Integrated the embedding delivery system and targeted oxygen scavenger enhances free radical scavenging capacity

World trends in oil crop growing area, yield, and production over the last 10 years exhibited an increase of 48 %, 82 %, and 240 %, respectively. Concerning reduced shelf-life of oil-containing food products caused by oil oxidation and the demand for sensory quality of oil, the development of methods the improvement oil quality is urgently required. This critical review presented a concise overview of the recent literature related to the inhibition ways of oil oxidation. The mechanism of different antioxidants and nanoparticle delivery systems on oil oxidation was also explored. The current review provides scientific findings on control strategies: (i) design oxidation quality assessment model; (ii) packaging by antioxidant coatings and eco-friendly film nanocomposite: ameliorate physicochemical properties; (iii) molecular investigations on inhibitory effects of selected antioxidants and underlying mechanisms; (iv) explore the interrelationship between the cysteine/citric acid and lipoxygenase pathway in the progression of oxidative/fragmentation degradation of unsaturated fatty acid chains.

Spatiotemporally controllable diphtherin transgene system and neoantigen immunotherapy

Individualized immunotherapy has attracted great attention due to its high specificity, effectiveness, and safety. We used an exogenous antigen to label tumor cells with MHC I molecules, which allowed neoantigen-specific T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells. A neoantigen vaccine alone cannot achieve complete tumor clearance due to a tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. The LightOn system was developed to effectively eliminate tumor cells through the spatiotemporally controllable expression of diphtheria toxin A fragment, leading to antigen release in the tumor region. These antigens stimulated and enhanced immunological function and thus, recruited neoantigen-specific T cells to infiltrate tumor tissue. Using the nanoparticle delivery system, neoantigens produced higher delivery efficiency to lymph nodes and improved tumor targeting ability for tumor cell labelling. Good tumor inhibition and prolonged survival were achieved, while eliciting a strong immune response. The combination of a spatiotemporally controllable transgene system with tumor neoantigen labeling has great potential for tumor immunotherapy.

Multi-disciplinary Approach for Drug and Gene Delivery Systems to the Brain

Drug delivery into the brain has for long been a huge challenge as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) offers great resistance to entry of foreign substances (with drugs inclusive) into the brain. This barrier in healthy individuals is protective to the brain, disallowing noxious substances present in the blood to get to the brain while allowing for the exchange of small molecules into the brain by diffusion. However, BBB is disrupted under certain disease conditions, such as cerebrovascular diseases including acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, and neurodegenerative disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cancers. This review aims to provide a broad overview of present-day strategies for brain drug delivery, emphasizing novel delivery systems. Hopefully, this review would inspire scientists and researchers in the field of drug delivery across BBB to uncover new techniques and strategies to optimize drug delivery to the brain. Considering the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiological functioning of the BBB in health and disease conditions, this review is focused on the controversies drawn from conclusions of recently published studies on issues such as the penetrability of nanoparticles into the brain, and whether active targeted drug delivery into the brain could be achieved with the use of nanoparticles. We also extended the review to cover novel non-nanoparticle strategies such as using viral and peptide vectors and other non-invasive techniques to enhance brain uptake of drugs.

Spatiotemporally controllable diphtheria toxin expression using a light-switchable transgene system combining multifunctional nanoparticle delivery system for targeted melanoma therapy

Gene therapy with external gene insertion (e. g. a suicide gene) and expression specifically in mutated tumor cells has shown to be a promising strategy in treatment of tumors. However, current tumor gene therapy often suffered from low efficiency in gene expression and off-target effects which may cause damage to normal tissues. To address these issues, in this study, a light-switchable transgene nanoparticle delivery system loaded with a diphtheria toxin A (DTA) segment encoded gene, a suicide gene for tumor cells, was developed. The nanoparticles contained vitamin E succinate-grafted polyethyleneimine core and arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD)-modified pegylated hyaluronic acid shell for targeted delivery of the loaded gene to tumor cells via receptor-mediated (CD44 and αvβ3) endocytosis. Notably, the expression of target proteins in tumor cells could be conveniently regulated by adjusting the blue light intensity in the Light-On system. In in-vitro studies in cultured B16-F10 cells, the pG-DTA-loaded nano-micelles showed greatly improved inhibitory rate compared with the pG-DTA group. Moreover, in the tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice model, the pG-DTA-loaded nanoparticle exhibited greatly improved efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity with significantly increased survival rate after 21 days. Significantly suppressed tumor angiogenesis was also identified in the nanoparticle-treated group likely due to the targeting ability of the RGD-modified nanoparticle. All the above results indicated that the combination of a light-switchable transgene system with a nanoparticle-based targeted delivery system have great potentials in gene therapy of malignant tumors with improved precision and efficacy.