1
|
Mirifar A, Luan M, Ehrlenspiel F. Effects of unilateral dynamic handgrip on reaction time and error rate. Cogn Process 2022. [PMID: 35142949 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-022-01080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Quick and accurate reactions to environmental stimuli are often required. Researchers have investigated ways to improve these reactions, which are critical components of perceptual-motor abilities. To optimize individual performance, different techniques, such as embodied interventions and brain stimulation, have been examined. The evidence from EEG studies shows that upper limb muscle contractions lead to changes in brain oscillations associated with changes in mental states and behavioral outcomes. Much research has been conducted on whether muscle contractions of a particular hand have a greater effect on a perceptual-motor ability, as a trigger to facilitate cortical processes (a mediator) for skilled motor performance. While previous studies have shown that left- (vs. right-) hand contractions can lead to greater alpha activation, we hypothesized that left dynamic handgrips have different impacts on motor performance, reflected by simple RT (SRT) and choice RT (CRT). We recruited 64 right-handers, for a within/between-subjects experiment consisting of performance measurements in SRT and CRT tasks after the intervention (either right or left dynamic handgrip approximately twice a second for 30 s for each hand) or assignment to paired passive control groups. We did not find left-hand contractions improve response accuracy in neither SRT nor CRT tasks. Further, left-hand contractions did not affect RTs. The findings indicate that the effects of dynamic handgrips are smaller on behavioral outcomes such as RTs than what can be inferred from published studies. More research is needed to establish the effect of dynamic handgrips on optimizing performance.
Collapse
|
2
|
Green S, Kiely C, O'Connor E, Gildea N, O'Shea D, Egaña M. Differential effects of sex on adaptive responses of skeletal muscle vasodilation to exercise training in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108098. [PMID: 34887186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS We tested the hypotheses that exercise training improves the peak and dynamic responses of leg vascular conductance (LVC) in males and females with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS Forty-one males and females with T2DM were assigned to two training groups and two control groups. Twelve weeks of aerobic/resistance training was performed three times per week, 60-90 min per session. Responses of calf muscle blood flow and systemic arterial pressure during incremental and constant-load (30% maximal voluntary contraction) intermittent plantar-flexion protocols in the supine position were recorded. RESULTS Training significantly increased peak LVC in males (4.86 ± 1.88 to 6.06 ± 2.06 ml·min-1·mm Hg-1) and females (3.91 ± 1.13 to 5.40 ± 1.38 ml·min-1·mm Hg-1) with no changes in control groups. For dynamic responses, training significantly increased the amplitude of the fast growth phase of LVC (1.81 ± 1.12 to 2.68 ± 1.01 ml·min-1·mm Hg-1) and decreased the time constant of the slow growth phase (43.6 ± 46.4 s to 16.1 14.0 s) in females, but no improvements were observed in control females or in any of the two male groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that training increases the peak vasodilatory response in males and females, whereas the speed of the dynamic response of vasodilation is improved in females but not males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Green
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Kiely
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eamonn O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Norita Gildea
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Donal O'Shea
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Columcille's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mikel Egaña
- School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mirifar A, Cross-Villasana F, Beckmann J, Ehrlenspiel F. Effects of the unilateral dynamic handgrip on resting cortical activity levels: A replication and extension. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 156:40-48. [PMID: 32702385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have linked unilateral hand contractions to subsequent changes in hemispheric asymmetric activity, as reflected in the electroencephalographic alpha (8-12 Hz) range in each hemisphere. However, debate continues regarding the state of asymmetry induced by unilateral contractions. We have previously found a bilateral enhancement of alpha amplitude that occurs after contractions, reflecting cortical downregulation instead of changes in asymmetric activity. To corroborate our observations, we examined the effects of 45 s of unilateral dynamic handgrip contractions on subsequent resting alpha activity. Twenty-two right-handed participants were recruited (M = 25 years, 17 female). The study used a within-subjects design consisting of a pre- and post-test (2 min resting; eyes open) for the intervention (dynamic handgrip; at a self-determined pace of approximately twice a second for 45 s for each hand). Following the handgrip task, an increase in alpha amplitude above the baseline was observed over the entire cortex, which was greater after left-hand squeezing. This observation confirms our previous findings and we have extended them by adding more electrodes to gain further insights into the handgrip exercise as an external brain stimulator. Moreover, we grouped electrodes according to scalp regions to facilitate the visualization of the effects on the frequency spectrum. Our findings can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at modifying behavioral outcomes affected by alpha activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mirifar
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technische Universität München, Germany.
