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Kondo AT, Alvarez KCA, Cipolletta ANF, Sakashita AM, Kutner JM. Nucleated red blood cell: a feasible quality parameter of cord blood units. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023:S2531-1379(23)00037-8. [PMID: 36935342 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Umbilical cord blood is an alternative source of hematopoietic progenitor cells for bone marrow transplantation; however, it is associated with a higher graft failure rate. The presence of a high rate of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) seems to be related to a greater capacity for engraftment, although is also associated with fetal distress conditions. We analyzed the correlation of the NRBC with quality parameters and its association with the utilization score of a cord blood unit. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD Data of 3346 units collected in a public cord blood bank from May 2010 to December 2017 were analyzed, retrospectively, to identify factors associated with an increased number of nucleated red blood cells and its correlation with the engraftment capacity measured through total nucleated cells (TNCs) and CD34 positive cells. We also evaluated the utilization score of these units and identified an NRBC cutoff associated with a higher score. RESULTS The median volume collected was 104 mL (42-255), the pre-processing TNC count was 144.77 × 107 (95.46-477.18), the post-processing TNC count was 119.44 × 107 (42.7-477.18), the CD34 count was 4.67 × 106 (0.31-48.01), the NRBC count was 5 (0-202) and the utilization score was 0.0228 (0.00143-0.9740). The NRBC showed a correlation with the collected volume, TNC and CD34 positive cells and a higher utilization score and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the five NRBC/100 leukocytes cutoff that correlates better with the probability of use. No association with pathological conditions and the NRBC rate was observed. CONCLUSIONS The NRBC is a feasible parameter for the screening of the cord blood unit (CBU) and the minimum cutoff of five NRBC/100 leukocytes can be a strategy in conjunction with the TNC to identify better units for cord blood bank sustainability.
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Piggott KD, Maqsood S, Warner CL, Pettitt T, Yang S, Turner J, Soliman A, Norlin C, Lewis L, Bhatia A. Nucleated red blood cells as a biomarker for mortality in neonates following cardiac surgery. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:1048-52. [PMID: 34462029 DOI: 10.1017/S1047951121003577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) are immature red cells that under normal conditions are not present in the peripheral circulation. Several studies have suggested an association between elevated NRBC and poor outcome in critically ill adults and neonates. We sought to determine if elevations in NRBC value following cardiac surgery and following clinical events during the hospital stay can be used as a biomarker to monitor for mortality risk in neonates post-cardiac surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed a retrospective study of 264 neonates who underwent cardiac surgery at Children's Hospital, New Orleans between 2011 and 2020. Variables included mortality and NRBC value were recorded following cardiac surgery and following peri-operative clinical events. The study was approved by LSU Health IRB. Sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with area under the curve (AUC) and logistic regression analysis were performed. RESULTS Thirty-six patients (13.6%) died, of which 32 had an NRBC value ≥10/100 white blood cell (WBC) during hospitalisation. Multi-variable analysis found extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use (OR 10, 95% CI 2.9-33, p=<0.001), NRBC ≥10/100 WBC (OR 16.1, CI 4.1-62.5, p ≤ 0.001) and peak NRBC in the 14-day period post-cardiac surgery (continuous variable, OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.0-1.09, p = 0.03), to be independently associated with mortality. Using a cut-off NRBC value of 10/100 WBC, there was an 88.9% sensitivity and a 90.8% specificity, with ROC curve showing an AUC of 0.9 and 0.914 for peak NRBC value in 14 days post-surgery and entire hospitalisation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS NRBC ≥10/100 WBC post-cardiac surgery is strongly associated with mortality. Additionally, NRBC trend appears to show promise as an accurate biomarker for mortality.
