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Divyashri G, Karthik P, Murthy TPK, Priyadarshini D, Reddy KR, Raghu AV, Vaidyanathan VK. Non-digestible oligosaccharides-based prebiotics to ameliorate obesity: Overview of experimental evidence and future perspectives. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1993-2011. [PMID: 37860742 PMCID: PMC10581984 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse populations reportedly suffer from obesity on a global scale, and inconclusive evidence has indicated that both environmental and genetic factors are associated with obesity development. Therefore, a need exists to examine potential therapeutic or prophylactic molecules for obesity treatment. Prebiotics with non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have the potential to treat obesity. A limited number of prebiotic NDOs have demonstrated their ability as a convincing therapeutic solution to encounter obesity through various mechanisms, viz., stimulating beneficial microorganisms, reducing the population of pathogenic microorganisms, and also improving lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. NDOs include pectic-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides and other oligosaccharides which significantly influence the overall human health by different mechanisms. This review provides the treatment of obesity benefits by incorporating these prebiotic NDOs, according to established scientific research, which shows their good effects extend beyond the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Divyashri
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Pothiyappan Karthik
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641 021 India
| | - T. P. Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Dey Priyadarshini
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anjanapura V. Raghu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE (Deemed-to-Be University), Vijayapura, 586103 Karnataka India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), 603 203 Kattankulathur, India
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Rana M, Jassal S, Yadav R, Sharma A, Puri N, Mazumder K, Gupta N. Functional β-mannooligosaccharides: Sources, enzymatic production and application as prebiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37335120 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2222165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the emerging non-digestible oligosaccharide prebiotics is β-mannooligosaccharides (β-MOS). β-MOS are β-mannan derived oligosaccharides, they are selectively fermented by gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms (probiotics), whereas the growth of enteric pathogens remains unaffected or gets inhibited in their presence, along with production of metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. β-MOS also exhibit several other bioactive properties and health-promoting effects. Production of β-MOS using the enzymes such as β-mannanases is the most effective and eco-friendly approach. For the application of β-MOS on a large scale, their production needs to be standardized using low-cost substrates, efficient enzymes and optimization of the production conditions. Moreover, for their application, detailed in-vivo and clinical studies are required. For this, a thorough information of various studies in this regard is needed. The current review provides a comprehensive account of the enzymatic production of β-MOS along with an evaluation of their prebiotic and other bioactive properties. Their characterization, structural-functional relationship and in-vivo studies have also been summarized. Research gaps and future prospects have also been discussed, which will help in conducting further research for the commercialization of β-MOS as prebiotics, functional food ingredients and therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rana
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunena Jassal
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Richa Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupama Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Puri
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Guru Nanak Khalsa College, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India
| | - Koushik Mazumder
- Food & Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Zeng M, Li N, Astmann T, Oh JH, van Pijkeren JP, Pan X. Facile and efficient chemical synthesis of gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) with diverse glycosidic linkages as potential prebiotics to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112436. [PMID: 36869469 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-based short-chain oligosaccharides (gluco-oligosaccharides, GlcOS) have been established as functional food ingredients with health-promoting properties. Currently, GlcOS (e.g., isomalto-oligosaccharides, IMOs) are commercially produced via enzymatic processes, which face the challenges of low yield and high cost. Therefore, developing efficient technologies for large-scale production of prebiotic GlcOS is highly desirable. Herein, a facile chemical process was developed to synthesize GlcOS as potential prebiotics via enhanced dehydration condensation of glucose in concentrated sulfuric acid (60-92 %). The maximum GlcOS yield of 83 % was achieved under the optimal condition of 50 % initial glucose loading, 76 % H2SO4, 70 °C, and 20 min. Structural analysis revealed that the synthesized GlcOS are mainly short-chain oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) between 2 and 4 (46 % DP 2, 22 % DP 3, 12 % DP 4) and a small percentage of larger oligosaccharides (DP 5-9), which are linked by predominantly α- and β-(1→6) linkages along with (1→4), (1→ 3), (1→2), and (1↔1) linkages. In vitro fermentation experiments by probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum ATCC 29521, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis DSM 10140, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri ATCC 6475 indicated that the GlcOS can be utilized as a carbon source for bacterial growth, and their promotion effect was overall comparable to three commercial prebiotic IMOs. GlcOS were also successfully synthesized from maltose and cellobiose with similar yield and structures to those from glucose, implying the possibility of synthesizing the prebiotic GlcOS directly from inexpensive starch and cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Zeng
