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Azrak ZAT, Taha MS, Jagal J, Elsherbeny A, Bayraktutan H, AbouGhaly MHH, Elshafeey AH, Greish K, Haider M. Optimized mucoadhesive niosomal carriers for intranasal delivery of carvedilol: A quality by design approach. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123935. [PMID: 38395319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Carvedilol (CV), a β-blocker essential for treating cardiovascular diseases, faces bioavailability challenges due to poor water solubility and first-pass metabolism. This study developed and optimized chitosan (CS)-coated niosomes loaded with CV (CS/CV-NS) for intranasal (IN) delivery, aiming to enhance systemic bioavailability. Utilizing a Quality-by-Design (QbD) approach, the study investigated the effects of formulation variables, such as surfactant type, surfactant-to-cholesterol (CHOL) ratio, and CS concentration, on CS/CV-NS properties. The focus was to optimize specific characteristics including particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), entrapment efficiency (EE%), and mucin binding efficiency (MBE%). The optimal formulation (Opt CS/CV-NS), achieved with a surfactant: CHOL ratio of 0.918 and a CS concentration of 0.062 g/100 mL, using Span 60 as the surfactant, exhibited a PS of 305 nm, PDI of 0.36, ZP of + 33 mV, EE% of 63 %, and MBE% of 57 %. Opt CS/CV-NS was characterized for its morphological and physicochemical properties, evaluated for stability under different storage conditions, and assessed for in vitro drug release profile. Opt CS/CV-NS demonstrated a 1.7-fold and 4.8-fold increase in in vitro CV release after 24 h, compared to uncoated CV-loaded niosomes (Opt CV-NS) and free CV, respectively. In vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) study, using a rat model, demonstrated that Opt CS/CV-NS achieved faster Tmax and higher Cmax compared to free CV suspension indicating enhanced absorption rate. Additionally, Opt CV-NS showed a 1.68-fold higher bioavailability compared to the control. These results underscore the potential of niosomal formulations in enhancing IN delivery of CV, offering an effective strategy for improving drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zein A T Azrak
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maie S Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jayalakshmi Jagal
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr Elsherbeny
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Hulya Bayraktutan
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed H H AbouGhaly
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Elshafeey
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain
| | - Mohamed Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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