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Wang X, Cho HY, Campbell MR, Panduri V, Coviello S, Caballero MT, Sambandan D, Kleeberger SR, Polack FP, Ofman G, Bell DA. Epigenome-wide association study of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants: results from the discovery-BPD program. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:57. [PMID: 35484630 PMCID: PMC9052529 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a lung disease in premature infants caused by therapeutic oxygen supplemental and characterized by impaired pulmonary development which persists into later life. While advances in neonatal care have improved survival rates of premature infants, cases of BPD have been increasing with limited therapeutic options for prevention and treatment. This study was designed to explore the relationship between gestational age (GA), birth weight, and estimated blood cell-type composition in premature infants and to elucidate early epigenetic biomarkers associated with BPD. Methods Cord blood DNA from preterm neonates that went on to develop BPD (n = 14) or not (non-BPD, n = 93) was applied to Illumina 450 K methylation arrays. Blood cell-type compositions were estimated using DNA methylation profiles. Multivariable robust regression analysis elucidated CpGs associated with BPD risk. cDNA microarray analysis of cord blood RNA identified differentially expressed genes in neonates who later developed BPD. Results The development of BPD and the need for oxygen supplementation were strongly associated with GA (BPD, p < 1.0E−04; O2 supplementation, p < 1.0E−09) and birth weight (BPD, p < 1.0E−02; O2 supplementation, p < 1.0E−07). The estimated nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) percent was negatively associated with birth weight and GA, positively associated with hypomethylation of the tobacco smoke exposure biomarker cg05575921, and high-NRBC blood samples displayed a hypomethylation profile. Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) identified 38 (Bonferroni) and 275 (false discovery rate 1%) differentially methylated CpGs associated with BPD. BPD-associated CpGs in cord blood were enriched for lung maturation and hematopoiesis pathways. Stochastic epigenetic mutation burden at birth was significantly elevated among those who developed BPD (adjusted p = 0.02). Transcriptome changes in cord blood cells reflected cell cycle, development, and pulmonary disorder events in BPD. Conclusions While results must be interpreted with caution because of the small size of this study, NRBC content strongly impacted DNA methylation profiles in preterm cord blood and EWAS analysis revealed potential insights into biological pathways involved in BPD pathogenesis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-022-01272-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuting Wang
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Building 101, MD C3-03, PO Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Hye-Youn Cho
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Building 101, MD C3-03, PO Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Michelle R Campbell
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Building 101, MD C3-03, PO Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Panduri
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Mauricio T Caballero
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deepa Sambandan
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Building 101, MD C3-03, PO Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.,The Golden LEAF Biomanufacturing Training and Education Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Building 101, MD C3-03, PO Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Fernando P Polack
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Gaston Ofman
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Section of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Douglas A Bell
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Building 101, MD C3-03, PO Box 12233, 111 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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Han Y, Huang L, Zhou M, Tan X, Gong S, Zhang Z, Jin T, Fang X, Jia Y, Huang SW. Comparison of transcriptome profiles of nucleated red blood cells in cord blood between preterm and full-term neonates. Hematology 2022; 27:263-273. [PMID: 35192776 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2029255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reactivation of fetal γ-globin expression is an effective strategy for ameliorating the clinical symptoms of β-hemoglobinopathies. However, the mechanism of globin switching, especially the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this process, remains elusive. METHODS We compared the in vivo transcriptome profiles of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) isolated from the umbilical cord blood of preterm and full-term newborns. We collected 75 umbilical cord blood samples and performed qPCR of the candidate genes. RESULTS In this study, we identified 7,166 differentially expressed protein-coding genes, 3,243 differentially expressed lncRNAs, and 79 differentially expressed microRNAs. Our data show that the Fanconi anemia pathway and the H19/let-7/LIN28B axis may be involved in γ- to β-globin gene switching. Moreover, we constructed the hub gene network of the differentially expressed transcription factors. Based on qPCR, we found that BCL11A was differentially expressed based on biological sex. We also confirmed that H19 is differentially expressed and established the H19-related network to reveal the potential regulatory mechanisms. CONCLUSION We present the profiles of the in vivo transcriptome differences of NRBCs between preterm and full-term neonates for the first time, and provide novel research targets for β-hemoglobinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Han
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Zhou
- Obstetrical Department, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangjin Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jin
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Jia