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Theresa Astmann
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jee-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Del Fabbro S, Calder PC, Childs CE. Microbiota-independent immunological effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-11. [PMID: 32345388 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to review the effects of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) on immunity, focusing on their microbiota-independent mechanisms of action, as well as to explore their potential beneficial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD are chronic, inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Individuals with IBD have an aberrant immune response to commensal microbiota, resulting in extensive mucosal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. NDO are prebiotic fibres well known for their role in supporting intestinal health through modulation of the gut microbiota. NDO reach the colon intact and are fermented by commensal bacteria, resulting in the production of SCFA with immunomodulatory properties. In disease states characterised by increased gut permeability, prebiotics may also bypass the gut barrier and directly interact with intestinal and systemic immune cells, as demonstrated in patients with IBD and in infants with an immature gut. In vitro models show that fructooligosaccharides, inulin and galactooligosaccharides exert microbiota-independent effects on immunity by binding to toll-like receptors on monocytes, macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells and by modulating cytokine production and immune cell maturation. Moreover, animal models and human supplementation studies demonstrate that some prebiotics, including inulin and lactulose, might reduce intestinal inflammation and IBD symptoms. Although there are convincing preliminary data to support NDO as immunomodulators in the management of IBD, their mechanisms of action are still unclear and larger standardised studies need to be performed using a wider range of prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Del Fabbro
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Caroline E Childs
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Song JY, Kim YM, Lee BH, Yoo SH. Increasing the dietary fiber contents in isomaltooligosaccharides by dextransucrase reaction with sucrose as a glucosyl donor. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 230:115607. [PMID: 31887903 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs) have been widely used as alternative sweeteners owing to their stabilities, low calorigenic, and prebiotic properties. The aim of this research was to improve the functionality of conventionally produced IMOs by increasing dietary fiber (DF) content with newly synthesized α-(1,6)-linkages through the dextransucrase reaction. To optimize the reaction conditions, various combinations of IMO and sucrose concentrations were applied as acceptor and donor molecules, respectively. Soluble DF content in the enzymatically-modified IMOs increased significantly with the initial substrate mixture of 10 % sucrose and 20 % IMOs; both DF and IMO contents increased to 35 % and 54 %, respectively. It was clearly suggested a simple dextransucrase-involved bioprocess could be applied to increase the DF content to the IMOs produced via a conventional process without scarifying the original IMO contents. Thus, it will be expected that the DF-enhanced IMO products are potentially applicable as functional ingredients as sugar substitutes in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Song
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoo Lee
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Yoo
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Kondo T, Saigo S, Ugawa S, Kato M, Yoshikawa Y, Miyoshi N, Tanabe K. Prebiotic effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on the inner ear of DBA/2 J mice with early-onset progressive hearing loss. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 75:108247. [PMID: 31707282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and dietary habits contribute to the onset and progression of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are non-digestible oligosaccharides and are known as prebiotics, which enhance short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and antioxidant activity. Although a substantial number of studies have shown that FOS play a role in the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases as prebiotics, little is known about the effects on the inner ear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of FOS on gene expression and spiral ganglion neuron (SGN) protection in the inner ear of DBA/2 J mice, which is a model for early-onset progressive hearing loss. DBA/2 J mice were fed either control diet or FOS diet contained 10% (w/w) of FOS for 8 weeks. Analysis of mice fed the FOS diet revealed a change in intestinal flora including an inversion of the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which was followed by a significant increase in SCFAs in the cecum and a decrease in an oxidative stress marker in the serum. In the inner ear, gene expression of neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor, tyrosine kinase receptor b (Trkb), and the SCFA receptor, free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3), were increased by FOS. In addition, the survival rate of SGNs in the inner ear was maintained in FOS-fed mice. Altogether, these results suggest that a compositional variation of the intestinal flora due to a prebiotic effect may be involved in the progression of SNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kondo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
| | - Saori Saigo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
| | - Shinya Ugawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 1Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Mai Kato
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuto Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Tanabe
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40 Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8610, Japan.
