arranged vitelline glands were not confluent posteriorly. Morphoflogical diagnosis led to the identification of Morishitium polonicum, a cyclocoelid fluke species that typically inhabits the air sacs of blackbirds. The morphological diagnosis was corroborated by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci. The present study provides the first report of pathological lesions and death caused by M. polonicum in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Galosi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, Matelica (MC), University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giacomo Rossi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, Matelica (MC), University of Camerino, Italy
| | - Jilji Sitko
- Comenius Museum, Moravian Ornithological Station, Přerov, Czech Republic
| | - Gian Enrico Magi
- School of Biosciences & Veterinary Medicine, Matelica (MC), University of Camerino, Italy
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