- GENEWIZ Suzhou, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S W Huang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
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Bahr TM, Henry E, O'Brien EA, Christensen RD. Nucleated Red Blood Cell Counts of Neonates Born Emergently 1-4 h after a Maternal Cardiac Arrest. Neonatology 2022; 119:255-259. [PMID: 35045419 DOI: 10.1159/000521043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A high nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count in a newborn infant at birth is sometimes used to imply that fetal hypoxia occurred. However, it is debated whether many hours are required between fetal hypoxia and the appearance of high NRBC or alternatively, whether this can occur very quickly, with fetal hypoxia within minutes to a few hours before birth. We sought relevant information from four unfortunate cases, where during a previously healthy pregnancy, the mother had a sudden cardiac arrest, with cardiopulmonary resuscitation begun at the incident scene and continued through emergent cesarean section delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Bahr
- Obstetric and Neonatal Operations, Department of Neonatology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Erick Henry
- Obstetric and Neonatal Operations, Department of Neonatology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth A O'Brien
- Obstetric and Neonatal Operations, Department of Neonatology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert D Christensen
- Obstetric and Neonatal Operations, Department of Neonatology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Liu SQ, Hou XY, Zhao F, Zhao XG. Nucleated red blood cells participate in myocardial regeneration in the toad Bufo Gargarizan Gargarizan. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1760-1775. [PMID: 34024142 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211013297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart regeneration is negligible in humans and mammals but remarkable in some ectotherms. Humans and mammals lack nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), while ectotherms have sufficient NRBCs. This study used Bufo gargarizan gargarizan, a Chinese toad subspecies, as a model animal to verify our hypothesis that NRBCs participate in myocardial regeneration. NRBC infiltration into myocardium was seen in the healthy toad hearts. Heart needle-injury was used as an enlarged model of physiological cardiomyocyte loss. It recovered quickly and scarlessly. NRBC infiltration increased during the recovery. Transwell assay was done to in vitro explore effects of myocardial injury on NRBCs. In the transwell system, NRBCs could infiltrate into cardiac pieces and could transdifferentiate toward cardiomyocytes. Heart apex cautery caused approximately 5% of the ventricle to be injured to varying degrees. In the mildly to moderately injured regions, NRBC infiltration increased and myocardial regeneration started soon after the inflammatory response; the severely damaged region underwent inflammation, scarring, and vascularity before NRBC infiltration and myocardial regeneration, and recovered scarlessly in four months. NRBCs were seen in the newly formed myocardium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting showed that the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- 1β, 6, and11, cardiotrophin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, matrix metalloproteinase- 2 and 9 in the serum and/or cardiac tissues fluctuated in different patterns during the cardiac injury-regeneration. Cardiotrophin-1 could induce toad NRBC transdifferentiation toward cardiomyocytes in vitro. Taken together, the results suggest that the NRBC is a cell source for cardiomyocyte renewal/regeneration in the toad; cardiomyocyte loss triggers a series of biological processes, facilitating NRBC infiltration and transition to cardiomyocytes. This finding may guide a new direction for improving human myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- The Basic Medical Central Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Zhao
- The Central Laboratory For Biomedical Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
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Yčas JW, Horrow JC, Horne BD. Persistent increase in red cell size distribution width after acute diseases: A biomarker of hypoxemia? Clin Chim Acta 2015; 448:107-17. [PMID: 26096256 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A biomarker of hypoxic exposure would be useful in clinical diagnosis and prognosis. Acute hypoxia stimulates large increases in serum erythropoietin (EPO), and EPO induces formation of characteristic enlarged red blood cells (RBCs). The presence of large RBCs perturbs red cell distribution width (RDW). METHODS Using a >2M patient medical claims database, the human pathome was scanned for diseases where RDW rose 0-50days following a new diagnosis. The course of RDW after selected diagnoses was visualized by registering RDW measurements by diagnosis date. RESULTS Acute hemorrhage, which provokes EPO-driven erythropoiesis, is followed by increases in RDW but not mean cell volume (MCV). Similar RDW increases follow many acute diseases with risk of hypoxia, including heart failure, pneumonia, atelectasis, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax, and sepsis. Elevations reach maximum within 1month after onset and subside to pre-disease levels about 6months later. Unlike the case with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), RDW elevations after hypoxia-associated diseases are unaccompanied by discernible change in average RBC size. CONCLUSIONS As predicted by a model risk pathway linking hypoxia to formation of enlarged RBCs via EPO, acute hypoxemia-related disease episodes induce change in RBC size distribution. Further study is needed to explore whether a more sensitive and specific signal can be extracted from the fine structure of the RBC size distribution routinely measured in automated hemocytometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Yčas
- Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca LLC, Wilmington, DE, USA.
