Bioinformatics features and immunogenic epitopes of Echinococcus granulosus Myophilin as a promising target for vaccination against cystic echinococcosis

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonosis especially in underdeveloped countries around the world. Hence, immunization strategies are beneficial to avert the infection. The present investigation was aimed to predict the primary biochemical characteristics of the EgMyophilin and its potential B-cell and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-binding epitopes as a promising vaccine candidate. Different web servers were used to predict physico-chemical, antigenic and allergenic profiles, transmembrane domain, subcellular localization, post-translational modification (PTM) sites, secondary and 3D structure, tertiary model refinement and validations. B-cell and HLA-binding epitopes were predicted and screened in terms antigenicity, allergenicity, solubility (B-cell) or hydrophobicity (T-cell). The 89.82 KDa protein was non-allergenic, hydrophilic, stable, with improved thermotolerance and 94 post-translational modification sites. The secondary structure included 42.94% alpha helix, 42.82% random coil and 41.23% extended strand. Based on Ramachandran plot output for refined model, 96.2%, 99.5%, and 0.45% of amino acid residues were incorporated in the favored, allowed, and outlier regions of the refined model, respectively. After epitope screening, four B-cell and five HLA-binding epitopes possessed the highest antigenic index in the protein sequence. This paper is a premise for further researches, and provides insights for the development of a suitable vaccine against CE. More empirical studies are required using the EgMyophilin alone or in combination with other antigens/epitopes in the future.