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Collatuzzo G, Hamdani M, Boffetta P. Risk of bladder, kidney and prostate cancer from occupational exposure to welding fumes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:221-230. [PMID: 38231405 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cohort studies on risk of genitourinary (GU) cancers in workers exposed to welding fumes (WF). METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies published on Pubmed, Scopus and Embase following PRISMA criteria. Two researchers selected cohort studies on WF exposure. From 2582 articles, 7 non-overlapping studies were included. Quality of studies was scored according to CASP. We run a random effects meta-analysis to calculate the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of GU cancer, overall and stratified by cancer, country, and quality score. RESULTS We included seven studies reporting results on GU cancers, including prostate, bladder and kidney cancer (PC, BC, and KC). The RR was 1.19 (95% CI = 1.07-1.32, 16 risk estimates) for GU cancer; 1.13 (95% CI = 0.90-1.42, 4 risk estimates) for PC; 1.26 (95% CI = 0.98-1.60, 7 risk estimates) for BC and 1.28 (95% CI = 1.12-1.47, 5 risk estimates) for KC. Heterogeneity was present in all meta-analyses (p < 0.001). The increased risk was more pronounced in North American than in European studies (respectively, OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.18-1.55; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01-1.27 p heterogeneity = 0.03). There was no heterogeneity according to quality score (p = 0.4). Data were insufficient to investigate associations by industry or welding type. Publication bias for each cancer was excluded. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests increased risk of KC and BC, but not of PC, in workers exposed to WF. Confounding by other occupational and non-occupational risk factors could not be excluded. Data were not adequate to address the risk of specific exposure circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Maha Hamdani
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, BO, Italy.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Xiong X, Zhang S, Liao X, Du J, Zheng W, Hu S, Wei Q, Yang L. An umbrella review of the evidence associating occupational carcinogens and cancer risk at 19 anatomical sites. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123531. [PMID: 38341059 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to carcinogens of increasing cancer risk have been extensively suggested. A robust assessment of these evidence is needed to guide public policy and health care. We aimed to classify the strength of evidence for associations of 13 occupational carcinogens (OCs) and risk of cancers. We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to November 2022 to identify potentially relevant studies. We graded the evidence into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or not significant according to a standardized classification based on: random-effects p value, number of cancer cases, 95% confidence interval of largest study, heterogeneity between studies, 95% prediction interval, small study effect, excess significance bias and sensitivity analyses with credibility ceilings. The quality of meta-analysis was evaluated by AMSTAR 2. Forty-eight articles yielded 79 meta-analyses were included in current umbrella review. Evidence of associations were convincing (class I) or highly suggeastive (class II) for asbestos exposure and increasing risk of lung cancer among smokers (RR = 8.79, 95%CI: 5.81-13.25 for cohort studies and OR = 8.68, 95%CI: 5.68-13.24 for case-control studies), asbestos exposure and increasing risk of mesothelioma (RR = 4.61, 95%CI: 2.57-8.26), and formaldehyde exposure and increasing risk of sinonasal cancer (RR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.38-2.05). Fifteen associations were supported by suggestive evidence (class III). In summary, the current umbrella review found strong associations between: asbestos exposure and increasing risk of lung cancer among smokers; asbestos exposure and increasing risk of mesothelioma; and formaldehyde exposure and higher risk of sinonasal cancer. Other associations might be genuine, but substantial uncertainty remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Urology, Center of Biomedical Big Data and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Center of Biomedical Big Data and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyang Liao
- Department of Urology, Center of Biomedical Big Data and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajia Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Center of Biomedical Big Data and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Siping Hu
- Department of Urology, Center of Biomedical Big Data and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Center of Biomedical Big Data and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Urology, Center of Biomedical Big Data and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Qu C, He R, Hou W, Ye W, Cao H, Zhang H, Zhang N, Cheng Q, Zhang Q, Luo P. Global burden of neoplasms attributable to specific occupational carcinogens over 30 years: a population-based study. Public Health 2023; 223:145-155. [PMID: 37657137 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to analyze the global burden of occupational neoplasms from various epidemiological perspectives. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, secondary analyses were conducted to assess the burden of neoplasms attributable to occupational carcinogens and their distribution characteristics using data from GBD 2019 and the World Bank database. METHODS Based on the GBD 2019 and the World Bank database, we analyzed the global burden of occupational neoplasms including the age-period-cohort model, decomposition analysis, health inequality analysis, and panel model. All analyses were conducted in R (version 4.0.3) and Joinpoint (version 4.9.1). RESULTS The absolute number of neoplasms burden attributable to occupational carcinogens has continued to rise over 30 years. In 2019, occupational neoplasms caused 333,867 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 263,491 to 404,641] mortalities and 6,964,775 (95% UI: 5,467,884 to 8,580,431) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. Greenland, Monaco, the Netherlands, and Andorra suffered the highest burden. The burden was higher in countries with a higher sociodemographic index. The age effect was prominent in the elderly, and the 1925 birth cohort had the highest cohort effect. Population growth was the most significant driver of the mortalities (89%) and DALYs (111%) change. Moreover, the proportion of urban population was significantly positively associated with the disease burden, while GDP per capita was