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Dubal ÍTP, Coradi PC, Dos Santos Bilhalva N, Biduski B, Lutz É, Mallmann CA, Anschau KF, Flores EMM. Monitoring of carbon dioxide and equilibrium moisture content for early detection of physicochemical and morphological changes in soybeans stored in vertical silos. Food Chem 2024; 436:137721. [PMID: 37864969 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
In the context of grain storage, impurities and soybeans defects in soybeans can significantly impact the equilibrium moisture content. This, cause moisture migration and heating of the stored product, leading to increased respiratory activity. Furthermore, temperature measurements within stored grain mass do not provide sufficient information for effective grain quality monitoring, primarily due to the grains excellent thermal insulating properties. To address this issue, we propose a different approach: monitoring the equilibrium moisture content and CO2 concentration as indicators of soybean respiration within the intergranular spaces of the stored grain mass. This study propose monitoring the CO2 concentration in the intergranular air along with environmental variables for early detection of physicochemical and morphological changes in soybeans stored in vertical silos using near infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetry and spectrometry analyses revealed that the interrelationships among variables had a direct impact on soybean quality attributes. Specifically, the presence of soybeans with 5.2 % impurities led to an increased in respiration rates, resulting in a CO2 concentration of up to 5000 ppm and the consumption of up to 3.6 % of dry matter. Consequently, there were changes in the percentage of ash, proteins, fibers, and oils compositions. These findings highlight the potential for indirect assessments, enabling the prediction of physicochemical quality and contamination of soybeans stored in vertical silos through continuous monitoring of CO2 concentration and equilibrium moisture content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítala Thaisa Padilha Dubal
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Carteri Coradi
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Laboratory of Postharvest (LAPOS), Campus Cachoeira do Sul, Federal University of Santa Maria, 96506-322 Cachoeira do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Nairiane Dos Santos Bilhalva
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Biduski
- Food Quality and Sensory Science Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre Ashtown, Dublin City D15 KN3K, Ireland
| | - Éverton Lutz
- Department Agricultural Engineering, Rural Sciences Center, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Mallmann
- Laboratory of Mycotoxicological Analyses (LAMIC), Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-970, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kellen Francine Anschau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Erico Marlon Moraes Flores
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kim Y, Cho S, Chung H. Feasibility of diffuser-incorporated near-infrared trans-reflectance measurement for quantitative detection of microplastics captured in perfluorocarbon. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1239:340746. [PMID: 36628737 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A diffuser-incorporated near-infrared (NIR) trans-reflectance measurement is demonstrated for quantitative detection of polyethylene (PE) particles captured in perfluorohexane (PFH, C6F14). PFH effectively captures PE particles through its hydrophobicity and absorbs little NIR radiation, recommending it for use in background-free NIR detection of captured PE particles. A reflective metal disk was used to push the captured PE particles in PFH toward the bottom of the vial that contained the sample, and the trans-reflectance measurement was performed by illuminating NIR radiation from the bottom of the vial at 45o. Reproducibility is limited by the variation in the positions of small PE-particle aggregates at the water/PFH interface and the difficulty in ensuring full NIR sampling (coverage) of large aggregates. An effective way to secure improved reproducibility under these circumstances is illumination of broader and more uniform NIR radiation for measurement. For this purpose, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) disk was uniquely incorporated as a diffuser for the trans-reflectance measurement. Compared to the measurement with no diffuser, the diffuser-incorporated scheme produced more distinct PE peaks of low-quantity samples (0.1 and 0.2 mg) and enhanced the reproducibility in measurements of all the samples (0.1-4.0 mg of PE). As a result, the correlation between peak intensity and particle quantity was excellent (R2: 0.997), and a limit of detection of 0.07 mg was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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