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Wagenaar L, van Roest M, Kruijssen LJW, Simons PJ, Boon L, Vonk MM, van Esch BCAM, Knippels LMJ, Garssen J, Pieters RHH, Smit JJ. Non-digestible oligosaccharides scFOS/lcFOS facilitate safe subcutaneous immunotherapy for peanut allergy. Clin Mol Allergy 2019; 17:7. [PMID: 30988664 PMCID: PMC6448225 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-019-0111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving the safety of subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) for food allergy is necessary to reduce side effects and achieve long-term tolerance. We determined the effect of dietary supplementation with 1% non-digestible short- and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (scFOS/lcFOS) on safety and efficacy of SCIT using a peanut allergy mouse model. METHODS After sensitization, mice received a scFOS/lcFOS or control diet for the rest of the study. To study safety of SCIT, mice were dosed with a single subcutaneous injection of peanut extract (PE) or PBS. To study efficacy, mice were dosed subcutaneously (SCIT, 3 times/week) with PE or PBS for 3 weeks. Hereafter, acute allergic skin responses, anaphylactic shock symptoms and body temperature were assessed. To study the mechanism in vitro, the human IgE receptor (FcεRI)-transfected rat mast cell (RBL) line was sensitized with an oligoclonal pool of chimeric human (chu)IgE antibodies against bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and incubated with the oligosaccharides before exposure to BLG to assess direct the effect on degranulation. RESULTS scFOS/lcFOS reduced anaphylaxis caused by a single PE SCIT dose. scFOS/lcFOS alone also reduced the acute allergic skin response. Moreover, scFOS/lcFOS supplementation resulted in lower MMCP-1 levels in serum after PE SCIT dose compared to control diet, while antibody levels were not affected by the diet. In vitro incubation with scFOS/lcFOS at 0.5% suppressed the degranulation of IgE-sensitized RBL cells. However, dietary supplementation with scFOS/lcFOS did not improve the efficacy of SCIT. CONCLUSIONS We show that scFOS/lcFOS diet improves the safety of SCIT, as evidenced by lower anaphylactic responses without compromising the efficacy in a mouse model for peanut allergy. This effect is likely to result from the suppression of mast cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wagenaar
- Department of Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van Roest
- Department of Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. W. Kruijssen
- Department of Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marlotte M. Vonk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon M. J. Knippels
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond H. H. Pieters
- Department of Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost J. Smit
- Department of Immunotoxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Karnaouri A, Matsakas L, Krikigianni E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P. Valorization of waste forest biomass toward the production of cello-oligosaccharides with potential prebiotic activity by utilizing customized enzyme cocktails. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:285. [PMID: 31827613 PMCID: PMC6902470 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of value-added materials from lignocellulosic biomass residues is an emerging sector that has attracted much attention as it offers numerous benefits from an environmental and economical point of view. Non-digestible oligosaccharides represent a group of carbohydrates that are resistant to gastrointestinal digestion, and therefore, they are considered as potential prebiotic candidates. Such oligosaccharides can derive from the biomass cellulose fraction through a controlled enzymatic hydrolysis that eliminates the yield of monomers. RESULTS In the present study, hydrolysis of organosolv-pretreated forest residues (birch and spruce) was tested in the presence of four cellulases (EG5, CBH7, CBH6, EG7) and one accessory enzyme (LPMO). The optimal enzyme combinations were comprised of 20% EG5, 43% CBH7, 22% TtLPMO, 10% PaCbh6a and 5% EG7 in the case of birch and 35% EG5, 45% CBH7, 10% TtLPMO, 10% PaCbh6a and 5% EG7 in the case of spruce, leading to 22.3% and 19.1 wt% cellulose conversion into cellobiose, respectively. Enzymatic hydrolysis was applied on scale-up reactions, and the produced oligosaccharides (consisted of > 90% cellobiose) were recovered and separated from glucose through nanofiltration at optimized temperature (50 °C) and pressure (10 bar) conditions, yielding a final product with cellobiose-to-glucose ratio of 21.1 (birch) and 20.2 (spruce). Cellobiose-rich hydrolysates were tested as fermentative substrates for different lactic acid bacteria. It was shown that they can efficiently stimulate the growth of two Lactobacilli strains. CONCLUSIONS Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis with processive cellulases, combined with product recovery and purification, as well as enzyme recycling can potentially support the sustainable production of food-grade oligosaccharides from forest biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Karnaouri
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Eleni Krikigianni
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Wu RY, Määttänen P, Napper S, Scruten E, Li B, Koike Y, Johnson-Henry KC, Pierro A, Rossi L, Botts SR, Surette MG, Sherman PM. Non-digestible oligosaccharides directly regulate host kinome to modulate host inflammatory responses without alterations in the gut microbiota. Microbiome 2017; 5:135. [PMID: 29017607 PMCID: PMC5635512 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that enhance the growth of certain microbes within the gut microbiota. Prebiotic consumption generates immune-modulatory effects that are traditionally thought to reflect microbial interactions within the gut. However, recent evidence suggests they may also impart direct microbe-independent effects on the host, though the mechanisms of which are currently unclear. METHODS Kinome arrays were used to profile the host intestinal signaling responses to prebiotic exposures in the absence of microbes. Identified pathways were functionally validated in Caco-2Bbe1 intestinal cell line and in vivo model of murine endotoxemia. RESULTS We found that prebiotics directly regulate host mucosal signaling to alter response to bacterial infection. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) exposed to prebiotics are hyporesponsive to pathogen-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activations, and have a kinome profile distinct from non-treated cells pertaining to multiple innate immune signaling pathways. Consistent with this finding, mice orally gavaged with prebiotics showed dampened inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) without alterations in the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide molecular mechanisms of direct host-prebiotic interactions to support prebiotics as potent modulators of host inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y. Wu
