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Mafla-Endara PM, Meklesh V, Beech JP, Ohlsson P, Pucetaite M, Hammer EC. Exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics reduces bacterial and fungal biomass in microfabricated soil models. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166503. [PMID: 37633381 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics have been proven to induce toxicity in diverse organisms, yet their effect on soil microbes like bacteria and fungi remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we used micro-engineered soil models to investigate the effect of polystyrene (PS) nanospheres on Pseudomonas putida and Coprinopsis cinerea. Specifically, we explored the effects of increasing concentrations of 60 nm carboxylated bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated nanospheres (0, 0.5, 2, and 10 mg/L) on these bacterial and fungal model organisms respectively, over time. We found that both microorganisms could disperse through the PS solution, but long-distance dispersal was reduced by high concentrations. Microbial biomass decreased in all treatments, in which bacteria showed a linear dose response with the strongest effect at 10 mg/L concentration, and fungi showed a non-linear response with the strongest effect at 2 mg/L concentration. At the highest nanoplastics concentration, the first colonizing fungal hyphae adsorbed most of the PS nanospheres present in their vicinity, in a process that we termed the 'vacuum cleaner effect'. As a result, the toxicity effect of the original treatment on subsequently growing fungal hyphae was reduced to a growth level indistinguishable from the control. We did not find evidence that nanoplastics are able to penetrate bacterial nor fungal cell walls. Overall, our findings provide evidence that nanoplastics can cause a direct negative effect on soil microbes and highlight the need for further studies that can explain how the microbial stress response might affect soil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Mafla-Endara
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Viktoriia Meklesh
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason P Beech
- Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pelle Ohlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering (LTH), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Edith C Hammer
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Meng X, Yip Y, Valiyaveettil S. Understanding the aggregation, consumption, distribution and accumulation of nanoparticles of polyvinyl chloride and polymethyl methacrylate in Ruditapes philippinarum. Sci Total Environ 2023; 871:161955. [PMID: 36737013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plastic products have become an integral part of our life. A widespread usage, high stability, uncontrolled disposal and slow degradation of plastics in the environment led to the generation and accumulation of nanoparticles of polymers (NPs) in the marine environment. However, little is known about the aggregation, consumption and distribution of NPs from common polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (NP-PVC) and polymethyl methacrylate (NP-PMMA) inside marine animal physiologies. In the current study, two types of polymers (PVC and PMMA) × four exposure concentrations (1, 5, 15 and 25 mg/L) × four times (4, 8, 12 and 24 h) exposure studies were conducted to understand the consumption and distribution of luminescent NP-PVC (98.6 ± 17.6 nm) and NP-PMMA (111.9 ± 37.1 nm) in R. philippinarum. Under laboratory conditions, NP-PVC showed a higher aggregation rate than NP-PMMA in seawater within a period of 24 h. Aggregations of NPs increased with an increase in initial NP concentrations, leading to significant settling of nanoparticles within 24 h exposure. Such aggregation and settling of particles enhanced the consumption of NPs by benthic filter-feeding R. philippinarum at all exposure concentrations during 4 h exposure. More interestingly, NP-PVC and NP-PMMA were observed in large amounts in both liver and gills (22.6 % - 29.1 %) of the clams. Furthermore, NP-PVC was detected in most organs of R. philippinarum as compared to NP-PMMA. This study demonstrates that different polymers distribute and accumulate differently in the same biological model under laboratory exposure conditions based on their chemical nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Meng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongjie Yip
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Wang J, Lu S, Guo L, Wang P, He C, Liu D, Bian H, Sheng L. Effects of polystyrene nanoplastics with different functional groups on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings: Combined transcriptome, enzymology, and physiology. Sci Total Environ 2022; 834:155092. [PMID: 35398132 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastic particles originate from the daily use of plastics and have become a new form of pollutant. However, the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on higher plants remain largely unclear, thus requiring further research. In this study, rice plants were exposed to polystyrene (PS) NPs with different functional groups to determine their toxicity. The presence of NPs reduced the biomass and photosynthetic capacity of rice. Compared with control (CK), the heights of rice plants exposed to no-modified PS, carboxyl-modified PS (PS-COOH) and amino-modified PS (PS-NH2) groups decreased by 13.59%, 26.61%, and 42.71%, while the dry shoot weight decreased by 47.46%, 50.09%, and 71.04%, respectively. All treatments activated the antioxidant levels of rice and reduced photosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis showed that NPs induced the expression of genes related to antioxidant enzyme activity in rice roots. Rice could partially reduce the xenobiotic toxicity caused by external sources by regulating phenylpropane biosynthesis and the processes involved in cell detoxification. PS mainly affected the process of RNA metabolism, while PS-COOH mainly affected ion transport, and PS-NH2 mainly affected the synthesis of macromolecular protein, which had different effects on rice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Siyuan Lu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Liquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Straw Biology and Higher Value Application, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Chunguang He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Jilin Busyness and Technology College, Changchun 130507, China
| | - Hongfeng Bian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
| | - Lianxi Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, China.
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