negatively correlated with the disease burden. CONCLUSIONS The burden of occupational neoplasms was unevenly distributed across locations and populations. The need for rational allocation of healthcare resources was urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - R He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Hou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; XiangYa School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - W Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - H Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - N Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Q Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Q Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - P Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Chieng CY, Dalal A, Ilankovan V. Occupational exposure and risk of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: systematic review and 25-year retrospective cohort study of patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2023; 61:39-48. [PMID: 36443129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Social habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol are well-known causative agents for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC/OPSCC). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a known causative agent for OPSCC. However, we often encounter patients with no identifiable risk factors. There is growing evidence of the role of occupational carcinogens in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. The aim of this study therefore was to identify any occupational carcinogens linked to oral cancer. We carried out a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, EMBASE, and Medline, along with a retrospective review of patients treated in a regional unit over 25 years. Occupations were classified based on the UK Standard of Classification 2020. Data analysis was completed using the chi-squared test. A total of 17 papers met the inclusion criteria for review. In our retrospective study a total of 874 patients were identified of whom 31% were blue-collar workers, 32.8% were white-collar workers, 20.2% were unemployed/housewives, and 16% workers in other occupations. The majority of blue-collar workers were in the construction industry and had maximum exposure to hydrocarbons and exhaust fumes. The aetiology of oral and oropharyngeal SCC is multifactorial and there is no consensus on the role of occupational carcinogens. We showcase our patient cohort and discuss the occupational exposures that appear to make them susceptible to OSCC and OPSCC. Further multicentre studies are required to enable us to understand fully the pathogenesis of oral cancer and help us to inform relevant organisations, the aim being to reduce the incidence of occupation-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chieng
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospital Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
| | - A Dalal
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospital Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - V Ilankovan
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Department, University Hospital Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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Fontana L, Massari S, Maisonneuve P, Persechino B, Marinaccio A, Rampinelli C, Spaggiari L, Veronesi G, Iavicoli S. An innovative approach to identify past exposure to asbestos integrating questionnaire information and administrative data. Health Policy 2020; 125:246-253. [PMID: 33358598 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reconstruction of work history of subjects exposed to occupational carcinogens might be extremely challenging and provide unreliable results. This study, carried out in Italy from February to November 2014, aimed to explore the validity of an innovative approach to reconstruct the occupational history of workers who have previously been exposed to asbestos combining the administration of structured questionnaire with the use of administrative data. Subjects recruited in this study were enrolled in the cohorts of COSMOS 1 and 2 studies. Participants indicating an exposure to asbestos were contacted and a structured questionnaire was administered to them to verify the validity of the self-reported asbestos exposure. Subsequently, work histories of respondents were investigated using administrative information. The record linkage with social security archives allowed the reassembling of the complete work history of 487 participants. In detail, administrative files allow the retrieval of 98 % of workers declaring not to be exposed, versus 77 % using the questionnaire. Furthermore, the percentage of retrieved cases is not relevant for high risk sectors but it is almost double for industries with probable presence of asbestos. The combined and integrated use of structured questionnaire with administrative data proved effective in accurately identifying subjects who actually had an asbestos exposure. This innovative strategy, being cost-effective and easily adaptable to other carcinogens, could be particularly useful in selecting subjects to recruit in specific screening and control programs for the early diagnosis of occupational cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fontana
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Massari
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Patrick Maisonneuve
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Persechino
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Rampinelli
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Spaggiari
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, via Ripamonti 435, 20141, Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa Del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Veronesi
- Division of Thoracic and General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano (Milan), Italy.
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
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Pityn PJ. Hygiene at work: An engineering perspective on the development of hygiene science. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2008; 19:165-8. [PMID: 19352447 DOI: 10.1155/2008/428715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present article examines the work of contemporary hygiene practitioners. Discussion converges from a broad examination of hygiene at work in our society serving the common good to occupational hygiene in the workplace. The article considers the expanding role of hygiene today, juxtaposed against the lack of awareness and perceptions of hygiene. It considers some of the current social challenges facing hygiene, perceptions of risk and problems specifically encountered by occupational hygienists.
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