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Sahni J, Arshad M, Schake MA, Brooks JR, Yang R, Weinberg PD, Pedrigi RM. Characterizing nuclear morphology and expression of eNOS in vascular endothelial cells subjected to a continuous range of wall shear stress magnitudes and directionality. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105545. [PMID: 36368188 PMCID: PMC10371053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Complex patterns of hemodynamic wall shear stress occur in regions of arterial branching and curvature. Areas within these regions can be highly susceptible to atherosclerosis. Although many studies have characterized the response of vascular endothelial cells to shear stress in a categorical manner, our study herein addresses the need of characterizing endothelial behaviors over a continuous range of shear stress conditions that reflect the extensive variations seen in the vasculature. We evaluated the response of human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers to orbital flow at 120, 250, and 350 revolutions per minute (RPM) for 24 and 72 h. The orbital shaker model uniquely provides a continuous range of shear stress conditions from low and multidirectional at the center of each well of a culture plate to high and unidirectional at the periphery. We found distinct patterns of endothelial nuclear area, nuclear major and minor diameters, nuclear aspect ratio, and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase over this range of shear conditions and relationships were fit with linear and, where appropriate, power functions. Nuclear area was particularly sensitive with increases in the low and multidirectional WSS region that incrementally decreased as WSS became higher in magnitude and more unidirectional over the radius of the cell layers. The patterns of all endothelial behaviors exhibited high correlations (positive and negative) with metrics of shear stress magnitude and directionality that have been shown to strongly associate with atherosclerosis. Our findings demonstrate the exquisite sensitivity of these endothelial behaviors to incremental changes in shear stress magnitude and directionality, and provide critical quantitation of these relationships for predicting the susceptibility of an arterial segment to diseases such as atherosclerosis, particularly within complex flow environments in the vasculature such as around bifurcations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Sahni
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Mehwish Arshad
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Morgan A Schake
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Justin R Brooks
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
| | | | - Ryan M Pedrigi
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA.
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Ikeda K, Oboshi W, Hashimoto Y, Komene T, Yamaguchi Y, Sato S, Maruyama S, Furukawa N, Sakabe N, Nagata K. Characterizing the Effect of Processing Technique and Solution Type on Cytomorphology Using Liquid-Based Cytology. Acta Cytol 2021; 66:55-60. [PMID: 34644702 DOI: 10.1159/000519335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is increasingly used for nongynecologic applications. However, the cytological preparation of LBC specimens is influenced by the processing technique and the preservative used. In this study, the influence of the processing techniques and preservatives on cell morphology was examined mathematically and statistically. METHODS Cytological specimens were prepared using the ThinPrep (TP), SurePath (SP), and AutoSmear methods, with 5 different preservative solutions. The cytoplasmic and nuclear areas of Papanicolaou-stained specimens were measured for all samples. RESULTS The cytoplasmic and nuclear areas were smaller in cells prepared using the 2 LBC methods, compared to that prepared using the AutoSmear method, irrespective of the preservative used. The cytoplasmic and nuclear areas of cells prepared using the SP method were smaller than those of cells prepared using the TP method, irrespective of the preservative used. There were fewer differences among the cytoplasmic areas of cells prepared with different preservative solutions using the TP method; however, the cytoplasmic areas of cells prepared using the SP method changed with the preservative solution used. CONCLUSIONS The most significant difference affecting the cytoplasmic and nuclear areas was the processing technique. The TP method increased the cytoplasmic and nuclear areas, while the methanol-based PreservCyt solution enabled the highest enlargement of the cell. LBC is a superior preparation technique for standardization of the specimens. Our results offer a better understanding of methods suitable for specimen preparation for developing precision AI-based diagnosis in cytology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Ikeda
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Wataru Oboshi
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hashimoto
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Komene
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Shouichi Sato
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Sayumi Maruyama
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nozomi Furukawa
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nanako Sakabe
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kohzo Nagata
