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Wu X, Yang F, Zhang J, Gao F, Hu YC, Yang K, Wang P. Biochar's role in improving pakchoi quality and microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16733. [PMID: 38515457 PMCID: PMC10956520 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Biochar amendments enhance crop productivity and improve agricultural quality. To date, studies on the correlation between different amounts of biochar in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) quality and rhizosphere soil microorganisms are limited, especially in weakly alkaline soils. The experiment was set up to explore the effect of different concentrations of biochar on vegetable quality and the correlation between the index of quality and soil bacterial community structure changes. Methods The soil was treated in the following ways via pot culture: the blank control (CK) without biochar added and with biochar at different concentrations of 1% (T1), 3% (T2), 5% (T3), and 7% (T4). Here, we investigatedthe synergistic effect of biochar on the growth and quality of pakchoi, soil enzymatic activities, and soil nutrients. Microbial communities from pakchoi rhizosphere soil were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq. Results The results revealed that adding 3% biochar significantly increased plant height, root length, and dry weight of pakchoi and increased the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, Vitamin C (VC), cellulose, and reduced nitrate content in pakchoi leaves. Meanwhile, soil enzyme activities and available nutrient content in rhizosphere soil increased. This study demonstrated that the the microbial community structure of bacteria in pakchoi rhizosphere soil was changed by applying more than 3% biochar. Among the relatively abundant dominant phyla, Gemmatimonadetes, Anaerolineae, Deltaproteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiae were reduced, and Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidia, and Acidimicrobiia relative abundance increased. Furthermore, adding 3% biochar reduced the relative abundance of Gemmatimonas and increased the relative abundances of Ilumatobacter, Luteolibacter, Lysobacter, Arthrobacter, and Mesorhizobium. The nitrate content was positively correlated with the abundance of Gemmatimonadetes, and the nitrate content was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Ilumatobacter. Carbohydrate transport and metabolism in the rhizosphere soil of pakchoi decreased, and lipid transport and metabolism increased after biochar application. Conclusion Overall, our results indicated that applying biochar improved soil physicochemical states and plant nutrient absorption, and affected the abundance of dominant bacterial groups (e.g., Gemmatimonadetes and Ilumatobacter), these were the main factors to increase pakchoi growth and promote quality of pakchoi. Therefore, considering the growth, quality of pakchoi, and soil environment, the effect of using 3% biochar is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Post-doctoral Workstation of Agricultural Products Processing Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Daqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Aûairs, Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture Carbon in Northeastrn China, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fengjun Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jili Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Feng Gao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Chen Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kejun Yang
- Post-doctoral Workstation of Agricultural Products Processing Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Daqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Post-doctoral Workstation of Agricultural Products Processing Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center (Daqing), Ministry of Agriculture, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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Wang Y, Wang F, Ford R, Tang W, Zhou M, Ma B, Zhang M. The influences of graphene oxide and nitrification inhibitor on vegetable growths and soil and endophytic bacterial communities: Double-edge sword effects and nitrate risk controls. Sci Total Environ 2023; 903:166337. [PMID: 37591394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield and quality are substantial indicators of evaluating agricultural nitrogen management practices, and the nitrate (NO3--N) is one of the predominant factors affecting crop quality. The NO3--N accumulation in vegetable crop affects plant growth and quality and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to stimulate vegetable yield but eliminate excessive NO3--N in soils and plants with feasible management strategies. Graphene oxide (GO) is a novel carbon nanomaterial that has attracted great attention, but rare research has been conducted to quantify the effects of GO on plant NO3--N accumulation and microbial communities. This study explored effects of the GO and nitrification inhibitors, dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), on vegetable yields and NO3--N contents and bacterial communities in soil-cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. Chinensis) system. The soil NO3--N content was significantly reduced with the single GO application. The cabbage NO3--N content was increased by 60.4 % while the cabbage yield was significantly enhanced by 101.9 % with the single GO application. Meanwhile, the Invsimpson index of soil bacterial community and the ACE and Chao1 richness estimators of endophytic bacterial community were significantly decreased by the GO application. Cabbage NO3--N content was significantly and negatively correlated with the soil Myxococcota, endophytic bacterial community co-occurrence network edge, cabbage soluble sugar and cabbage proline. The GO application generated double-edged sword effects of positively promoting yield but causing risks of NO3--N accumulation and quality deterioration. However, these adverse effects could be mitigated by the extra nitrification inhibitor application. The potential ecological risks of GO application to the vegetable quality and endophytic community should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rebecca Ford