| | - Fernando Cross-Villasana
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Jürgen Beckmann
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Felix Ehrlenspiel
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Chair of Sport Psychology, Technische Universität München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bertoli J, Dal Pupo J, Vaz MA, Detanico D, Biduski GM, de la Rocha Freitas C. Effects of Mat Pilates on hip and knee isokinetic torque parameters in elderly women. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2018; 22:798-804. [PMID: 30100315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects of Mat Pilates on isokinetic torque of the lower limbs in elderly women. Fourteen elderly women (Age 62 ± 3 yr) participated in 12 weeks of Mat Pilates training (60-min sessions, 3 times per week). Repetitions increased every 4 weeks and the difficulty of exercises progressed from beginner to intermediate and advanced. Peak torque was assessed before (week -4 and week 0, considered as a control period) and after 6 and 12 weeks of a periodized Mat Pilates intervention. The results showed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in concentric and eccentric peak torque of knee flexors muscles, hip flexor and extensor muscles after 12 weeks. Mechanical work showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) for knee extensor muscles during eccentric contractions after week 12, for hip extensor muscles during concentric contractions week 12, and for flexor muscles during concentric and eccentric contractions after week 12. We conclude that the periodization of Mat Pilates induced significant improvements in multiple isokinetic torque parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Bertoli
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Juliano Dal Pupo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marco A Vaz
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Laboratório de Pesquisa do Exercício, Departamento de Educação Física, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele Detanico
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Grazieli M Biduski
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cíntia de la Rocha Freitas
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Biomecânica, Centro de Desportos, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roca-Dols A, Elena Losa-Iglesias M, Sánchez-Gómez R, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, López-López D, Palomo-López P, Rodríguez-Sanz D, Calvo-Lobo C. Electromyography activity of triceps surae and tibialis anterior muscles related to various sports shoes. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 86:158-171. [PMID: 29986290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Triceps surae (TS) and tibialis anterior (TA) activation patterns have not yet been studied under different types of sport shoes. We hypothesized that sports shoes may reduce the activity patterns of these muscles in relation to barefoot condition. Thus, our main aim was to evaluate the activity patterns of TS and TA muscles in healthy people during all gait phases using five types of sport shoes with respect to barefoot condition. A total sample of thirty healthy participants, mean age 36.20 ± 8.50, was recruited in a podiatry laboratory following an observational research design. During walking and running, electromyography signals were recorded from TS and TA muscles using surface electrodes in the following experimental situations: 1.) barefoot, 2.) minimalist, 3.) pronated control, 4.) air chamber, 5.) ethyl-vinyl-acetate and 6.) boost. The TS and TA showed significant reductions (P < 0.05) in the peak amplitude of different sport shoes types with respect to the barefoot condition in different phases of the gait cycle during walking and running. Nevertheless, the boost sport shoe produced statistically significant increases in the peak amplitude of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle in comparison with the barefoot condition in the midstance phase of the gait cycle during running (P = 0.047). In addition, the pronation control and air chamber sport shoes produced statistically significant increases in the peak amplitude of the TA muscle with respect to the barefoot condition in the contact phase of the gait cycle (P = 0.021; P = 0.013), respectively, during running. Despite TS and TA muscles activity patterns seem to be reduced using different sport shoes types with respect to the barefoot condition in different phases of the gait cycle during walking and running, some sport shoes may increase this muscular activity in specific phases of the gait cycle during running.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Spain.
| | | | - David Rodríguez-Sanz
- School of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roca-Dols A, Losa-Iglesias ME, Sánchez-Gómez R, López-López D, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Calvo-Lobo C. Electromyography comparison of the effects of various footwear in the activity patterns of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82:126-132. [PMID: 29597146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroneus longus and brevis (PLB) disorders are commonly in people with lateral ligamentous instability, ankle pain, lateral hindfoot pain and structures of the proximal compartment of the lower legs and their muscle activity is believed to be influenced by different footwear types. The proposal of this research is to evaluate the effects of five types of footwear with respect to the barefoot condition and analyze the activity patterns of PLB muscles in healthy subjects during the gait cycle. METHODS Thirty healthy subjects were recruited in a laboratory in this cross-sectional research design. While walking, electromyography (EMG) activity was measured from PLB via surface electrodes in six experimental conditions: 1) barefoot, 2) minimalist, 3) pronated control, 4) air chamber, 5) ethyl-vinyl-acetate (EVA) and 6) boost. These data were obtained and compared. RESULTS The peroneus brevis showed significant reductions in the peak amplitude of the five footwear types (minimalist, pronation control, air chamber, EVA and boost) with respect to the barefoot condition in the propulsion phase of the gait cycle during walking (P = 0.034; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.006) and running (P = 0.004; P < 0.001; P = 0.001; P < 0.001; P = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, peroneus longus showed significant reductions in the peak amplitude of these five footwear types with respect to the barefoot condition in the propulsion phase of the gait cycle during running (P = 0.005; P = 0.038; P = 0.019; P = 0.025; P = 0.021). CONCLUSION The EMG activity patterns of the PLB muscles may depend on the use of different types of sport shoes such as minimalist, pronation control, air chamber, EVA and boost footwear with respect the barefoot condition in different phases of the gait cycle during walking and running.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rubén Sánchez-Gómez
- Department, Faculty of Health, Exercise and Sport, European University of Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Research, Health and Podiatry Unit. Department of Health Sciences. Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry. Universidade da Coruña, Spain.