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Pekka Määttänen
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Biology Department, Burman University, Lacombe, AB Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Erin Scruten
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Center, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Yuhki Koike
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kathene C. Johnson-Henry
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Agostino Pierro
- Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Steven R. Botts
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Philip M. Sherman
- Cell Biology Program, Research Institute, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Akbari P, Fink-Gremmels J, Willems RHAM, Difilippo E, Schols HA, Schoterman MHC, Garssen J, Braber S. Characterizing microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on intestinal epithelial cells: insight into the role of structure and size : Structure-activity relationships of non-digestible oligosaccharides. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:1919-1930. [PMID: 27295033 PMCID: PMC5534205 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The direct effects of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), including Vivinal® GOS syrup (VGOS) and purified Vivinal® GOS (PGOS), on the epithelial integrity and corresponding interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL8) release were examined in a Caco-2 cell model for intestinal barrier dysfunction. To investigate structure-activity relationships, the effects of individual DP fractions of VGOS were evaluated. Moreover, the obtained results with GOS were compared with Caco-2 monolayers incubated with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. METHODS Caco-2 monolayers were pretreated (24 h) with or without specific oligosaccharides or DP fractions of VGOS (DP2 to DP6) before being exposed for 12 or 24 h to the fungal toxin deoxynivalenol (DON). Transepithelial electrical resistance and lucifer yellow permeability were measured to investigate barrier integrity. A calcium switch assay was used to study the reassembly of tight junction proteins. Release of CXCL8, a typical marker for inflammation, was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS In comparison with PGOS, FOS and inulin, VGOS showed the most pronounced protective effect on the DON-induced impairment of the monolayer integrity, acceleration of the tight junction reassembly and the subsequent CXCL8 release. DP2 and DP3 in concentrations occurring in VGOS prevented the DON-induced epithelial barrier disruption, which could be related to their high prevalence in VGOS. However, no effects of the separate DP GOS fractions were observed on CXCL8 release. CONCLUSIONS This comparative study demonstrates the direct, microbiota-independent effects of oligosaccharides on the intestinal barrier function and shows the differences between individual galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides. This microbiota-independent effect of oligosaccharides depends on the oligosaccharide structure, DP length and concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Akbari
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna Fink-Gremmels
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne H A M Willems
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabetta Difilippo
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, 6708 WG, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Nutricia Research, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 104, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Tobaruela EDC, Santos ADO, Almeida-Muradian LBD, Araujo EDS, Lajolo FM, Menezes EW. Application of dietary fiber method AOAC 2011.25 in fruit and comparison with AOAC 991.43 method. Food Chem 2016; 238:87-93. [PMID: 28867106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AOAC 2011.25 method enables the quantification of most of the dietary fiber (DF) components according to the definition proposed by Codex Alimentarius. This study aimed to compare the DF content in fruits analyzed by the AOAC 2011.25 and AOAC 991.43 methods. Plums (Prunus salicina), atemoyas (Annona x atemoya), jackfruits (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and mature coconuts (Cocos nucifera) from different Brazilian regions (3 lots/fruit) were analyzed for DF, resistant starch, and fructans contents. The AOAC 2011.25 method was evaluated for precision, accuracy, and linearity in different food matrices and carbohydrate standards. The DF contents of plums, atemoyas, and jackfruits obtained by AOAC 2011.25 was higher than those obtained by AOAC 991.43 due to the presence of fructans. The DF content of mature coconuts obtained by the same methods did not present a significant difference. The AOAC 2011.25 method is recommended for fruits with considerable fructans content because it achieves more accurate values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric de C Tobaruela
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Aline de O Santos
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Ligia B de Almeida-Muradian
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elias da S Araujo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Franco M Lajolo
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil
| | - Elizabete W Menezes
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Food and Nutrition Research Center (NAPAN) - USP, Brazil.
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