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Wenhui Tang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Minzhe Zhou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bin Ma
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Manyun Zhang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
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Wang D, Li P, Yang N, Yang C, Zhou Y, Li J. Distribution, sources and main controlling factors of nitrate in a typical intensive agricultural region, northwestern China: Vertical profile perspectives. Environ Res 2023; 237:116911. [PMID: 37597825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3-) pollution of groundwater is a global concern in agricultural areas. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the sources and destiny of nitrate in soil and groundwater within intensive agricultural areas, this study employed a combination of chemical indicators, dual isotopes of nitrate (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-), random forest model, and Bayesian stable isotope mixing model (MixSIAR). These approaches were utilized to examine the spatial distribution of NO3- in soil profiles and groundwater, identify key variables influencing groundwater nitrate concentration, and quantify the sources contribution at various depths of the vadose zone and groundwater with different nitrate concentrations. The results showed that the nitrate accumulation in the cropland and kiwifruit orchard at depths of 0-400 cm increased, leading to subsequent leaching of nitrate into deeper vadose zones and ultimately groundwater. The mean concentration of nitrate in groundwater was 91.89 mg/L, and 52.94% of the samples exceeded the recommended grade III value (88.57 mg/L) according to national standards. The results of the random forest model suggested that the main variables affecting the nitrate concentration in groundwater were well depth (16.6%), dissolved oxygen (11.6%), and soil nitrate (10.4%). The MixSIAR results revealed that nitrate sources vary at different soil depths, which was caused by the biogeochemical process of nitrate. In addition, the highest contribution of nitrate in groundwater, both with high and low concentrations, was found to be soil nitrogen (SN), accounting for 56.0% and 63.0%, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizer (CF) and manure and sewage (M&S). Through the identification of NO3- pollution sources, this study can take targeted measures to ensure the safety of groundwater in intensive agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyue Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ningning Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunliu Yang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of the Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, No. 126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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Le TH, Nguyen TNQ, Tran TXP, Nguyen HQ, Truong NCQ, Le TL, Pham VH, Pham TL, Tran THY, Tran TT. Identifying the impact of land use land cover change on streamflow and nitrate load following modeling approach: a case study in the upstream Dong Nai River basin, Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:68563-68576. [PMID: 37121945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tri An Reservoir is a vital source of water for agriculture, industry, hydropower, and public usage in Southern Vietnam. Due to human activities, water eutrophication has become a serious problem in recent decades. This study investigated for the first time the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) change on streamflow and nitrate load from the upstream Dong Nai River basin, which is the largest watershed of the reservoir. The study utilized several LULC scenarios, including LULC 2000, 2010, and 2020. The SWAT model was applied to model the watershed during the period 1997-2009. Results showed that the hydrological model performed satisfactorily based on the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient, the root mean square error observations standard deviation ratio (RSR), and the percent bias (PBIAS). The average simulated values of monthly streamflow and nitrate load were 453.7, 450.0, 446.7 m3/s and 17,699.43, 17,869.13, 17,590.81 tonnes for the LULC 2000, 2010, and 2020 scenarios, respectively. There were no significant differences in streamflow and nitrate load at the basin level under the different LULC scenarios. However, when looking at the subbasin level, there were differences in nitrate load among the scenarios. This suggests that the impacts of LULC on nitrate load may be more pronounced at smaller scales. Overall, our finding underscores the importance of modeling techniques in predicting the impacts of LULC change on streamflow and water quality, which can ultimately aid in the sustainable management of water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Hoang Le
- Research Center for Climate Change, Nong Lam University-Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Quyen Nguyen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, 63000, Buon Ma Thuot City, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam
| | - Thi Xuan Phan Tran
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Tay Nguyen University, 63000, Buon Ma Thuot City, Dak Lak Province, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Cung Que Truong
- Institute for Environment and Resources, Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Luom Le
- Dong Nai Technical Resources and Environment Center, Dong Khoi Street, Tan Hiep Ward, 810000, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam
| | - Van Huynh Pham
- Dong Nai Technical Resources and Environment Center, Dong Khoi Street, Tan Hiep Ward, 810000, Bien Hoa City, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Luu Pham
