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Li J, Kong D, Ke Y, Zeng W, Miki D. Application of multiple sgRNAs boosts efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting in Arabidopsis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:6. [PMID: 38233866 PMCID: PMC10795408 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Precise gene targeting (GT) is a powerful tool for heritable precision genome engineering, enabling knock-in or replacement of the endogenous sequence via homologous recombination. We recently established a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated approach for heritable GT in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) and rice and reported that the double-strand breaks (DSBs) frequency of Cas9 influences the GT efficiency. However, the relationship between DSBs and GT at the same locus was not examined. Furthermore, it has never been investigated whether an increase in the number of copies of sgRNAs or the use of multiple sgRNAs would improve the efficiency of GT. RESULTS Here, we achieved precise GT at endogenous loci Embryo Defective 2410 (EMB2410) and Repressor of Silencing 1 (ROS1) using the sequential transformation strategy and the combination of sgRNAs. We show that increasing of sgRNAs copy number elevates both DSBs and GT efficiency. On the other hand, application of multiple sgRNAs does not always enhance GT efficiency. Our results also suggested that some inefficient sgRNAs would play a role as a helper to facilitate other sgRNAs DSBs activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study clearly show that DSB efficiency, rather than mutation pattern, is one of the most important key factors determining GT efficiency. This study provides new insights into the relationship between sgRNAs, DSBs, and GTs and the molecular mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GTs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dali Kong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongping Ke
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Zeng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daisuke Miki
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Yuan T, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Zhang T, Lu R, Zhou M, Lu Y, Yan K, Chen Y, Hu Z, Liang J, Fan J, Cheng Y. Generation of hyperlipidemic rabbit models using multiple sgRNAs targeted CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:69. [PMID: 30885208 PMCID: PMC6421715 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To generate novel rabbit models with a large-fragment deletion of either LDL receptor (LDLR) and/or apolipoprotein (apoE) genes for the study of hyperlipidemic and atherosclerosis. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 system directed by a multiple sgRNAs system was used in rabbit embryos to edit their LDLR and apoE genes. The LDLR and apoE genes of founder rabbits were sequenced, and their plasma lipids and lipoprotein profiles on a normal chow diet were analyzed, western blotting was also performed to evaluate the expression of apolipoprotein. Sudan IV and HE staining of aortic were performed to confirm the formation of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Six knockout (KO) rabbits by injection of both LDLR and apoE sgRNAs were obtained, including four LDLR KO rabbits and two LDLR/apoE double- KO rabbits. Sequence analysis of these KO rabbits revealed that they contained multiple mutations including indels, deletions, and substitutions, as well as two rabbit lines containing biallelic large fragment deletion in the LDLR region. Analysis of their plasma lipids and lipoprotein profiles of these rabbits fed on a normal chow diet revealed that all of these KO rabbits exhibited remarkable hyperlipidemia with total cholesterol levels increased by up to 10-fold over those of wild-type rabbits. Pathological examinations of two founder rabbits showed that KO rabbits developed prominent aortic and coronary atherosclerosis. CONCLUSION Large fragment deletions can be achieved in rabbits using Cas9 mRNA and multiple sgRNAs. LDLR KO along with LDLR/apoE double KO rabbits should provide a novel means for translational investigations of human hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yuan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yingge Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Rui Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Minya Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Kunning Yan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Zhehui Hu
- Beijing hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for prevention and treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Yong Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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