| | - Jay C Horrow
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Horne
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Harteman JC, Nikkels PGJ, Benders MJNL, Kwee A, Groenendaal F, de Vries LS. Placental pathology in full-term infants with hypoxic-ischemic neonatal encephalopathy and association with magnetic resonance imaging pattern of brain injury. J Pediatr 2013; 163:968-95.e2. [PMID: 23891350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between placental pathology and pattern of brain injury in full-term infants with neonatal encephalopathy after a presumed hypoxic-ischemic insult. STUDY DESIGN The study group comprised full-term infants with neonatal encephalopathy subsequent to presumed hypoxia-ischemia with available placenta for analysis who underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within the first 15 days after birth. Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the placenta were assessed. The infants were classified according to the predominant pattern of brain injury detected on MRI: no injury, predominant white matter/watershed injury, predominant basal ganglia and thalami (BGT) injury, or white matter/watershed injury with BGT involvement. Maternal and perinatal clinical factors were recorded. RESULTS Placental tissue was available for analysis in 95 of 171 infants evaluated (56%). Among these 95 infants, 34 had no cerebral abnormalities on MRI, 27 had white matter/watershed injury, 18 had BGT injury, and 16 had white matter/watershed injury with BGT involvement. Chorioamnionitis was a common placental finding in both the infants without injury (59%) and those with white matter/BGT injury (56%). On multinomial logistic regression analysis, white matter/watershed injury with and without BGT involvement was associated with decreased placental maturation. Hypoglycemia was associated with an increased risk of the white matter/BGT injury pattern (OR,5.4; 95% CI, 1.4-21.4). The BGT injury pattern was associated with chronic villitis (OR, 12.7; 95% CI, 2.4-68.7). A placental weight <10th percentile appeared to be protective against brain injury, especially for the BGT pattern (OR, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.01-0.7). CONCLUSION Placental weight <10th percentile was mainly associated with normal cerebral MRI findings. Decreased placental maturation and hypoglycemia <2.0 mmol/L were associated with increased risk of white matter/watershed injury with or without BGT involvement. Chronic villitis was associated with BGT injury irrespective of white matter injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Harteman
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zimmermann S, Hollmann C, Stachelhaus SA. Unique monoclonal antibodies specifically bind surface structures on human fetal erythroid blood cells. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2700-7. [PMID: 23819989 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuing efforts in development of non-invasive prenatal genetic tests have focused on the isolation of fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) from maternal blood for decades. Because no fetal cell-specific antibody has been described so far, the present study focused on the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to antigens that are expressed exclusively on fetal NRBCs. METHODS Mice were immunized with fetal erythroid cell membranes and hybridomas screened for Abs using a multi-parameter fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Selected mAbs were evaluated by comparative FACS analysis involving Abs known to bind erythroid cell surface markers (CD71, CD36, CD34), antigen-i, galactose, or glycophorin-A (GPA). Specificity was further confirmed by extensive immunohistological and immunocytological analyses of NRBCs from umbilical cord blood and fetal and adult cells from liver, bone marrow, peripheral blood, and lymphoid tissues. RESULTS Screening of 690 hybridomas yielded three clones of which Abs from 4B8 and 4B9 clones demonstrated the desired specificity for a novel antigenic structure expressed on fetal erythroblast cell membranes. The antigenic structure identified is different from known surface markers (CD36, CD71, GPA, antigen-i, and galactose), and is not present on circulating adult erythroid cells, except for occasional detectability in adult bone marrow cells. CONCLUSIONS The new mAbs specifically bind the same or highly overlapping epitopes of a surface antigen that is almost exclusively expressed on fetal erythroid cells. The high specificity of the mAbs should facilitate development of simple methods for reliable isolation of fetal NRBCs and their use in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Zimmermann
- Hannover Clinical Trial Center GmbH, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse. 1/k27, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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