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Hoang Yen Tran
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thai Tran
- Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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Zang Y, Hou X, Li Z, Li P, Sun Y, Yu B, Li M. Quantify the effects of groundwater level recovery on groundwater nitrate dynamics through a quasi-3D integrated model for the vadose zone-groundwater coupled system. Water Res 2022; 226:119213. [PMID: 36240711 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater level (GWL) recovery in some semiarid regions, attributed to mitigation countermeasures for groundwater depletion, potentially causes nitrate accumulated in the vadose zone to be introduced into the aquifer. However, the extent to which GWL recovery affects interactions between the vadose zone and saturated aquifers, migration pathways of soil nitrogen and groundwater nitrate dynamics have not been explicitly determined. This study established a quasi-3D feedback model for the vadose zone-groundwater coupled system in a typical GWL recovery area and quantitatively evaluated the effects of GWL recovery on nitrate-N leaching fluxes via the vadose zone and groundwater nitrate-N dynamics. Within the framework of the integrated model, both the water/contaminant leaching fluxes and the depth to groundwater were exchanged at each flow time step. The obtained results reveal that the temporal changes in nitrate-N leaching fluxes depended on the behaviors of precipitation, farmland irrigation and lithology of the vadose zone, while its spatial patterns were determined by both the GWL undulation and the vertical profiles of nitrate-N content. Furthermore, the GWL recovery caused the magnitude of the nitrate-N leaching fluxes into the aquifer to increase by 44.4%. Along with the GWL recovery, the phreatic aquifer volume increased by 7.47%, and the nitrate-N mass herein increased by 40.06%, which was largely driven by the nitrate-N leaching flux. Consequently, the average groundwater nitrate-N concentration in the GWL recovery region increased by approximately 2.4 mg/L, apart from the artificial recharge route. This finding suggests that the intensified leaching of soil contaminants, given the circumstances of GWL recovery, has a negative effect on groundwater quality. An appropriate groundwater management scheme is therefore urgently required to achieve an optimal balance between GWL recovery and groundwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongge Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoshu Hou
- Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Zhiping Li
- Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing, 100195, China
| | - Peng Li
- Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing, 100195, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Beijing Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Beijing, 100195, China
| | - Bowei Yu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Miao Li
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Wang K, Wang C, Chen M, Misselbrook T, Kuzyakov Y, Soromotin A, Dong Q, Feng H, Jiang R. Effects of plastic film mulch biodegradability on nitrogen in the plant-soil system. Sci Total Environ 2022; 833:155220. [PMID: 35427606 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The application of biodegradable film mulching (BFM) instead of non-biodegradable film mulching (NBFM) is a promising way to mitigate the negative impacts of residual film in agricultural mulching systems. But the effects of BFM on soil mineral nitrogen (N) are not known. To investigate the effects of BFM on N mineralization, nitrate (NO3-) accumulation and leaching, and plant N uptake, we conducted two-year field experiment with five treatments: no-mulching (No-M), white non-biodegradable film mulching (White-NotBioM), black non-biodegradable film mulching (Black-NotBioM), white biodegradable film mulching (White-BioM), and black biodegradable film mulching (Black-BioM). The net N mineralization in NBFM was greater than that in BFM due to the disintegration of biodegradable films in the middle and late stages of maize growth, resulting in a decrease in soil water content under BFM. Higher net N mineralization caused a higher NO3- accumulation in the topsoil (0-20 cm) under NBFM. The NO3- accumulation in the topsoil in Black-NotBioM was 23-88% higher than that in Black-BioM; while in White-NotBioM it was 16-63% higher than that in White-BioM. After two years of cropping, the NO3- accumulation in 100-180 cm (defined as N leaching in deep layers, NLD) in NBFM was 52-63% higher than that in BFM, implying that the higher NO3- accumulation in the topsoil in NBFM caused more N leaching. The yields and plant N uptake were similar between NBFM and BFM, but BFM had higher N harvest index values. Compared with NBFM, BFM showed less NO3- accumulation in the topsoil and less NLD, whereas yield, plant N uptake and net economic benefits were not reduced. Therefore, BFM, especially Black-BioM, could be an alternative to NBFM in maize production on the Loess Plateau. However, the higher N accumulation in root soil layer (0-100 cm) under Black-BioM should be accounted for in N fertilizer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengqiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tom Misselbrook
- Department of Sustainable Agricultural Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Goettingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Soromotin
- Tyumen State University, 6 Volodarskogo Street, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Qinge Dong
