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Auguste M, Balbi T, Miglioli A, Alberti S, Prandi S, Narizzano R, Salis A, Damonte G, Canesi L. Comparison of Different Commercial Nanopolystyrenes: Behavior in Exposure Media, Effects on Immune Function and Early Larval Development in the Model Bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3291. [PMID: 34947640 PMCID: PMC8705110 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the absence of standard methods for the detection/quantification of nanoplastics (NPs) in environmental samples, commercial nanopolymers are utilized as proxies for toxicity testing and environmental risk assessment. In marine species, a considerable amount of data are now available on the effects of nanopolystyrene (PS-NPs) of different size/surface characteristics. In this work, amino modified PS-NPs (PS-NH2) (50 and 100 nm), purchased from two different companies, were compared in terms of behavior in exposure media and of biological responses, from molecular to organism level, in the model marine bivalve Mytilus. Different PS-NH2 showed distinct agglomeration and surface charge in artificial sea water (ASW) and hemolymph serum (HS). Differences in behavior were largely reflected by the effects on immune function in vitro and in vivo and on early larval development. Stronger effects were generally observed with PS-NH2 of smaller size, showing less agglomeration and higher positive charge in exposure media. Specific molecular interactions with HS components were investigated by the isolation and characterization of the NP-corona proteins. Data obtained in larvae demonstrate interference with the molecular mechanisms of shell biogenesis. Overall, different PS-NH2 can affect the key physiological functions of mussels at environmental concentrations (10 µg/L). However, detailed information on the commercial NPs utilized is required to compare their biological effects among laboratory experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Auguste
- Department of Environmental, Earth, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (A.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Teresa Balbi
- Department of Environmental, Earth, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (A.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Angelica Miglioli
- Department of Environmental, Earth, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (A.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Stefano Alberti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry (DICCI), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Sonja Prandi
- Department Regional Laboratory, Sector Organic Chemistry and Physical Analysis, ARPAL, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (S.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Riccardo Narizzano
- Department Regional Laboratory, Sector Organic Chemistry and Physical Analysis, ARPAL, 16149 Genoa, Italy; (S.P.); (R.N.)
| | - Annalisa Salis
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Gianluca Damonte
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (A.S.); (G.D.)
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Environmental, Earth, and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16136 Genoa, Italy; (T.B.); (A.M.); (L.C.)
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