- Pathophysiology Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Horimasu Y, Yamaguchi K, Sakamoto S, Masuda T, Miyamoto S, Nakashima T, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N. Quantitative parameters of lymphocyte nuclear morphology in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as novel biomarkers for sarcoidosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:298. [PMID: 34217348 PMCID: PMC8254956 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is one of the fundamental examinations for the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), and lymphocytosis strongly indicates alternative diagnoses rather than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the BALF lymphocytosis is observed in several ILDs. We considered that quantitative evaluation of the BALF lymphocyte nuclear morphology would be useful in the differential diagnosis of ILDs with increased BALF lymphocyte fraction. Results One hundred and twenty-one patients with ILDs having increased BALF lymphocyte fraction were recruited (68 in the development cohort and 53 in the validation cohort). In the development cohort, BALF lymphocyte nuclei in sarcoidosis patients showed significantly smaller areas, shorter perimeters, lower radius ratios, and increased roundness than those of other ILD patients (p < 0.001 for each). Next, the fractions of lymphocytes with small areas, short perimeters, low radius ratios, and increased roundness, which were determined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses-based thresholds, were demonstrated to be higher in sarcoidosis patients than in the other ILD patients (p < 0.001 for each). Furthermore, when we combined size-representing parameters with shape-representing parameters, the fraction of lymphocytes with small and round nuclei showed approximately 0.90 of area under the ROC curve in discriminating sarcoidosis both in the development cohort and the validation cohort. Conclusion This study is the first to demonstrate the usefulness of quantitative parameters of BALF lymphocyte nuclear morphology as novel biomarkers for sarcoidosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-01926-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Ikeda K, Sato S, Chigira H, Shibuki Y, Hiraoka N. Characterizing the Effect of Automated Cell Sorting Solutions on Cytomorphological Changes. Acta Cytol 2019; 64:232-240. [PMID: 31234180 DOI: 10.1159/000500769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liquid-based cytology has become a widely adopted, automated screening system for gynecologic and nongynecologic cytology. Automated screening systems function by distinguishing atypical cells based on their cytoplasmic and nuclear areas, densitometric measurement, and so on. However, the morphological influence of the washing solution has not been fully considered. Here, we examined the morphological effect and temporal change resulting from saving the cytologic samples in various solutions. METHODS Cytologic specimens were obtained from the ascites (AS) of patients with peritoneal cancer. Various solutions of a physiological saline, a Ringer's solution, a low-molecular dextran L injection, VOLUVEN 6% solution, MIXID L injection (ML), RPMI-1640 medium, and horse serum (HS) were added to aliquot sediments. All samples were refrigerated at 4°C, and aliquots were subsequently processed at specific time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days). For all samples, cytoplasmic and nuclear size of the Papanicolaou-stained specimens were measured. RESULTS In terms of cytoplasmic and nuclear areas, samples stored in ML and HS showed no significant difference compared to the AS sample; in contrast, the other samples were significantly larger in both cytoplasmic and nuclear areas than the AS sample. In examining the temporal change among the solutions, we found that the cytoplasms and nuclei became small over the time course for all of the tested solutions. CONCLUSION We showed that cells swell in the solution after 1 h of storage and contract as time progresses. Together, our findings have important implications for how mathematical analysis is applied during the automated screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhide Ikeda
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan,
| | - Shouichi Sato
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Narita, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Chigira
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shibuki
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Hiraoka
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Baek T, Huh J, Kwak H, Park M, Lee H. Image analytic study of nuclear area in mantle cell lymphoma. Korean J Hematol 2010; 45:193-6. [PMID: 21120209 PMCID: PMC2983036 DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2010.45.3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Malignant lymphomas are classified on the basis of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic and molecular biological features. Morphology is considered the most important and basic feature. Lymphomas can be classified as small, medium, or large depending on the cell size, but this criterion tends to be rather subjective. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of an objective approach based on quantitative measurements. Methods Twenty specimens of mantle cell lymphoma and 2 specimens of the tonsil were examined. The nuclear area of 6,401 tumor cells of mantle cell lymphoma and 743 normal mantle cells of reactive tonsils were measured by 3 authors by using a user-controlled image-analyzer. The images of the nuclei were outlined using the spline method and the i-solution software, and the data were assessed using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Results The mean nuclear areas of mantle cell lymphoma cells measured by the 3 authors were 37.9 [7.9] µm2, 37.9 [7.2] µm2, and 38.2 [7.7] µm2 and those of normal mantle cells in reactive tonsil were 28.6 [2.3] µm2, 28.8 [2.0] µm2, and 27.0 [3.0] µm2. There was no statistical difference between the 3 observations of mantle cell lymphoma (P=0.580) and normal tonsils. Conclusion For morphology, nuclear area is considered an important feature in the classification schemes of lymphoma. We showed that nuclear area measurement by using image analyzer can be used as an objective quantitative method. We think that nuclear morphometry may play a significant role in the diagnosis of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwa Baek
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
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