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Bai X, Jiang Y, Miao H, Xue S, Chen Z, Zhou J. Intensive vegetable production results in high nitrate accumulation in deep soil profiles in China. Environ Pollut 2021; 287:117598. [PMID: 34147777 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the patterns and controlling factors of nitrate accumulation in intensive vegetable production is essential to solve this problem. For the first time, the national patterns and controlling factors of nitrate accumulation in soil of vegetable systems in China were analysed by compiling 1262 observations from 117 published articles. The results revealed that the nitrate accumulation at 0-100 cm, 100-200 cm, 200-300 cm, and >300 cm were 504, 390, 349, and 244 kg N ha-1, with accumulation rates of 62, 54, 19, and 16 kg N ha-1 yr-1 for plastic greenhouse vegetables (PG); for open field vegetables (OF), they were 264, 217, 228, and 242 kg N ha-1 with accumulation rates of 26, 24, 18, and 10 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Nitrate accumulation at 0-100 cm, 0-200 cm, and 0-400 cm accounted for 5%, 11%, and 17% of accumulated nitrogen (N) inputs for PG, and represented 4%, 9%, and 13% of accumulated N inputs for OF. Nitrogen input rates and soil pH had positive effects and soil organic carbon, water input rate, and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) had negative effects on nitrate accumulation in root zone (0-100 cm soil). Nitrate accumulation in deep vadose zone (>100 cm soil) was positively correlated with N and water input rates, and was negatively correlated with soil organic carbon, C/N, and the clay content. Thus, for a given vegetable soil with relatively stable soil pH and soil clay content, reducing N and water inputs, and increasing soil organic carbon and C/N are effective measures to control nitrate accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Bai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hongzhi Miao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shaoqi Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhujun Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Elrys AS, Abo El-Maati MF, Abdel-Hamed EMW, Arnaout SMAI, El-Tarabily KA, Desoky ESM. Mitigate nitrate contamination in potato tubers and increase nitrogen recovery by combining dicyandiamide, moringa oil and zeolite with nitrogen fertilizer. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 209:111839. [PMID: 33385682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Potato is considered a nitrogen (N) intensive plant with a low N use efficiency (NUE). The current study introduced an excellent approach by combining dicyandiamide (DCD), moringa seed oil (MSO), or zeolite (ZE), with N fertilizer for maximizing potato tuber yields and NUE as well as minimizing tubers nitrate (NO3-) accumulation. The impact of these materials on soil N availability and gaseous emissions (NH3, and N2O) was investigated under incubation conditions. A 2-year field experiment were carried out with seven treatments [without N (control), N fertilizer (350 kg N-urea ha-1 as a recommended dose; UreaRD), 75% of N recommended dose with DCD (Urea75%RD+DCD), Urea75%RD with 2% MSO (Urea75%RD+MSO2%), Urea75%RD with 4% MSO (Urea75%RD+MSO4%), Urea75%RD with 0.5 Mg ZE ha-1 (Urea75%RD+ZER1), and Urea75%RD with 1.0 Mg ZE ha-1 (Urea 75%RD+ZER2)]. We also conducted a 40-days incubation trial with the same treatments; however, urea was added at the rate of 200 mg N kg-1 soil for all treatments, excluding the control. The addition of DCD, MSO, and ZE with urea under incubation conditions delayed the nitrification process, thereby causing a rise in NH4+-N content and a decrease in NO3--N content. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was inhibited (p ≤ 0.01) in treatments Urea+DCD, Urea+MSO4%, and Urea+ZER2. The highest NUE indexes were recorded in treatment Urea75%RD+DCD. The highest NO3- accumulation (567 mg NO3- kg-1) in potato tubers was recorded in treatment UreaRD. Whilest, the lowest NO3- content (81 mg NO3- kg-1) was in treatment Urea75%RD+DCD. The lowest cumulative N2O emissions and highest cumulative NH3 volatilization were observed in the treatment Urea+DCD under incubation conditions. Our findings demonstrated that N fertilizer rate could be reduced by 25%, while the tuber yields increased with an acceptable limit of NO3- content, resulting in economical, agronomical, and environmental benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mohamed F Abo El-Maati
- Agriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Safaa M A I Arnaout
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia.
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
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9
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Ahmed M, Rauf M, Akhtar M, Mukhtar Z, Saeed NA. Hazards of nitrogen fertilizers and ways to reduce nitrate accumulation in crop plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:17661-17670. [PMID: 32180142 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08236-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In modern agriculture, farm produce accumulates a lot of nitrates that can reach toxic levels owing to the unfair use of nitrogen fertilizers, cultural methods, farming policies in multiple areas of the world, thereby increasing concerns about the availability of hygienic food supply and environmental hazards. Over the past few decades, global interest in achieving greater output through intensive fertilization has been a growing trend. The fertilizer based on urea or ammonium mainly yields ammonium, which is then transformed to nitrate through the oxidation process that is biologically mediated. Nitrate tends to accumulate differently in distinct crop plants and distinct components of agricultural commodities based on species, crop variety, genetic history, environmental circumstances, harvest phase, post-harvest storage conditions, agronomic variables, nature, and fertilizer application rate. The current article highlights various factors that could directly or indirectly contribute to the accumulation of nitrates in different parts of crop plants and discusses strategies to minimize the accumulation of nitrates in farm produce, thus ensuring healthy food supply and protecting the environment from the accumulation of nitrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moddassir Ahmed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea.