| | | | - César Calvo-Lobo
- Nursing and Physical Therapy Department, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de León, Ponferrada, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu M, Yu B, Yang W, Jiang Y, Lu L, Huang Z, Chen S, Li G. Evaluation of normal swallowing functions by using dynamic high-density surface electromyography maps. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:133. [PMID: 29157238 PMCID: PMC5696778 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Swallowing is a continuous process with substantive interdependencies among different muscles, and it plays a significant role in our daily life. The aim of this study was to propose a novel technique based on high-density surface electromyography (HD sEMG) for the evaluation of normal swallowing functions. METHODS A total of 96 electrodes were placed on the front neck to acquire myoelectric signals from 12 healthy subjects while they were performing different swallowing tasks. HD sEMG energy maps were constructed based on the root mean square values to visualize muscular activities during swallowing. The effects of different volumes, viscosities, and head postures on the normal swallowing process were systemically investigated by using the energy maps. RESULTS The results showed that the HD sEMG energy maps could provide detailed spatial and temporal properties of the muscle electrical activity, and visualize the muscle contractions that closely related to the swallowing function. The energy maps also showed that the swallowing time and effort was also explicitly affected by the volume and viscosity of the bolus. The concentration of the muscular activities shifted to the opposite side when the subjects turned their head to either side. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method could provide an alternative method to physiologically evaluate the dynamic characteristics of normal swallowing and had the advantage of providing a full picture of how different muscle activities cooperate in time and location. The findings from this study suggested that the HD sEMG technique might be a useful tool for fast screening and objective assessment of swallowing disorders or dysphagia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Designed Intelligence Group, Industrial Design Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wanzhang Yang
- The Rehabilitation Department, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Yanbing Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lin Lu
- The Rehabilitation Department, Shenzhen Sixth People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Shixiong Chen
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Guanglin Li
- Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kazemi K, Arab AM, Abdollahi I, López-López D, Calvo-Lobo C. Electromiography comparison of distal and proximal lower limb muscle activity patterns during external perturbation in subjects with and without functional ankle instability. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 55:211-20. [PMID: 28843163 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries among athletes and the general population. Most ankle injuries commonly affect the lateral ligament complex. Changes in postural sway and hip abductor muscle strength may be generated after inversion ankle sprain. Therefore, the consequences of ankle injury may affect proximal structures of the lower limb. The aim is to describe and compare the activity patterns of distal and proximal lower limb muscles following external perturbation in individuals with and without functional ankle instability. The sample consisted of 16 women with functional ankle instability and 18 healthy women were recruited to participate in this research. The external perturbation via body jacket using surface electromyography, amplitude and onset of muscle activity of gluteus maximums, gluteus medius, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus was recorded and analyzed during external perturbation. There were differences between the onset of muscles activity due to perturbation direction in the two groups (healthy and functional ankle instability). In the healthy group, there were statistically significant differences in amplitude of proximal muscle activity with distal muscle activity during front perturbation with eyes open and closed. In the functional ankle instability group; there were statistically significant differences in amplitude of proximal muscle activity with distal muscle activity during perturbation of the front and back with eyes open. There were statistically significant differences in the onset of muscle activity and amplitude of muscle activity, with-in and between groups (P<0.05). Therefore, in the presence of functional ankle instability, activation patterns of the lower limb proximal muscles may be altered.
Collapse
|
9
|
Arifi B, Gupta S, Sharma S, Daraboina A, Ahuja S. A Case Report of Chorea Associated with Hyperthyroidism. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:PL01. [PMID: 27042533 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/17299.7277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blerim Arifi
- Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Barnabas Hospital , Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Sorab Gupta
- Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Barnabas Hospital , Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Shorabh Sharma
- Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Barnabas Hospital , Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Aswani Daraboina
- Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Barnabas Hospital , Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Shradha Ahuja
- Resident, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Barnabas Hospital , Bronx, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moortgat S, Benoit V, Deprez M, Charon A, Maystadt I. A new Turkish infant with clinical features of CS/CISS1 syndrome and homozygous CRLF1 mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:212-5. [PMID: 24613578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cold-induced sweating syndrome (CISS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by profuse sweating at cold environmental temperatures, facial dysmorphism and skeletal features. The infantile presentation of CISS, referred to as Crisponi syndrome (CS), is characterized by facial muscular contractures in response to slight tactile stimuli or during crying, by life-threatening feeding difficulties caused by suck and swallow inabilities, and by intermittent hyperthermia. High febrile crises can lead to death within the first months of life. In preadolescence, surviving patients develop kyphoscoliosis and abnormal sweating. CISS is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mutations in CRLF1 in more than 90 percent of patients (CISS1) and by mutations in CLCF1 in the remaining patients (CISS2). It is now well demonstrated that all patients with an infantile-onset CS will develop CISS, confirming that CS and CISS are not "allelic disorders" but the same clinical entity described at different ages of affected patients. Here we report on a Turkish patient with a phenotype consistent with CS/CISS1 and a nonsense homozygous mutation (c.829C>T, p.R277X) in the CRLF1 gene. This mutation has already been reported in another Turkish patient with CS/CISS1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Moortgat
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Valerie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Deprez
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium; Département de Neuropédiatrie, Clinique Sainte-Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - Anne Charon
- Département de Néonatologie, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|