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SenGupta T, Palikaras K, Esbensen YQ, Konstantinidis G, Galindo FJN, Achanta K, Kassahun H, Stavgiannoudaki I, Bohr VA, Akbari M, Gaare J, Tzoulis C, Tavernarakis N, Nilsen H. Base excision repair causes age-dependent accumulation of single-stranded DNA breaks that contribute to Parkinson disease pathology. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109668. [PMID: 34496255 PMCID: PMC8441048 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging, genomic stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are risk factors for neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Parkinson disease (PD). Although genomic instability is associated with aging and mitochondrial impairment, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that base excision repair generates genomic stress, promoting age-related neurodegeneration in a Caenorhabditis elegans PD model. A physiological level of NTH-1 DNA glycosylase mediates mitochondrial and nuclear genomic instability, which promote degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in older nematodes. Conversely, NTH-1 deficiency protects against α-synuclein-induced neurotoxicity, maintaining neuronal function with age. This apparent paradox is caused by modulation of mitochondrial transcription in NTH-1-deficient cells, and this modulation activates LMD-3, JNK-1, and SKN-1 and induces mitohormesis. The dependance of neuroprotection on mitochondrial transcription highlights the integration of BER and transcription regulation during physiological aging. Finally, whole-exome sequencing of genomic DNA from patients with idiopathic PD suggests that base excision repair might modulate susceptibility to PD in humans. Incomplete base excision repair is a source of genomic stress during aging The NTH-1 DNA glycosylase is a key mediator of age-dependent genomic instability Compromised NTH-1 activity promotes neuroprotection in PD nematodes NTH-1 deficiency triggers LMD-3/JNK-1/SKN-1-dependent mitohormetic response
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima SenGupta
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Konstantinos Palikaras
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Hellas, Greece; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ying Q Esbensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Georgios Konstantinidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Hellas, Greece
| | - Francisco Jose Naranjo Galindo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kavya Achanta
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henok Kassahun
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioanna Stavgiannoudaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Hellas, Greece
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mansour Akbari
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, SUND, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johannes Gaare
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Pb 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Hellas, Greece; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece.
| | - Hilde Nilsen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
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Kassahun H, SenGupta T, Schiavi A, Maglioni S, Skjeldam HK, Arczewska K, Brockway NL, Estes S, Eide L, Ventura N, Nilsen H. Constitutive MAP-kinase activation suppresses germline apoptosis in NTH-1 DNA glycosylase deficient C. elegans. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 61:46-55. [PMID: 29202295 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of DNA bases, an inevitable consequence of oxidative stress, requires the base excision repair (BER) pathway for repair. Caenorhabditis elegans is a well-established model to study phenotypic consequences and cellular responses to oxidative stress. To better understand how BER affects phenotypes associated with oxidative stress, we characterised the C. elegans nth-1 mutant, which lack the only DNA glycosylase dedicated to repair of oxidative DNA base damage, the NTH-1 DNA glycosylase. We show that nth-1 mutants have mitochondrial dysfunction characterised by lower mitochondrial DNA copy number, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species. Consistently, nth-1 mutants express markers of chronic oxidative stress with high basal phosphorylation of MAP-kinases (MAPK) but further activation of MAPK in response to the superoxide generator paraquat is attenuated. Surprisingly, nth-1 mutants also failed to induce apoptosis in response to paraquat. The ability to induce apoptosis in response to paraquat was regained when basal MAPK activation was restored to wild type levels. In conclusion, the failure of nth-1 mutants to induce apoptosis in response to paraquat is not a direct effect of the DNA repair deficiency but an indirect consequence of the compensatory cellular stress response that includes MAPK activation.
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