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mukhtar
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmad Saeed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P.O. Box No. 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
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10
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Zheng W, Wang S, Tan K, Lei Y. Nitrate accumulation and leaching potential is controlled by land-use and extreme precipitation in a headwater catchment in the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ 2020; 707:136168. [PMID: 31869618 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate in groundwater is increasing in hilly areas of the world due to diverse land-uses and intensified anthropogenic activity. However, the key factors that control nitrate in groundwater as it leaches through the thin vadose zone are still poorly understood. In this study, the behavior of nitrate in the vadose zone during a normal year (2015) and a wet year (2016) were investigated in a cultivated farmland (FL) under wheat-maize double cropping and a field of natural vegetation (NV) in a headwater region of the Taihang Mountain. Water chemistry and N balances were quantified to estimate the accumulation and leaching of nitrate. Transport and fate of nitrate in the vadose zone were identified using stable isotopes of nitrate (δ18O-NO3-, δ15N-NO3-). Accumulation of NO3- was mainly in the shallow layer (0-50 cm) under both NV and FL in 2015. After large rain events (20-50 mm/day) during the rainy season in 2015, the leaching rates of NO3- at NV and FL sites were 86.04 and 9.61 kg/hm2, respectively. The accumulation of NO3- decreased 30% and 7% at NV and FL, respectively. However, the leaching rates of NO3- were 63.8 and 22.63 kg/hm2, and the accumulation of NO3- decreased 84% and 43% at NV and FL after extreme precipitation in 2016, respectively. Additionally, nitrate isotopes indicated that the different sources of nitrate in soil water were due to the land-use. However, nitrate isotopes showed that increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater at two sites in 2016 were due to the extreme precipitation. Accumulated high nitrate in surface soil in a normal year and leaching after extreme precipitation lead to increased nitrate concentration in groundwater, which poses a major threat in the future. The results are critical for informing land-use and water management when mitigating groundwater contamination in hilly area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Kangda Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuping Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
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11
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Li W, Zhuang JL, Zhou YY, Meng FG, Kang D, Zheng P, Shapleigh JP, Liu YD. Metagenomics reveals microbial community differences lead to differential nitrate production in anammox reactors with differing nitrogen loading rates. Water Res 2020; 169:115279. [PMID: 31734392 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate production during anammox can decrease total nitrogen removal efficiency, which will negatively impact its usefulness for the removal of nitrogen from waste streams. However, neither the performance characteristics nor physiological shifts associated with nitrate accumulation in anammox reactors under different nitrogen loading rates (NLRs) is well understood. Consequently, these parameters were studied in a lower NLR anammox reactor, termed R1, producing higher than expected levels of nitrate and compared with a higher NLR reactor, termed R2, showing no excess nitrate production. While both reactors showed high NH4+-N removal efficiencies (>90%), the total nitrogen removal efficiency (<60%) was much lower in R1 due to higher nitrate production. Metagenomic analysis found that the number of reads derived from anammox bacteria were significantly higher in R2. Another notable trend in reads occurrence was the relatively higher levels of reads from genes predicted to be nitrite oxidoreductases (nxr) in R1. Binning yielded 27 high quality draft genomes from the two reactors. Analysis of bin occurrence found that R1 showing both a decrease in anammox bacteria and an unexpected increase in nxr. In-situ assays confirmed that R1 had higher rates of nitrite oxidation to nitrate and suggested that it was not solely due to obligate NOB, but other nxr-containing bacteria are important contributors as well. Our results demonstrate that nitrate accumulation can be a serious operational concern for the application of anammox technology to low-strength wastewater treatment and provide insight into the community changes leading to this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Long Zhuang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan-Gang Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangdong, China
| | - Da Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yong-di Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Elrys AS, Desoky ESM, Abo El-Maati MF, Elnahal AS, Abdo AI, Raza S, Zhou J. Can secondary metabolites extracted from Moringa seeds suppress ammonia oxidizers to increase nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrate contamination in potato tubers? