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Bacsa B, Graziani A, Krivic D, Wiedner P, Malli R, Rauter T, Tiapko O, Groschner K. Pharmaco-Optogenetic Targeting of TRPC Activity Allows for Precise Control Over Mast Cell NFAT Signaling. Front Immunol 2021; 11:613194. [PMID: 33391284 PMCID: PMC7775509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.613194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are considered as elements of the immune cell Ca2+ handling machinery. We therefore hypothesized that TRPC photopharmacology may enable uniquely specific modulation of immune responses. Utilizing a recently established TRPC3/6/7 selective, photochromic benzimidazole agonist OptoBI-1, we set out to test this concept for mast cell NFAT signaling. RBL-2H3 mast cells were found to express TRPC3 and TRPC7 mRNA but lacked appreciable Ca2+/NFAT signaling in response to OptoBI-1 photocycling. Genetic modification of the cells by introduction of single recombinant TRPC isoforms revealed that exclusively TRPC6 expression generated OptoBI-1 sensitivity suitable for opto-chemical control of NFAT1 activity. Expression of any of three benzimidazole-sensitive TRPC isoforms (TRPC3/6/7) reconstituted plasma membrane TRPC conductances in RBL cells, and expression of TRPC6 or TRPC7 enabled light-mediated generation of temporally defined Ca2+ signaling patterns. Nonetheless, only cells overexpressing TRPC6 retained essentially low basal levels of NFAT activity and displayed rapid and efficient NFAT nuclear translocation upon OptoBI-1 photocycling. Hence, genetic modification of the mast cells' TRPC expression pattern by the introduction of TRPC6 enables highly specific opto-chemical control over Ca2+ transcription coupling in these immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadett Bacsa
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Annarita Graziani
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Denis Krivic
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Patrick Wiedner
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Malli
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Rauter
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Oleksandra Tiapko
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Gottfried-Schatz-Research-Center-Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Prasad M, Brzostek J, Gautam N, Balyan R, Rybakin V, Gascoigne NRJ. Themis regulates metabolic signaling and effector functions in CD4 + T cells by controlling NFAT nuclear translocation. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:2249-2261. [PMID: 33177694 PMCID: PMC8429700 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00578-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Themis is a T cell lineage-specific molecule that is involved in TCR signal transduction. The effects of germline Themis deletion on peripheral CD4+ T cell function have not been described before. In this study, we found that Themis-deficient CD4+ T cells had poor proliferative responses, reduced cytokine production in vitro and weaker inflammatory potential, as measured by their ability to cause colitis in vivo. Resting T cells are quiescent, whereas activated T cells have high metabolic demands. Fulfillment of these metabolic demands depends upon nutrient availability and upregulation of nutrient intake channels after efficient TCR signal transduction, which leads to metabolic reprogramming in T cells. We tested whether defects in effector functions were caused by impaired metabolic shifts in Themis-deficient CD4+ T cells due to inefficient TCR signal transduction, in turn caused by the lack of Themis. We found that upon TCR stimulation, Themis-deficient CD4+ T cells were unable to upregulate the expression of insulin receptor (IR), glucose transporter (GLUT1), the neutral amino acid transporter CD98 and the mTOR pathway, as measured by c-Myc and pS6 expression. Mitochondrial analysis of activated Themis-deficient CD4+ T cells showed more oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) than aerobic glycolysis, indicating defective metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, we found reduced NFAT translocation in Themis-deficient CD4+ T cells upon TCR stimulation. Using previously reported ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data, we found that NFAT nuclear translocation controls IR gene expression. Together, our results describe an internal circuit between TCR signal transduction, NFAT nuclear translocation, and metabolic signaling in CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Prasad
- Translational Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Translational Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Namrata Gautam
- Translational Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Renu Balyan
- Translational Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.,Torque Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Translational Immunology Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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Graziani A, Bacsa B, Krivic D, Wiedner P, Curcic S, Schindl R, Tiapko O, Groschner K. Light-Mediated Control over TRPC3-Mediated NFAT Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030556. [PMID: 32120825 PMCID: PMC7140526 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels were identified as key players in maladaptive remodeling, with nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factors serving as downstream targets of TRPC-triggered Ca2+ entry in these pathological processes. Strikingly, the reconstitution of TRPC-NFAT signaling by heterologous expression yielded controversial results. Specifically, nuclear translocation of NFAT1 was found barely responsive to recombinant TRPC3, presumably based on the requirement of certain spatiotemporal signaling features. Here, we report efficient control of NFAT1 nuclear translocation in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells by light, using a new photochromic TRPC benzimidazole activator (OptoBI-1) and a TRPC3 mutant with modified activator sensitivity. NFAT1 nuclear translocation was measured along with an all-optical protocol to record local and global Ca2+ pattern generated during light-mediated activation/deactivation cycling of TRPC3. Our results unveil the ability of wild-type TRPC3 to produce constitutive NFAT nuclear translocation. Moreover, we demonstrate that TRPC3 mutant that lacks basal activity enables spatiotemporally precise control over NFAT1 activity by photopharmacology. Our results suggest tight linkage between TRPC3 activity and NFAT1 nuclear translocation based on global cellular Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Groschner
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (K.G.); Tel.: +43-316-385-71500 (K.G)
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