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 185:109689. [PMID: 31550566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification inhibition as an alleviation tool to decrease nitrogen (N) losses and increase N use efficiency (NUE) as well as reducing NO3- accumulation in plants is a promising technology. No study thus far has directly or indirectly to use the secondary metabolites extracted from Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) seeds as nitrification inhibitors. Moringa seed extract (MSE) was studied based on its content of phenolic compounds (PC) and for its antioxidant characteristic. A 2-year field experiment and 30-day incubation experiment were conducted with three treatments of control (CK), N fertilizer (300 kg N ha-1 and 200 mg N kg-1 soil for the field and incubation experiment, respectively), and N fertilizer with MSE (500 ppm as a TPC) to investigate the responses of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to MSE and the consequences for NUE and NO3- accumulation in potato tubers. Total phenolics amount was 144 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 MSE, while flavonoid contents were 76.6 quercetin equivalent g-1 MSE. MSE showed antioxidant activity that was comparable to the standard antioxidants TBHQ and gallic acid. MSE application with N fertilizer retarded the nitrification process, as indicated by a higher NH4+-N and lower NO3--N content, compared with N fertilizer application alone. NH4+-N content reduced to initial CK level on Day 20 under N fertilizer application alone. However, NH4+-N content decreased to initial control level on Day 30 when MSE was applied. The mechanisms resulted from curbing AOB growth by phenolic compounds (TPC, TF, TAC), leading to a delay in nitrification process. AOB increased significantly when N fertilizer was applied alone; on the contrary, AOA was not sensitive to N fertilizer (with and without MSE). Increase in NUE from 37.5% to 66.3% in potato plants under MSE application with N fertilizer was also observed compared with N fertilizer application alone. The highest NO3- accumulation (569 mg NO3- kg-1) in tubers was recorded under N fertilizer application without MSE. MSE application significantly decreased NO3- accumulation (92 mg NO3- kg-1) in tubers which is lower than the maximum value of accepting tubers (200 mg NO3- kg-1). The highest average of N uptake, fresh and dry weight, carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and nitrate reductase activity was recorded when MSE was applied with N fertilizer. Accordingly, using of Moringa extracted secondary metabolites to suppress AOB growth in the soil is a significant strategy to reduce nitrification rate and N loss from soils, and therefore increase NUE as well as reducing NO3- accumulation in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Abo El-Maati
- Agriculture Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Elnahal
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, People's Republic of China; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abdo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sajjad Raza
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Jia X, Zhu Y, Huang L, Wei X, Fang Y, Wu L, Binley A, Shao M. Mineral N stock and nitrate accumulation in the 50 to 200m profile on the Loess Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2018; 633:999-1006. [PMID: 29758921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) stored in deep profiles is important in assessing regional and/or global N stocks and nitrate leaching risk to groundwater. The Chinese Loess Plateau, which is characterized by significantly thick loess deposits, potentially stores immense stocks of mineral N, posing future threats to groundwater quality. In order to determine the vertical distributions of nitrate and ammonium content in the region, as well as to characterize the potential accumulation of nitrate in the deep loess profile, we study loess samples collected at five sites (Yangling, Changwu, Fuxian, An'sai and Shenmu) through a 50 to 200m loess profile. The estimated storage of mineral N varied significantly among the five sites, ranging from 0.46 to 2.43×104kgNha-1. Ammonium exhibited fluctuations and dominated mineral N stocks within the whole profile at the sites, except for the upper 20-30m at Yangling and Changwu. Measured nitrate content in the entire profile at Fuxian, An'sai and Shenmu is low, but significant accumulations were observed to 30-50m depth at the other two sites. Analysis of δ15N and δ18O of nitrate indicates different causes for accumulated nitrate at these two sites. Mineralization and nitrification of manure and organic N respectively contribute nitrate to the 0-12 and 12-30m profile at Changwu; while nitrification of NH4+ fertilizer, NO3- fertilizer and nitrification of organic N control the nitrate distribution in the 0-3, 3-7 and 7-10m layer at Yangling, respectively. Furthermore, our analysis illustrates the low denitrification potential in the lower part of the vadose zone. The accumulated nitrate introduced by human activities is thus mainly distributed in the upper vadose zone (above 30m), indicating, currently, a low nitrate leaching risk to groundwater due to a high storage capacity of the thick vadose zone in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuanjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Laiming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaorong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lianhai Wu
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Andrew Binley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Mingan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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14
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Yao Z, Zhang D, Yao P, Zhao N, Li Y, Zhang S, Zhai B, Huang D, Ma A, Zuo Y, Cao W, Gao Y. Optimizing the synthetic nitrogen rate to balance residual nitrate and crop yield in a leguminous green-manured wheat cropping system. Sci Total Environ 2018; 631-632:1234-1242. [PMID: 29727948 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate that originates from agriculture is linked to a series of deleterious environmental consequences that are closely related to human health. Therefore, it is vital to design cropping systems that can produce acceptable crop yields while minimizing the impact of surplus soil nitrate. To develop quantitative estimations, data from 2008 to 2016 were evaluated using multiple regression models. A split-plot field experiment was conducted, with the main treatments of growing Huai bean, soybean and mung bean in summer as leguminous green manure (LGM) while fallow as the control. Four synthetic N rates (0, 108, 135 and 162kgha-1) were applied as sub-treatments at wheat seeding. The N accumulation for LGMs ranged from 61 to 90kgha-1, and that of Huai bean was 46% higher than the average value of soybean and mung bean (P<0.05). The threshold of total N for wheat to produce the highest yields was 141kgha-1. For the LGM treatments, residual nitrate accumulated below the root-zone soil was not significantly increased even when their total N inputs were higher than that of fallow with 162kgha-1 of synthetic N. The estimated nitrate-holding capacity of the root-zone soil for the LGM treatments ranged from 104 to 117kgha-1, and the corresponding synthetic N limits were 97-130kgha-1. Considering the target of producing high wheat yields while keeping the residual nitrate in the root-zone soil, the optimal synthetic N rates for LGM treatments were 52-80kgha-1. In conclusion, growing LGMs can maintain high crop yield and mitigate the environmental impact of residual nitrate by substantially replacing the synthetic N to avoid nitrate leaching to deeper soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dabin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengwei Yao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Bayannaoer Academy of Agricultural and Animal Sciences, 015000 Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Suiqi Zhang
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingnian Zhai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Donglin Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aisheng Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Zuo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weidong Cao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yajun Gao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhang L, Wang B, Liu W, Ma S, Peng Y. Restoration of real sewage partial nitritation-anammox process from nitrate accumulation using free nitrous acid treatment. Bioresour Technol 2018; 251:341-349. [PMID: 29291531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study presented a strategy for recovering partial nitritation-anammox (PN/A) of real sewage from nitrate accumulation using free nitrous acid (FNA) treatment. Sewage PN/A was successfully achieved in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor but effluent nitrate gradually increased. For recovering the system performance, flocculent sludge of the reactor was collected and treated with FNA of 1.35 mg/L for 24 h. After FNA treatment, effluent nitrate decreased from 17.6 to 6.1 mg/L with an increase of total nitrogen removal efficiency from 29.1% to 63.1% within 32 days. The improvement of nitrogen removal was mainly due to the selective suppression of FNA on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Its relative abundance decreased from 0.32% to 0.08% and the activity declined from 9.05 to 2.42 mg N/(g MLSS·h). Meanwhile, ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria were barely affected. Overall, IFAS reactor combined with FNA treatment potentially provided a promising technology for stable operation of one-stage sewage PN/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wenlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shuqing Ma
- Beijing Drainage Group Co. Ltd (BDG), Beijing 100022, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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16
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Elrys AS, Abdo AIE, Desoky ESM. Potato tubers contamination with nitrate under the influence of nitrogen fertilizers and spray with molybdenum and salicylic acid. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:7076-7089. [PMID: 29275479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A field trial was conducted through 2015 and 2016 growing seasons to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer sources and foliar spray with molybdenum (Mo), salicylic acid (SA) and their combination on tubers yield, some chemical constituents, nutrients uptake, nitrate accumulation and nitrate reductase activity in potato tubers. N source was added at a rate of 350 kg N ha-1in five equal doses as two different forms, the first is urea and the second is ammonium sulfate plus calcium nitrate equally. SA was sprayed with three rates of 0, 75 and 150 mg l-1. Also, Mo as ammonium molybdate was sprayed using three rates 0, 50 and 100 mg l-1Mo. Both treatments of SA and Mo were applied separately as well as with each other, at three successive times 30, 50 and 70 days after planting of potato plants. Results indicated that the addition of 350 kg N ha-1 as ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate equally caused a significant elevation (P > 0.05) in fresh weight, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, chlorophyll a, nitrate reductase activity, dry weight and NPK uptake by potato tubers compared with the same amount of nitrogen in the form of urea only. All the aforementioned characteristics were improved with increasing concentration of Mo and/or SA. The highest accumulation of nitrate was recorded under the addition of 350 kg N ha-1 as urea alone. The highest average of all the aforementioned characteristics was observed at the treatment of 350 kg N ha-1 as ammonium sulfate and calcium nitrate equally plus spraying with 100 mg l-1Mo and 150 mg l-1 SA. In contrast, this treatment gave the lowest accumulation of nitrates in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Elrys
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed I E Abdo
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M Desoky
- Agriculture Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Worland B, Robinson N, Jordan D, Schmidt S, Godwin I. Post-anthesis nitrate uptake is critical to yield and grain protein content in Sorghum bicolor. J Plant Physiol 2017; 216:118-124. [PMID: 28609668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crops only use ∼50% of applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer creating N losses and pollution. Plants need to efficiently uptake and utilize N to meet growing global food demands. Here we investigate how the supply and timing of nitrate affects N status and yield in Sorghum bicolor (sorghum). Sorghum was grown in pots with either 10mM (High) or 1mM (Low) nitrate supply. Shortly before anthesis the nitrate supply was either maintained, increased 10-fold or eliminated. Leaf sheaths of sorghum grown with High nitrate accumulated nitrate in concentrations >3-times higher than leaves. Removal of nitrate supply pre-anthesis resulted in the rapid reduction of stored nitrate in all organs. Plants receiving a 10-fold increase in nitrate supply pre-anthesis achieved similar grain yield and protein content and 29% larger grains than those maintained on High nitrate, despite receiving 24% less nitrate over the whole growth period. In sorghum, plant available N is important throughout development, particularly anthesis and grain filling, for grain yield and grain protein content. Nitrate accumulation in leaf sheaths presents opportunities for the genetic analysis of mechanisms behind nitrate storage and remobilization in sorghum to improve N use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Worland
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Nicole Robinson
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (DAF), Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian Godwin
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia
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18
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Miao Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Peng Y, Li B, Wang S, Zhang Q. Start-up of single-stage partial nitrification-anammox process treating low-strength swage and its restoration from nitrate accumulation. Bioresour Technol 2016; 218:771-779. [PMID: 27423544 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A single-stage partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) reactor treating low-strength swage was operated for 288days to investigate the recovery of nitrogen removal from nitrate accumulation. The reactor was quickly started up by inoculating anammox sludge. However, nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) abundance gradually increased on day 25, leading to high effluent nitrate concentration. Two strategies were executed to control the effluent nitrate. In strategy I, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was kept low (0.17±0.08mg/L), but nitrate production increased from 4.71 to 38.18mg-N/L. In strategy II, intermittent aeration operation mode (aeration 7min/anoxic 21min) was adopted, which significantly lowered the nitrate concentration to 1.3mg-N/L, indicating the NOB was inhibited. The high nitrogen removal rate of 73mg-N/(L·d) was achieved. The evolution of bacterial activity and abundance verified the changes of the nitrogen removal performance and proved the intermittent aeration strategy could successfully solve the problem of nitrate build-up in the PN/A process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yandong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Baikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Shuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
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Kovács B, Puskás-Preszner A, Huzsvai L, Lévai L, Bódi É. Effect of molybdenum treatment on molybdenum concentration and nitrate reduction in maize seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 2015; 96:38-44. [PMID: 26226599 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Since 1940 molybdenum has been known as an essential trace element in plant nutrition and physiology. It has a central role in nitrogen metabolism, and its deficiency leads to nitrate accumulation in plants. In this study, we cultivated maize seedlings (Zea mays L. cv. Norma SC) in nutrient solution and soil (rhizoboxes) to investigate the effect of molybdenum treatment on the absorption of molybdenum, sulfur and iron. These elements have been previously shown to play important roles in nitrate reduction, because they are necessary for the function of the nitrate reductase enzyme. We also investigated the relationship between molybdenum treatments and different nitrogen forms in maize. Molybdenum treatments were 0, 0.96, 9.6 and 96 μg kg(-1) in the nutrition solution experiments, and 0, 30, 90, 270 mg kg(-1) in the rhizobox experiments. On the basis of our results, the increased Mo level produced higher plant available Mo concentration in nutrient solution and in soil, which resulted increased concentration of Mo in shoots and roots of maize seedlings. In addition it was observed that maize seedlings accumulated more molybdenum in their roots than in their shoots at all treatments. In contrast, molybdenum treatments did not affect significantly either iron or sulfur concentrations in the plant, even if these elements (Mo, S and Fe) play alike important roles in nitrogen metabolism. Furthermore, the physiological molybdenum level (1× Mo = 0.01 μM) reduced NO3-N and enhanced the NH4-N concentrations in seedlings, suggesting that nitrate reduction was more intense under a well-balanced molybdenum supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Kovács
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, Hungary.
| | - Anita Puskás-Preszner
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, Hungary
| | - László Huzsvai
- Institute of Economic Analysis and Statistics, Faculty of Applied Economics and Rural Development, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, Hungary
| | - László Lévai
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Division of Agricultural Botany, Crop Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, Hungary
| | - Éva Bódi
- Institute of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, Hungary
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